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1650-1750 • was created to inform people about colonial life, religious disputes and settlement issues • the works consist largely of historical and teaching materials • Bible is the authority • interest in nature, science and scientific experiments. • Optimism
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1750-1800 • a depressing period in America • logical, political
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1800-1860 • intuition is more valid than reason • experience is more valid than universal principles • man is the center of the universe • harmony with nature • we should strive for idealism • importance of passion, beauty and emotion
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1840-1860 • man is one with nature • all objects are miniature versions of the universe • God is everywhere, in nature and in man • extension of Romanticism • intuition and feelings were priority over reason • simplification of lifestyle, meaning the lack of necessity for material good • growing respect and value for the position of women • unity of God & nature • individuality & self- reliance • unlimited human potential
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1855-1900 • setting is generally the here-and-now • much of the writing stems from a journalistic documentary style (period of "Yellow Journalism") • often Regional with local dialect • characters contend with ethical problems • psychological overtones • plausible and everyday experiences
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important movement in American literature from the 1890s until the 1920s • a pessimistic world-view • Nature dwarfs the individual who has no control over it • Our fate is not in our hands so everything depends on how we cope • Nature is "indifferent" and we have only each other
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1914 - 1939 • expresses the irrational workings of the unconscious • stream of consciousness characterizations • characters contend with ethical problems • Imagistic and precision in language
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Genres of Puritan literature start learning
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-sermons -diaries -essays
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Authors representing Puritarian Literature start learning
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• William Bradford • Mary Rowlandson • Jonathan Edwards
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Benjamin Franklin - major works start learning
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• “Dictionary of American Literary Characters” • “Experiments in Electricity” • “The Papers of Benjamin Franklin” • “The Way to Wealth” • “Articles of Belief and Acts of Religion” • “Cool Thoughts on The Present Situation of Our Public Affairs”
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Washington Irving - major works start learning
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• “Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle” • “A History of New York” • “Tales of travellerer” • “Bracebridge Hall” • “Tales of the Alhambra” • “Astoria”
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James Fenimore Cooper - major works start learning
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• ”The Last of the Mohicans” • “The Deerslayer” • “The Pathfinder” • “The Pioneers” • “The Prairie”
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Ralph Waldo Emerson[TRANSCENDENTALISM] - major works start learning
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-Collections • “Representative Man” • “The Conduct of Life” -Essays (at least 2) • ”Compensation” • “Circles” • “Nature” • “The Poet” • “Experience” • “Politics”
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Walt Whitman - characteristics of his poetry start learning
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• breaks the boundaries of poetic form and is generally prose-like • uses a common language • unusual images and symbols • openly wrote about death and sexuality, including prostitution • “Leaves of Grass”- individualism, democracy; -‘I celebrate myself’- I-you-America-all -young and old, man and woman, child and adult- we’re all equal -the right to pursue happiness
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Edgar Alan Poe - characterize start learning
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1st short story writer who used figure of detective, criminal cases; rather interested in human psychology; opposition to Romanticisim; feeling of melancholy; master of short story (“The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall"); horror master (“The Fall of the House of Usher”)
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Edgar Alan Poe - common themes start learning
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-madness -buried alive -coming back to life -psychology of fear -psychology of horror
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“Moby Dick”- about a ship; ship like democratic society; each person comes from different culture
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Nathaniel Hawthorne - common themes start learning
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-inherent evil -sin of humanity -guilt and retribution
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• “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”` • “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
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Henry James - major works start learning
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• “Washington Square” • “The Wings of the Dove” • “The Ambassadors” • “The Portrait of Lady”
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Jack London [NATURALISM] - major works start learning
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• “White Fang” • “The Call of The Wild” • “The Sea Wolf”
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Stephen Crane [NATURALISM] - major works start learning
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• “The Red Badge of Courage” (about civil war) • *”Maggie, a Girl of The Streets”
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Jack London Stephen Crane Frank Norris Theodore Dreiser John Steinbeck
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American writers of a MODERNIST period start learning
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William Faulkner Ernest Hemingway Francis Scott Fitzgerald
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“Nature” by Emerson - published in start learning
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“Leaves of Grass” by Whitman - published in start learning
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"Moby Dick” by Melville - published in start learning
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“The Waste Land” by T.S. Eliot - published in start learning
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“The Sun Also Rises” by Hemingway - published in start learning
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