VOCABULARY 2 (UNIVERSITY)

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Question English Answer English
Up-ended
The storm up-ended the entire garden, leaving flowers hanging upside down from their broken stems.
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upside down
Keg
After the festival, we found an empty keg of beer rolled into the corner of the yard.
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barrel of beer
TO TAKE SOMEBODY APART
The professor took the student apart during the presentation for not preparing properly.
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zmieszać kogoś z błotem
Denouement
The denouement of the mystery novel revealed that the butler was the culprit all along.
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an outcome; result
Slaughter
The historical account described the slaughter of innocent civilians during the war.
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kill a large number of people indiscriminately
Equivalence
The judge ruled that the two contracts held equivalence in legal standing.
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the state of being equal or alike in value or importance
To Counter
The lawyer prepared a strong argument to counter the prosecution's claims.
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odpierać, odrzucać, przeciwdziałać, wstrzymywać
Scrawl
His signature was a hasty scrawl that no one could read.
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write carelessly
Scrutiny
The politician’s expenses came under intense scrutiny from the media.
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close observation
Exponent
She is a well-known exponent of renewable energy solutions.
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someone who supports a particular idea/belief
Twitchy
He felt twitchy before the big presentation, unable to sit still.
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nervous and unable to relax
Variations
Scientists study variations in DNA to understand genetic diversity.
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any difference between individuals of the same species
Conscientious
The conscientious student always double-checked her work before submitting it.
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characterized by extreme care and great effort
Solitary
The solitary hiker enjoyed the peace of the empty trail.
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alone
Devoted
She was a devoted mother, always putting her children’s needs first.
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dedicated
Prejudice
The workshop aimed to address prejudice in the workplace.
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a negative attitude toward an entire category of people
Apathetic
His apathetic response to the news surprised everyone.
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feeling or showing little emotion
Aggressive
The aggressive dog barked loudly at anyone who approached the fence.
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ready to attack or start fights
Mature
Despite his age, he handled the situation in a mature manner.
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having or showing the mental and emotional qualities of an adult
Attentive
The attentive waiter noticed every small detail of our order.
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alert and watchful; considerate; thoughtful
Extrovert
As an extrovert, she thrived in social gatherings and loved meeting new people.
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one who is outgoing
Insensitive
His insensitive comment hurt her feelings without him realizing it.
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niedelikatny, niestosowny, bezduszny, mało wyrozumiały
Scold
The teacher had to scold the students for talking during the exam.
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remonstrate with or rebuke someone angrily
Quarrel
They had a bitter quarrel over how to manage the family business.
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an angry argument or disagreement
Abandon
The sailors had to abandon the sinking ship to save their lives.
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to leave behind
Account for
He couldn’t account for his absence from the meeting yesterday.
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to explain the reason for something
To whet someone's appetite
The chef served a small taster dish to whet our appetite for the main course.
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to give someone a sample/a small part of something so they would want more
Not averse to
She’s not averse to trying new foods, even if they seem unusual.
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not opposed to
Acquaint with
Before the trip, he took time to acquaint himself with the local customs.
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familiarize
Make amends to
He tried to make amends to his friend after their argument.
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make up for something
It goes without saying
It goes without saying that you should always wear a seatbelt while driving.
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to się rozumie samo przez się; to mówi samo za siebie; to świadczy samo za siebie
Does not approve of
My parents do not approve of my decision to drop out of college.
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does not like/does not respect
To be the apple of someone's eye
Her youngest daughter was the apple of her eye, always bringing her joy.
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something precious
Alternative
When the main road was closed, we took an alternative route through the countryside.
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choice
Take something for granted
We often take clean water for granted, but it’s a luxury in many parts of the world.
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to not appreciate something
TO BLOW ONE’S TOP
When he heard the news, he blew his top and started shouting.
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wpaść w szał, eksplodować, wściec się
Urchin
The little urchin ran through the market, knocking over baskets of fruit.
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a mischievous child
Habitually
She habitually arrives late to every meeting, no matter how important.
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repeatedly or continuously
betrothen
The betrothen couple announced their wedding date to the family.
