→ Unit 8 - Upstream → Start Learning / Download MP3 Flashcards

Question		Answer
far-reaching start learning		having a great influence on a large number of things; extensive; wide-ranging; widespread
dislocation start learning		disturbance or removal from the usual place or state;
maim start learning		to injure so badly that a part of the body becomes useless;
high profile start learning		conspicuous; evident; attracting a lot of attention;
pave the way (for sb/sth) start learning		to prepare for sb/sth, to make the arrival or appearance of sb/sth easier
footage start learning		a film or part of a film of a particular event; recording, video, clip
preconception start learning		a belief formed about sth before one has got information about it; presupposition; bias; prejudice
bigoted start learning		prejudiced
commandeer start learning		to force sb to help in a task
obtuse start learning		slow to understand; stupid
misidentification start learning		wrong identification; misscall; missname
abound start learning		to be plentiful; be full of; exist in large numbers or amounts
phenotypic start learning		(of appearence) having features determined by environment and not heredity factors
consistency start learning		the thickness or smoothness of a substance; steadiness; stability;
candy floss/cotton candy start learning		wata cukrowa
heritage start learning		tradition; legacy
oblivious of sth start learning		unaware; ignorant;
endowed start learning		blessed with a particular characteristic; gifted; blessed
to floor start learning		to surprise and make sb unable to respond; baffle; confuse
heredity start learning		the process by which certain characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring
perpetuate start learning		continue; carry on; keep going; preserve
personal agenda start learning		sb’s intentions or personal plans
inflict start learning		to bring upon suffering, harm or damage; cause; impose something unwelcome on
preaching start learning		talking about a religious or moral subject
turmoil start learning		chaos, confusion
advocate start learning		a supporter; proponent;
imposition start learning		using authority to force people to accept sth; forcing; imposing
boil down to start learning		to be the most basic aspect of a matter; come down to
dubious start learning		doubtful, unreliable, uncertain, unsure
footing start learning		the basis; foundation;
cling (on) to sth start learning		to hold onto (e.g. a belief)
outmoded start learning		outdated; old-fashioned; out of date
apportion start learning		to divide into shares; split;
blend start learning		a combination, mix
intermingling start learning		a blend, mix
bogus start learning		false, counterfeit; fake
mould start learning		form, shape, frame
underscore start learning		to emphasise; highlight; stress; accent
weirdness start learning		strangeness
construct start learning		a complex idea
instil sth in/into sb start learning		to implant; to make sb think or feel an idea or feeling
arbitrary start learning		random, unpredictable, not based on a reason
malicious start learning		vicious, cruel, hostile, evil
monoracialism start learning		the belief in the superiority of one race;
exclusion start learning		preventing sb from entering a place or taking part in an actvity; rejection;
distinction start learning		difference
unrest start learning		disturbance; disruption; chaos
constitute start learning		to combine to form a whole; compose; form
mobility start learning		movement; flexibility
bid start learning		an attempt; effort; try
curb start learning		to restrain; hold back; limit
alleged start learning		stated but not proved to be true
subsidised start learning		with part of the cost paid by sb else, usually a government agency; sponsored; funded;
invalid start learning		an ill or disabled person
nourishing start learning		healthy, beneficial
mentally challenged start learning		(very polite) mentally disabled, mentally handicapped
saving grace start learning		a good quality or feature that prevents sb from being completely bad or worthless;
dispose of sth start learning		to get rid of sth; eliminate
cordially start learning		in a very friendly way; warmly; respectfully, kindly
gratuitous start learning		unnecessary; redundant
incensed start learning		extremely angry, enraged, mad
twiddle one’s thumbs start learning		to have nothing to do and wait for sth to happen
trudge start learning		to walk slowly and with difficulty;
stroll start learning		to wander, walk in a slow and relaxed way
saunter start learning		to walk slowly and casually
strut start learning		to walk in a proud way
dim start learning		not very strong or obvious; weak; soft; vague; unclear
rudimentary start learning		basic, simple, elementary
menial start learning		(of work) boring and badly paid
barrister start learning		a lawyer in higher courts of law
magistrate start learning		a judge dealing with minor crimes in law courts
abhorrence start learning		strong hatred; loathing
dispute start learning		argument, disagreement
tiff start learning		a minor quarrel between friends or a married couple
clash start learning		a fight or an argument between people
congregation start learning		people attending a church service; (wierni)
rally start learning		a public meeting supporting sth; gathering
ceasefire start learning		a temporary suspension of fighting between groups of people or countries
truce start learning		an agreement between two people or groups of people to stop fighting
treaty start learning		a written agreement between countries to help each other or do sth in particular
faction start learning		a group of people within a larger one; clique
settler start learning		a person who goes to live in a new country
mediator start learning		sb who settles an argument between two (groups of) people
intermediary start learning		sb who passes messages between people or groups
