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Question		Answer
Information Undertakings Obligations to provide regular financial and operational updates. start learning		zobowiązania informacyjne
Facility Period The duration during which the loan agreement remains in effect. start learning		okres kredytowania
audited financial statements Financial reports reviewed and verified by an independent auditor. start learning		audytowane sprawozdania finansowe
ultimate Holding Company The top-level parent company in a corporate structure. start learning		ostateczna spółka holdingowa
Shareholder The entity that owns shares in the Borrower. start learning		udziałowiec
General Contractor The main party responsible for construction works. start learning		generalny wykonawca
Tenant The party leasing the property from the Borrower. start learning		najemca
best-effort basis A commitment to try, but without a strict guarantee. start learning		w miarę możliwości
acceptable to the Agent Approved by the party representing the lenders. start learning		zaakceptowany przez Agenta
authorized signatory A person legally empowered to sign documents on behalf of a company. start learning		upoważniony przedstawiciel
true and fair view A standard indicating that financial statements accurately reflect the company’s financial position. start learning		rzetelny i prawdziwy obraz
fairly presenting Representing financial data without distortion or bias. start learning		uczciwie przedstawiający
balance sheet A financial statement showing assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. start learning		bilans
profit and loss account A statement showing revenues, expenses, and profit over a period. start learning		rachunek zysków i strat
notes to financial statements Additional explanations and disclosures accompanying the main financial statements. start learning		noty do sprawozdań finansowych
generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) Standardized accounting rules used to prepare financial statements. start learning		ogólnie przyjęte zasady rachunkowości
consistently applied Applied in the same manner across reporting periods for comparability. start learning		stosowane w sposób spójny
Compliance Certificate A formal statement confirming compliance with financial covenants. start learning		certyfikat zgodności
Clause 20 (Financial covenants) The section of the agreement setting financial performance requirements. start learning		klauzula 20 (wskaźniki finansowe)
Calculation Day The date on which financial covenant compliance is assessed. start learning		dzień obliczeniowy
Net Rental Income Rental income after deducting operating costs and taxes. start learning		dochód netto z najmu
return of income tax Tax refund received or receivable by the Borrower. start learning		zwrot podatku dochodowego
authorised attorney-in-fact A person legally empowered to act on behalf of the Borrower. start learning		upoważniony pełnomocnik
electronic signature A digital form of signature legally recognized for document authentication. start learning		podpis elektroniczny
rules of representation Legal rules defining who can sign documents on behalf of a company. start learning		zasady reprezentacji
Occupancy Permit Official approval to use a completed building. start learning		pozwolenie na użytkowanie
Operating Budget A financial plan for the property’s operating expenses and revenues. start learning		budżet operacyjny
rent-roll A schedule listing tenants, rental terms, and payments. start learning		zestawienie najmu
arrears Amounts overdue and unpaid by tenants. start learning		zaległości
statement of operations Summary of income and expenses related to property operations. start learning		zestawienie operacyjne
tax certificate Official confirmation of tax compliance. start learning		zaświadczenie podatkowe
Social Security Office (ZUS) Polish institution managing social security contributions. start learning		Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych
litigation / arbitration / administrative proceedings Legal processes involving disputes or regulatory issues. start learning		postępowania sądowe / arbitrażowe / administracyjne
promptly upon becoming aware Immediately after learning of a relevant fact or event. start learning		niezwłocznie po uzyskaniu wiedzy
reasonably request A request that is justified and not excessive. start learning		uzasadnione żądanie
pre-agreed in writing Approved in advance through formal written agreement. start learning		uprzednio pisemnie uzgodnione
Default A breach of the loan agreement, such as missed payments or covenant violations. start learning		naruszenie / niewykonanie zobowiązania
remedy To take corrective action to fix a breach or issue. start learning		usunąć / naprawić
certificate A formal document confirming a specific status or condition. start learning		certyfikat / zaświadczenie
Material Adverse Effect A significant deterioration in financial, legal, or operational condition. start learning		istotnie negatywny wpływ
Business Day A day on which banks are open for business, excluding weekends and holidays. start learning		dzień roboczy
Know your customer (KYC) Regulatory process of verifying the identity and background of clients. start learning		poznaj swojego klienta
money laundering Concealing the origins of illegally obtained money. start learning		pranie pieniędzy
financing of terrorism Providing financial support to terrorist activities. start learning		finansowanie terroryzmu
Constitutional Documents Legal documents defining the company’s structure and representation rules. start learning		dokumenty założycielskie
