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Question Answer
phoneme
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smallest articulatory component of language
morpheme
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smallest, meaningful articulatory component of language
lexicology
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study of vocabulary
syntax
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study of sentences
pragmatics
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using language to achieve something in a social setting
duality (properties)
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language is made of two levels: meaning of words and physical level - sounds
cultural transmission (properties)
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language is not in our genetics, instead we acquire it because of our culture
arbitrariness (properties)
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words don't have an inherited meaning
displacement (properties)
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we can talk about abstract concepts or about future etc
productivity (property)
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infinite Numbers of birds and sentences can be created by finite number of letters/sounds
noun
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rzeczownik
verb
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czasownik
adjective
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przymiotnik
adverb
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przysłówek
pronoun
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zaimek
preposition
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przyimek
conjuction
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spójnik
determiner
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that, mine, hers etc
particula
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partykuła
pictogram
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monosemic, graphic representation of objects etc
idiograms
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polisemic, simplified forms of pictograms
logograms
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sign corresponding to a word (like in Chinese)
L1: prelinguistic stage
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producing words for fun not for communication
L2: one word stage
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L2: etap jednego słowa
L1: telegraphic speech
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no grammatical words ("is")
L1: overgeneralization
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uses common grammatical rules for everything
L1 (in short)
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massive input, unorganized grammaticaly
L2 (in short)
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reduced input, structured
metalanguage (used in L2)
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helps in learning, language about language
language transfer
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transferring certain components of one language into the other
negative transfer
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patterns aren't parallel, difficulties in learning
positive transfer
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patterns are parallel, helps in learning
derivation
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combining words (roots) with affixes (morpehemes)
suffix
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-ly
prefix
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un-
infix
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-a-
compounding
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word + word/ black+ board = blackboard
clipping
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reducing word length without reducing meaning
blending
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motor + hotel = motel
prescriptive approach
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proper use of language originating from classical languages
descriptive approach
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what is correct in language is determined on whether the speakers use it

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