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zaręczony
Engaged
They got engaged last summer and are planning their wedding for next June.
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zaręczony/na
Fiancée
He introduced his fiancée to his parents at the family dinner.
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a woman engaged to be married
Acquaintance
She’s just an acquaintance from my old job; we don’t keep in touch.
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a person known to one, but usually not a close friend
Colleague
My colleague helped me finish the project before the deadline.
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co-worker
Figure
The artist sketched a human figure in the corner of the canvas.
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figure
Infant
The infant slept peacefully in the crib.
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baby
Juvenile
His juvenile behavior at the meeting embarrassed everyone.
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young or immature
Toddler
The toddler took his first wobbly steps across the room.
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1-3 years old
Alien
As an alien in a new country, he struggled to adapt to the local customs.
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a citizen of another country; foreign, strange
Outsider
She always felt like an outsider at school because she was new.
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a person who is not part of a group
Stranger
Don’t talk to strangers on the street, the mother warned her child.
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someone you do not know
Aged
The aged oak tree had stood in the park for over a century.
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state of being old
Ancient
The ancient ruins told stories of civilizations long gone.
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very old
Elder
The elder of the village was respected for his wisdom and experience.
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a person who is older
Ancestors
We traced our ancestors back to the 18th century through genealogy records.
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family members from past generations
Descendants
The royal family’s descendants still hold influence in the country today.
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children, grandchildren, and continuing generations
Bachelor
At 40, he was still a bachelor, enjoying his freedom.
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a man who has not married
Independent
She prided herself on being independent, never relying on others for help.
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free from outside control
Single
He’s been single for years but is happy with his life.
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not married
Assistant groom
The assistant groom made sure everything ran smoothly during the ceremony.
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helper at a wedding
Best man
His brother served as the best man at his wedding.
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a male friend or relative of the bridegroom at a wedding
Godfather
In the movie, the godfather was a powerful and feared figure.
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Mafia boss (or a man who sponsors a child at baptism)
A BLOKE
That bloke at the pub was telling the funniest stories.
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facet, gość, koleś
A CHAP
He’s a good chap, always ready to lend a hand.
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chłop, facet, chłopak
A LAD
The young lad worked hard to support his family.
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chłopak, chłopiec
Involvement
The company’s involvement in the community project was widely praised.
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consumer's interest in a product or service
Aloof
The new manager seemed aloof, rarely engaging in casual conversations.
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not friendly or forthcoming
Beam
She greeted everyone with a beam, lighting up the room.
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a joyful smile
TO GUFFAW
The audience guffawed at the comedian’s latest joke.
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śmiać się głośno, rechotać
Attribution
The study focused on the attribution of success to either luck or hard work.
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process of assigning causes to behavior
Nearest and dearest
He spent the holiday with his nearest and dearest, enjoying their company.
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close relatives/friends
Newlyweds
The newlyweds were still glowing from their honeymoon.
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a man and woman who have not been married long
Contemporaries
Picasso and Matisse were contemporaries, both shaping modern art.
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those who exist/live at the same time
Outcasts
The novel’s protagonist was an outcast, shunned by his community.
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a person who has been rejected by society or a social group
Unanswerable
The philosopher’s question was unanswerable, leaving everyone in silence.
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impossible to answer
Inadvertently
She inadvertently locked her keys in the car.
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unintentionally
Convoluted
The instructions were so convoluted that no one could follow them.
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intricate and complicated
Hardwired
Some people seem hardwired to be optimistic, no matter the circumstances.
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inherent, born with
Guesswork
The answer was pure guesswork, as there was no data to rely on.
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the process or results of guessing
To purport
The document purports to be a historical record, but its authenticity is doubted.
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to profess, suppose, claim
TO COME OUT ON TOP
Despite the challenges, she managed to come out on top in the competition.
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dopiąć swego
Markedly
His performance improved markedly after he started training regularly.
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noticeably
Predecessors
The new CEO had big shoes to fill, following in the footsteps of his successful predecessors.