Power and authority Legal and corporate capacity to enter into and perform agreements. E.g., The Borrower has the power and authority to sign the loan agreement. start learning		uprawnienia i kompetencje
No limit exceeded The transaction does not breach internal or legal limits. E.g., The borrowing does not exceed corporate powers. start learning		brak przekroczenia uprawnień
Authorisations Required approvals or permits. E.g., Board resolutions, licenses, or regulatory consents. start learning		zezwolenia / zgody
Admissible in evidence Legally acceptable in court. E.g., The agreement is admissible in evidence in Poland. start learning		dopuszczalne jako dowód
Legal Reservations Standard legal limitations on enforceability. E.g., Subject to insolvency or enforcement laws. start learning		ograniczenia prawne
Deduction or withholding for Tax Withholding tax applied to payments. E.g., No tax deduction is required under Polish law. start learning		potrącenie lub pobór podatku
Stamp duty Tax on legal documents. E.g., Stamp duty applies to powers of attorney. start learning		opłata skarbowa
Filing / recording / enrolling Legal formalities for enforceability. E.g., Mortgages must be registered in the land register. start learning		złożenie / rejestracja / wpis
Pledge registry / share register Official registers for security interests. E.g., Pledges must be registered. start learning		rejestr zastawów / rejestr udziałów
Event of Default A breach of contract triggering lender rights. E.g., Non-payment or breach of covenants. start learning		przypadek naruszenia
Reasonably likely A realistic and foreseeable possibility. E.g., No default is reasonably likely to occur. start learning		uzasadnione ryzyko
Utilisation Drawing funds under the loan facility. E.g., No default will result from any Utilisation. start learning		wykorzystanie
Grace period A time window to remedy a breach before it becomes a default. E.g., A missed payment may become a default after the grace period. start learning		okres karencji
Termination event A situation allowing a party to terminate a contract. E.g., Cross-default clauses often define termination events. start learning		zdarzenie uprawniające do rozwiązania umowy
Misleading in any material respect Information that could mislead a lender in making a decision. E.g., Omitting a major tenant default. start learning		wprowadzające w błąd w istotnym zakresie
Valuer Independent expert who assesses property value. E.g., The Valuer relied on Borrower’s data. start learning		rzeczoznawca
Legal Due Diligence Report Legal analysis of the Borrower or project. E.g., Lawyers prepare this report for the Lenders. start learning		raport z badania prawnego
Withheld or omitted Failure to disclose relevant information. E.g., The Borrower must not withhold material facts. start learning		zatajenie lub pominięcie
Financial projections Forecasts of future financial performance. E.g., Based on reasonable assumptions. start learning		prognozy finansowe
Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) Standardy stosowane przy sporządzaniu sprawozdań finansowych. E.g., Polish GAAP or IFRS. start learning		powszechnie przyjęte zasady rachunkowości
Fairly represent Accurately reflect the financial condition. E.g., The statements fairly represent the Borrower’s operations. start learning		rzetelnie przedstawiać
Material adverse change (MAC) A significant deterioration in financial or business condition. E.g., No MAC has occurred since the last financials. start learning		istotna negatywna zmiana
Consistently applied Accounting policies used uniformly over time. E.g., No change in depreciation method. start learning		stosowane w sposób spójny
pari passu A legal term meaning that obligations rank equally in priority of payment. start learning		równorzędny / na równi
unsecured creditor A creditor who does not have collateral backing their claim. start learning		wierzyciel niezabezpieczony
unsubordinated creditor A creditor whose claims are not ranked below others in case of insolvency. start learning		wierzyciel niepodporządkowany
mandatorily preferred by law Obligations that are given priority by law, such as tax debts. start learning		ustawowo uprzywilejowany
Material Adverse Effect A significant negative change in the borrower's financial or legal condition. start learning		istotnie negatywny wpływ
Environmental Claim A legal action related to environmental damage or non-compliance. start learning		roszczenie środowiskowe
Environmental Law Regulations governing pollution, waste, and environmental protection. start learning		prawo środowiskowe
Environmental Permit An official authorization to carry out activities affecting the environment. start learning		pozwolenie środowiskowe
hazardous substance A material that poses risks to health or the environment. start learning		substancja niebezpieczna
ordinary course of operating Routine business activities carried out in normal operations. start learning		zwykły tryb działalności
to the best of its knowledge A phrase limiting liability based on known information at the time. start learning		według najlepszej wiedzy
carried on any business To engage in commercial or operational activities. start learning		prowadzić działalność
consistent with In line with or not contradicting the terms of another document. start learning		zgodny z
interest in property A legal or beneficial right to own or use a property. start learning		udział w nieruchomości
beneficial ownership Ownership that provides the benefits of property even if not in name. start learning		faktyczne posiadanie
unlimited liability A situation where an entity is fully liable for its debts. start learning		nieograniczona odpowiedzialność