interceptor start learning		a person or thing that stops sth from going from one place to another
strife start learning		conflict; friction; dispute; quarrel
friction start learning		disagreement, argument
decree start learning		an official order or decision
deposition start learning		a formal written statement
drag one’s feet/heels start learning		to hold back, delay
a storm in a teacup start learning		a lot of fuss about sth unimportant
a drop in the ocean start learning		a very small and unimportant amount
fight a losing battle start learning		to try to achieve sth that cannot be achieved
bite off more than one can chew start learning		to try to do sth which is beyond one’s capabilities
eradicate start learning		to eliminate, get rid of, remove
a law unto oneself start learning		sb who does as she or he pleases
make a mountain out of a molehill start learning		to make an unimportant fact seem like a serious one
outstay one’s welcome start learning		to stay longer than expected
drive a wedge between sb and sb else start learning		to cause ill feelings between people
on the grounds of start learning		because of
counter start learning		to make less effective; to strive to reduce or eliminate
influx start learning		an arrival of people or things in large numbers
surveillance start learning		close observation; scrutiny; supervision
culprit start learning		an offender; criminal; wrongdoer;
infringement start learning		an interference in sb's rights and freedom; violation
civic duty start learning		duty done for the good of a particular community
solidarity start learning		agreement or unity among a group of people; unity
prevalent start learning		common, widespread, frequent, common, general
stem from start learning		to be caused by; originate; rise
evoke start learning		to cause to occur; summon
glass ceiling start learning		the imaginary barrier that stops e.g. women from getting the highest positions, best jobs, etc
maternity leave start learning		a period of time when a woman is on leave from work to have a baby
high-ranking start learning		important, at a high level
swiftly start learning		quickly, fast, rapidly
entail start learning		involve, require, imply, involve
fraud start learning		criminal dishonesty or deceit
contemptuous of sb/sth start learning		showing disrespect, mockery
exploitative start learning		unfairly using people’s work or ideas for one’s own advantage
redress start learning		to correct or compensate for sth unfair or wrong
fend for oneself start learning		to take care of oneself without help from others;
malevolent start learning		evil; malicious;
humbling start learning		making sb feel inferior or embarrassed; humiliating; degrading;
bubbling start learning		active, full of energy,
quick-witted start learning		intelligent, sharp, quick,
humaneness start learning		kindness or sympathy towards people and animals; kindness, benevolence
elucidate start learning		to make clear, to clarify, explain
humiliated start learning		made to feel ashamed
underpin start learning		to support, strengthen, reinforce
exacerbate start learning		to aggravate, to worsen, magnify
asset start learning		a useful quality, advantage, benefit, strength
mutate into sth start learning		to change in form or nature
unleash start learning		to let loose, release
equitable start learning		reasonable and fair, giving everybody equal treatment
grid start learning		a network
own up to sth start learning		to admit having done sth wrong
compulsive start learning		(of people) behaving in an uncontrollable way, doing sth wrong
withdraw start learning		to stop taking part
anguish start learning		suffering, torment, pain, agony
doomed start learning		certain to fail or be destroyed
redundancy start learning		losing a job due to financial problems of one’s employer;
delinquent start learning		having a tendency to commit minor crimes repeatedly; offender; wrongdoer; criminal
accumulate start learning		to acquire an increasing number of sth; collect; gather
egg on start learning		to encourage sb to do sth dangerous or foolish
repel start learning		to make sb feel disgust; repulse;
infested start learning		full of creatures (of insects or animals) that cause damage;
legitimate start learning		reasonable, justified, legal
shirk (from) sth start learning		to avoid doing sth one should do (wykręcać się od czegoś)
stem start learning		to stop sth from spreading or increasing; stop; restrict; block
volatile start learning		unstable; likely to change unexpectedly; explosive;
detain start learning		to keep sb in a place under control; imprison; restrain; arrest
indestructible start learning		that cannot be destroyed;
befit start learning		to be proper or good enough for sb or sth;
clamour for sth start learning		to demand sth angrily or noisily
concession start learning		a lower price given to old people, students and the unemployed;
hellbent on sth start learning		determined, stubborn
exasperating start learning		very annoying, infuriating, irritating
withhold start learning		not to let sb have sth; hide; retain;
irrelevancy start learning		sth unimportant or unnecessary
biannually start learning		twice a year
proximity start learning		closeness, nearness
in retrospect start learning		thinking about an event after it has happened, often with a different opinion about it
steadfast start learning		firm, constant, loyal, devoted
consent form start learning		a form containing a written permission from sb
bask in sth start learning		to enjoy sth greatly
affliction start learning		sth that causes physical or mental suffering; ailment; disorder
recuperation start learning		recovery after an illness or injury
stroke start learning		the blocking or bursting of a blood vessel in the brain

Unit 8 - Upstream

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