reading and lexis unit 7

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Question English Answer English
die out
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to disappear or stop existing completely
dispose of
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to get rid of something
draw on
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to use something to achieve a particular result
go into
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to be put into or utilised
keep from
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to prevent someone from doing something or prevent something from happening
kick in
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to start or to begin to have an effect
make up
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to combine together to form a particular total or result
map out
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to plan carefully how something will happen
smooth out
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to get rid of problems or difficulties
speed up
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to happen more quickly, or to make something happen more quickly
tap into
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to manage to use something in a way that brings good results
track down
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to find someone or something by searching for a long time
decompression sickness
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a serious medical condition caused by returning too quickly to the surface of the sea when diving with breathing equipment
element
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a simple chemical substance that consists of only one kind of atom
fluctuations in pressure
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changes in the level of pressure
high-voltage
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relating to or containing large amounts of electricity
oxidise
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to combine with oxygen, or make something combine with oxygen, especially in a way that causes rust
pharmacological
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relating to the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs
pollutant
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a substance that makes air, water, soil etc dangerously dirty, and is caused by cars, factories etc
specimen
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a small amount or piece that is taken from something, so that it can be tested or examined
stable atmosphere
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a maintaned or steady atmosphere
vapour
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a mass of very small drops of a liquid which float in the air, for example because the liquid has been heated
ventilated
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made pleasant by having fresh air inside it
accolade
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praise given to someone because people think they are very good, or a prize given to them for their work
bring to life
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(with reference to a fictional character or inanimate object) cause to be alive or real
enrapture
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to give someone very great pleasure
fatal flaw
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a weakness that makes something certain to fail
narrative structure
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a literary element generally described as the structural framework that underlies the order and manner in which a narrative is presented to a reader, listener, or viewer
personify
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to think of or represent something as a person
pitch at
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to aim a product at a particular type of organisation, group of people etc, or to describe it in a particular way, in order to sell it
recount
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to tell someone a story or describe a series of events
yarn
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a story of adventures, travels etc, usually made more exciting and interesting by adding things that never really happened
applicable
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if something is applicable to a particular person, group, or situation, it affects them or is related to them
classy
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fashionable and expensive
convivial
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friendly and pleasantly cheerful
duplicitous
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deceptive in words or action; deceitful
formative
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having an important influence on the way someone or something develops
harmonious
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harmonious relationships are ones in which people are friendly and helpful to one another
life-threatening
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a life-threatening situation, illness, or injury could cause a person to die
lifelong
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continuing or existing all through your life
near-perfect
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almost perfect
patronising
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speaking or behaving towards someone as if they are stupid or not important
sceptical
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doubting whether something is true or right
sought-after
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wanted by a lot of people but rare or difficult to get
speechless
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unable to speak because you feel very angry, upset etc
allusion
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something said or written that mentions a subject, person etc indirectly
asphyxiation
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when someone is prevented from breathing
categorisation
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the process of putting people or things into categories (= groups with the same features)
clarification
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the act of making something clearer or easier to understand, or an explanation that makes something clearer
defection
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the act of leaving your own country or group in order to go to or join an opposing one
displacement
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when a group of people or animals are forced to leave the place where they usually live
diversity
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the fact of including many different types of people or things
espionage
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the activity of secretly finding out secret information and giving it to a country’s enemies or a company’s competitors
ignorance
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lack of knowledge or information about something
incarnation
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a particular physical form or condition of something or someone that is changing or developing
infiltration
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the process of secretly becoming part of a group in order to get information or to influence the way that a group thinks or behaves
jingle
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a short song used in advertisements
mortality
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the number of deaths during a particular period of time among a particular type or group of people
onslaught
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strong criticism of someone
premise
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a statement or idea that you consider to be true and use to develop other ideas
principal
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someone who is in charge of a school
principle
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a moral rule or belief about what is right and wrong, that influences how you behave
sentiment
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an opinion or feeling you have about something
sophistication
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the quality of being complicated or made with great skill
upbringing
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the way that your parents care for you and teach you to behave when you are growing up
wisdom
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whether something is sensible
adhere to
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to behave according to a rule, agreement etc
amend
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to correct or make small changes to something that is written or spoken
ascribe
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to claim that something is caused by a particular person, situation etc
complement
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to make a good combination with someone or something else
deter
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to stop someone from doing something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results
ensure
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to make certain that something will happen properly
fulfil
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to do or provide what is necessary or needed
hone
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to improve your skill at doing something, especially when you are already very good at it
outrun
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to develop more quickly than something else
proscribe
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to officially say that something is not allowed to exist or be done
face head on
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to confront a problem directly and openly
fall into a category
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to belong to or be part of a particular group, area of responsibility, range of things, or type of things
fulfil a need
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to do or provide what is necessary or needed
hazard a guess
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to say something that is only a guess
make an assumption
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to think something is true although you have no definite proof
(be) under no illusion
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to be fully aware of the true state of affairs
be in operation
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to be functioning, operating or being active
have time to kill
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to have nothing to do for a particular period
in pursuit of
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when someone tries to get, achieve, or find something in a determined way
in some circles
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in certain social or professional groups
(second) night running
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if something happens for the second night running, it happens two nights in a row
solitude
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when you are alone, especially when this is what you enjoy
sympathy
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the feeling of being sorry for someone who is in a bad situation
discrete
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clearly separate
discreet
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careful about what you say or do, so that you do not offend, upset, or embarrass people or tell secrets
illicit
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not allowed by laws or rules, or strongly disapproved of by society
elicit
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to get or produce something, especially information or a reaction
alternately
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happening in a regular way, first one thing and then the other thing
grumpy
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bad-tempered and easily annoyed
(be) in the mood (to)
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to feel that you would like to do something
cringe
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to feel embarrassed by something
mend
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to repair a tear or hole in a piece of clothing
reticent
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unwilling to talk about what you feel or what you know
detrimental (effect on)
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causing harm or damage
pane
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a piece of glass used in a window or door
rattle
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if you rattle something, or if it rattles, it shakes and makes a quick series of short sounds
rogue
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a person who behaves badly, but who you like in spite of this – often used humorously
unpick
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to examine the different parts of a subject, deal etc, especially in order to find faults
account for
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to be the reason for something, or to explain the reason for something
arrive at
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to reach a decision, solution etc after a lot of effort
be on to something
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to have an idea or information that is likely to lead to an important discovery
bring about
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to make something happen
boil down to
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if a situation or statement boils down to something, that is the most important fact or the basic meaning
buy into
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to accept or believe an idea
give off
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to produce a smell, light, heat etc
narrow down
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to reduce the number of people or things that you can choose from

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