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someone or something that came before
Interlacing
The interlacing pattern on the sweater was intricate and beautiful.
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the point at which a yarn changes its position from one side of the fabric to the other
Scrupulous
The scrupulous editor caught every minor error in the manuscript.
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exact, careful, attending thoroughly to details
Hit the roof
When he saw the damage, he hit the roof.
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to get very angry
Off the record
The politician spoke off the record about the sensitive issue.
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information from an official that cannot be printed
TO RACK ONE’S BRAIN
I racked my brain trying to remember where I left my keys.
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myśleć bardzo intensywnie, łamać sobie głowę
It stands to reason
It stands to reason that if you study hard, you’ll do well on the exam.
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it is logical
As a last resort
She only called her parents as a last resort, after trying everything else.
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when all else has failed
Put down roots
After years of traveling, they decided to put down roots in a small town.
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to settle down
Quandary
She was in a quandary, unsure of which job offer to accept.
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a state of perplexity or doubt
An unknown quantity
The new employee was still an unknown quantity to the team.
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a person or thing whose qualities and abilities are not yet known
Know the ropes
After a few months, he knew the ropes and could handle the job independently.
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to be fully acquainted with the procedures
Cut to the quick
His harsh words cut her to the quick, leaving her in tears.
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to cause someone deep emotional hurt
On the quiet
She left the room on the quiet, not wanting to draw attention.
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silently
Call it quits
After years of struggling, they decided to call it quits and close the business.
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give up, stop
Make do with something
We had to make do with a small apartment until we could afford a house.
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use what is available although it is not enough or what you wanted
Give someone their marching orders
The manager gave him his marching orders after the argument.
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to dismiss someone
Meet one's match
In the chess tournament, he finally met his match in the reigning champion.
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compete with someone as good as/better than you
Mean well
She meant well when she gave advice, even if it wasn’t helpful.
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to have good intentions
Mint condition
The vintage car was in mint condition, looking as good as new.
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in perfect condition
Name names
The whistleblower refused to name names, protecting his sources.
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identify someone who has done something (usually immoral or illegal)
Risk one's neck
The firefighter risked his neck to save the child from the burning building.
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put oneself in danger
Touch a nerve
His comment about her past touched a nerve, making her upset.
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mention a sensitive subject
To rise to the occasion
Despite the pressure, the team rose to the occasion and won the championship.
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overcome a difficult situation by doing everything necessary to succeed
A drop in the ocean
The donation was just a drop in the ocean compared to what was needed.
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a very small amount that will not have much effect
On the off chance
She took an umbrella on the off chance that it might rain.
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just in case
Not on
His behavior at the party was not on; he embarrassed everyone.
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unacceptable behavior
Living beyond one's means
Many people fall into debt because they’re living beyond their means.
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spending more than you can afford
Miles away
She stared out the window, miles away, lost in her memories.
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deep in thought
A nest egg
They saved a nest egg for their children’s education.
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sum of money saved for a particular purpose
None the wiser
After the explanation, I was none the wiser about how it worked.
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know nothing more than before
Go overboard
She went overboard with the decorations, covering every inch of the house.
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to do too much
Overstep the mark
His joke overstepped the mark and offended several people.
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behave in an unacceptable way
Own up
He finally owned up to breaking the vase.
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to tell someone that you have done something wrong
Get your own back
After the prank, she was determined to get her own back.
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take/get revenge
In good order
The house was left in good order after the tenants moved out.
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in good condition
Made to order
The suit was made to order, tailored perfectly to his measurements.
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specially made, not from stock
To be in the same boat
We’re in the same boat—neither of us has a job right now.
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to be in the same situation
To be all at sea
Without a map, we were all at sea in the unfamiliar city.
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to be in a state of confusion
Get on
The project is getting on well, ahead of schedule.
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to make progress
Get on with
After the break, she got on with her work.
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concentrate/continue
Go in for
He decided to go in for the photography contest.
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enter (a competition, etc); like
Keep on
Even after the setback, they kept on trying.
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to continue
Hold back
The police held back the crowd to let the ambulance through.
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stop someone or something from moving forward
Look up to
Many young athletes look up to him as a role model.
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to respect someone; to admire someone
Lay off
The company had to lay off 50 employees due to financial difficulties.
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to stop employing a worker
Keep back
She tried to keep back her tears during the sad movie.
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to hide
Make up for
He worked extra hours to make up for the time he missed.
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compensate for
Make out
She made out that she was sick to avoid the meeting.
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pretend that something is true
Live with
You’ll have to live with the consequences of your actions.
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tolerate/accept something and endure it
Stand up to
He stood up to the bully, refusing to be intimidated.
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to resist
Live up to
The new employee lived up to all our expectations.
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reach an expected standard
Stand by
She promised to stand by her friend no matter what.
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to support
Stand up for
He stood up for his beliefs, even when others disagreed.
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to defend
Act up
The computer started acting up again, freezing every few minutes.
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behave awkwardly or badly
Answer back
The student was scolded for answering back to the teacher.
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reply rudely to someone with more authority
Back out
He backed out of the deal at the last minute.
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to withdraw
Back up
Her friends backed her up when she told her story.
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to support
Bear with
Please bear with me while I figure this out.
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to be patient
Be beneath
She felt that cleaning the floors was beneath her.
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be demeaning
Be down with
He’s down with the flu and won’t be at work today.
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be ill (with disease)
Be in for it
If you don’t finish your homework, you’ll be in for it when your dad gets home.
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be about to receive punishment/trouble
Be into
She’s really into painting these days.
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to be interested in
Be in with
He’s in with the manager, so he always gets the best assignments.
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be in favor with
Be off
The meeting was off due to the storm.
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to be canceled; to cease interest in something
Be up to
What are you up to in there? It’s been quiet for hours.
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to be doing something
Break down
She broke down in tears when she heard the news.
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to lose control emotionally
Break in
He broke in to say that dinner was ready.
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to interrupt
Break out
War broke out in 1914, changing the course of history.
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to start suddenly
Break through
The scientist broke through with a cure for the disease.
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(1) make a discovery, (2) become visible, (3) achieve success despite obstacles
Call in
The doctor decided to call in a specialist for a second opinion.
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to consult
Clear off
The thieves cleared off before the police arrived.
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to run away
Come by
Good tickets for the concert are hard to come by.
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to obtain
Come forward
Several witnesses came forward after the accident.
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offer help or information
Come on
The construction project is coming on nicely.
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develop or make progress
Come over
A strange feeling came over her as she entered the old house.
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happen; have a result or effect on someone
Come through
Despite the odds, the small business came through the crisis.
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survive, succeed
Come up
An opportunity came up that was too good to pass up.
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to appear
Do away with
The company decided to do away with the old policy.
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to abolish
Be done for
If we don’t act quickly, we’ll be done for.
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to be ruined
Do out of
He was done out of his inheritance by a dishonest relative.
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cheat somebody out of something
Drive at
What are you driving at with all these questions?
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imply, suggest
Bank on something
Don’t bank on him arriving on time; he’s always late.
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to count or rely on something
Bears out
The evidence bears out his version of the story.
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depend on something
Blew over
The scandal blew over after a few weeks.
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became less important and were then forgotten
Bring up
She brought up an interesting point during the discussion.
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to mention
Bring off
He brought off a surprising victory in the election.
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to succeed in doing something
Bring round
The paramedics brought him round after he fainted.
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to revive
Brush up on
I need to brush up on my Spanish before the trip.
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practice and improve your skills
Build up
Tension built up between the two countries over the border dispute.
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to accumulate
Catch on
The new song quickly caught on with teenagers.
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to become popular
Carry off
She carried off the difficult role with ease.
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to succeed in doing something difficult
Carry out
The researchers carried out a series of experiments.
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complete, accomplish
Calls for
The situation calls for immediate action.
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demands
Called off
The picnic was called off because of the rain.
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canceled
Called up
He was called up during the war.
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being ordered to serve in the armed forces
Chip in
Everyone chipped in to buy a gift for the retiring teacher.
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contribute to some cause
Check up on
The boss checked up on the progress of the project.
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to find out what someone is doing
Cut down on
The doctor told him to cut down on sugar.
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to reduce
Cut off
The phone call was cut off before we finished talking.
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to disconnect, interrupt
Draw in
As autumn approaches, the days begin to draw in.
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shorten (of days)
Fall back
The army was forced to fall back to a safer position.
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retreat
Fall back on
When his business failed, he fell back on his savings.
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use as a last resort
Fall for
He fell for her the first time they met.
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to fall in love
Fall in with
She fell in with her friends’ plans for the weekend.
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to agree with
Fall out with
They fell out with each other over a silly argument.
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to have a disagreement and stop being friends
Feel for
I really feel for her after everything she’s been through.
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to sympathize
Fit in
It took him a while to fit in with his new classmates.
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mix well with others
Baffled by
I was baffled by the complex instructions.
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confused by
Coincide with
The meeting coincided with my lunch break.
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to be the same as
On the spur of the moment
We decided on the spur of the moment to go to the beach.
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suddenly, without planning
A blessing in disguise
Losing that job was a blessing in disguise; it led me to a better career.
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a good thing that seemed bad at first
Drives a hard bargain
You won’t get a discount—he drives a hard bargain.
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expects a lot in exchange for something
A bee in his bonnet
He’s got a bee in his bonnet about recycling.
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to be very involved in something that you think is important
Butterflies in one's stomach
She had butterflies in her stomach before the big performance.
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to be nervous/stressed/anxious
On the verge of
She was on the verge of tears after the sad news.
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the point at which something begins
At the crack of dawn
They set off at the crack of dawn to avoid the traffic.
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very early in the morning
Over the moon
She was over the moon when she found out she got the job.
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extremely happy
A change is as good as a rest
After years in the same job, he decided a change is as good as a rest and switched careers.
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a change in routine is refreshing
Don't fix it if it ain't broke
The old saying goes, “Don’t fix it if it ain’t broke.”
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don’t change/fix something which is good
The other side of the coin
Success has its rewards, but the other side of the coin is the hard work it requires.
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opposite side or point of view
Got to move with the times
Businesses have got to move with the times to stay competitive.
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adapt
Taken as read
It’s taken as read that everyone will contribute to the project.
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generally accepted
To put a spanner in the works
The sudden strike put a spanner in the works for the company’s plans.
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to sabotage
Put someone in mind of something
The smell of fresh bread put me in mind of my grandmother’s kitchen.
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remind someone of a memory or an idea
All walks of life
The festival attracted people from all walks of life.
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all social, economic, and ethnic groups
The tail wags the dog
In that company, the tail wags the dog—the interns seem to run the place.
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the less important factor dominates
Knee-jerk response
His knee-jerk response to criticism was to get defensive.
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an immediate response made without thinking
To be tantamount to treason
In some regimes, criticizing the leader is tantamount to treason.
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to be close to treason
The dissenting voice of
She was the dissenting voice of reason in the heated debate.
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person who disagreed
To come round to the point of something
After much hesitation, he came round to the point of his proposal.
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to finally speak about the topic
Change is a given
In this industry, change is a given—you have to adapt quickly.
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to be accepted
To be customer-led
The company’s success comes from being customer-led in its approach.
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to be popular
To seize upon something
He seized upon the opportunity to travel abroad.
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to take without asking
act up
The toddler started to **act up** when he didn’t get his favorite toy.
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źle się zachowywać
answer back
The teenager **answered back** when his father scolded him for coming home late.
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defend oneself, respond rudely to sb, pyskować
back out
He promised to help with the project but **backed out** at the last minute.
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wycofać się
back up
My friends always **back me up** when I need their support.
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wspierać
bear with
Please **bear with** me while I try to fix this technical issue.
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być cierpliwym
be beneath
She felt that cleaning the office toilets was **beneath** her dignity.
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be demeaning (poniżający)
be down with
He couldn’t come to work because he was **down with** the flu.
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be ill
be in for it
If you break Mom’s favorite vase, you’ll **be in for it** when she finds out.
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be about to receive punishment
be in with
He’s **in with** the boss, so he always gets the best assignments.
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być w zgodzie
be off
After a few dates, he was **off** the idea of dating her.
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cease to be interested in sth
break down
She **broke down** in tears after hearing the tragic news.
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stracić kontrolę nad emocjami
break in
He **broke in** to say that the meeting was starting in five minutes.
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interrupt
break out
War **broke out** in Europe in 1939.
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wybuchnąć
break through
The scientist **broke through** the barriers of traditional thinking with her discovery.
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overcome obstacles
bank on
You can **bank on** him to keep his word.
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count on/ depend on
bear out
The evidence **bears out** his alibi for the night of the crime.
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potwierdzać, support the truth in a given situation
blow over
The storm **blew over** quickly, and the sun came out again.
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ustawać, przemijać
bring up
She **brought up** the topic of climate change during the discussion.
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mention a subject
bring off
No one thought he could do it, but he **brought off** a amazing victory.
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dokonać czegoś, osiągnąć coś (surprisingly)
bring round
The paramedics **brought round** the unconscious man with oxygen.
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ocucić, revive
brush up on
I need to **brush up on** my French before traveling to Paris.
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improve a skill
build up
Stress can **build up** if you don’t take time to relax.
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accumulate
catch on
The new slang term quickly **caught on** among teenagers.
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przyjąć się, zyskać popularność
carry off
Despite his nervousness, he **carried off** his presentation perfectly.
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poradzić sobie z czymś
carry out
The researchers **carried out** a series of experiments to test their hypothesis.
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przeprowadzać
call for
This recipe **calls for** fresh basil and tomatoes.
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require
call up
During the war, many young men were **called up** to serve in the army.
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wezwany do wojska, conscripted
chip in
Everyone **chipped in** to buy a gift for their retiring teacher.
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złożyć się na coś
call off
The wedding was **called off** because the groom got cold feet.
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odwołać, postpone
call in
If you have any problems, don’t hesitate to **call in** an expert.
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(do)zadzwonić
clear off
The trespassers **cleared off** when they saw the police approaching.
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wynieść się
come by
Tickets for that concert are hard **to come by**.
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zdobyć coś co jest trudne do zdobycia
come forward
After the accident, several witnesses **came forward** to help.
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przyjść z pomocą
come on
The construction of the new bridge is **coming on** well.
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robić postępy
come over
A strange feeling **came over** me when I entered the old house.
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przyjść, happen
come through
Despite the difficulties, the small business **came through** the crisis.
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docierać, przychodzić, wychodzić cało
come up to
The new movie **came up to** all the hype and was a box office success.
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sprostać oczekiwaniom
do away with
The company decided **to do away with** the old policy.
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pozbyć się
be done for
If we don’t find a solution soon, our team will **be done for**.
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być skończonym, bezsilnym, pokonanym
do out of
He was **done out of** his inheritance by his deceitful cousin.
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pozbawić
drive at
What exactly are you **driving at** with all these questions?
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zmierzać do czegoś, imply
check up on
The manager decided **to check up on** the employee’s recent absences.
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investigate sb's behaviour
cut down on
The doctor advised him **to cut down on** his sugar intake.
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reduce
cut off
The telephone line was **cut off** during the storm.
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odciąć
draw in
As winter approaches, the days begin **to draw in**.
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shorten (days)
fall back
The soldiers were forced **to fall back** when the enemy advanced.
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wycofać się
fall back on
When his business failed, he **fell back on** his savings.
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turn to sb for help when all else has failed
fall for
He **fell for** her the moment he saw her smile.
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fall in love with sb
fall in with
She **fell in with** her friends’ plan to go hiking this weekend.
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agree to
fall out with
They **fell out with** each other over a misunderstanding.
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quarrel
fall through
Their plans for a vacation **fell through** because of the pandemic.
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fail to take place
feel for
I really **feel for** her after everything she’s been through.
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współczuć
fit in
It took him a while **to fit in** with his new coworkers.
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mix well with others

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