material liabilities Significant financial obligations that may affect solvency. start learning		istotne zobowiązania
contingent liability A potential obligation depending on a future event. start learning		zobowiązanie warunkowe
ordinary course of business Regular, routine operations of a company. start learning		zwykły tryb działalności
aggregate amount The total sum of all items combined. start learning		łączna kwota
Agent A party appointed to manage financial transactions on behalf of lenders. start learning		agent
Existing Accounts Bank accounts already approved and in use by the Borrower. start learning		istniejące rachunki
duly and punctually Properly and on time, in accordance with legal or contractual obligations. start learning		należycie i terminowo
discharged To pay off or settle a financial obligation. start learning		uregulowany / spłacony
Taxes imposed upon Taxes legally levied on a person or entity. start learning		podatki nałożone na
incurring interest or penalties Becoming liable for additional charges due to late payment. start learning		naliczanie odsetek lub kar
contested in good faith Disputed honestly and with legitimate reasons. start learning		kwestionowany w dobrej wierze
appropriate means Legal or procedural methods suitable for the situation. start learning		odpowiednie środki
validly made request A formally submitted and legally acceptable application. start learning		prawidłowo złożony wniosek
Tax returns Official documents filed with tax authorities reporting income and taxes owed. start learning		zeznania podatkowe
claims asserted Legal demands or accusations made against a party. start learning		roszczenia zgłoszone
reasonably likely A realistic possibility based on known facts or circumstances. start learning		uzasadnione prawdopodobieństwo
valid title A legally recognized ownership right to an asset. start learning		ważny tytuł prawny
Transaction Security Assets pledged to secure the obligations under the finance documents. start learning		zabezpieczenie transakcyjne
encumbrance A legal claim or restriction on a property, such as a lien or easement. start learning		obciążenie
easement A right to use part of a property for a specific purpose (e.g., utility access). start learning		służebność
Land and Mortgage Registers Official public records of property ownership and encumbrances. start learning		księgi wieczyste
subsidence The gradual sinking of land, which can damage buildings. start learning		osiadanie gruntu
material damage Significant physical harm that affects the value or usability of an asset. start learning		istotne uszkodzenie
structural defect A flaw in the building’s structure that may compromise safety or value. start learning		wada konstrukcyjna
good faith Acting honestly and without intent to deceive. start learning		dobra wiara
impede To obstruct or hinder progress or use. start learning		utrudniać
mortgage A legal charge over property to secure a loan. start learning		hipoteka
Security A legal right over assets to secure repayment of a loan. start learning		zabezpieczenie
Negative pledge A clause preventing the borrower from creating additional security interests. start learning		zakaz ustanawiania zabezpieczeń
first ranking priority The highest level of priority in case of enforcement or liquidation. start learning		pierwszeństwo w kolejności zaspokojenia
pari passu ranking Equal ranking with other creditors or security holders. start learning		równorzędna kolejność zaspokojenia
share capital The total value of shares issued by a company. start learning		kapitał zakładowy
fully paid Shares for which the full purchase price has been paid. start learning		w pełni opłacony
option to purchase A contractual right to buy shares at a future date. start learning		opcja zakupu
Constitutional Documents Legal documents that define the structure and rules of a company (e.g., articles of association). start learning		dokumenty założycielskie
restrict or inhibit To prevent or make difficult the execution of certain actions. start learning		ograniczać lub utrudniać
enforcement of the Security The process of realizing the value of security in case of default. start learning		wykonanie zabezpieczenia
owns and controls Has legal ownership and decision-making authority. start learning		posiada i kontroluje
insolvent Unable to pay debts as they become due. start learning		niewypłacalny
threatened with insolvency At risk of becoming insolvent based on financial condition. start learning		zagrożony niewypłacalnością
Transaction Document Any agreement related to the financing transaction. start learning		dokument transakcyjny
winding-up The process of closing a company and distributing its assets. start learning		likwidacja
dissolution Legal termination of a company’s existence. start learning		rozwiązanie
restructuring / reorganisation Changing the structure or operations of a company to improve viability. start learning		restrukturyzacja / reorganizacja
liquidation Selling assets to pay off debts, often in insolvency. start learning		upadłość / likwidacja
receiver / administrator / trustee A person appointed to manage a company’s assets during insolvency. start learning		syndyk / zarządca / powiernik
foreign bankruptcy proceedings Insolvency processes initiated in another jurisdiction. start learning		zagraniczne postępowania upadłościowe
rescheduling / refinancing Adjusting payment terms or replacing debt with new financing. start learning		zmiana harmonogramu / refinansowanie
Obligor A party that has obligations under the finance documents. start learning		zobowiązany
immunity from suit Legal protection preventing a party from being sued. start learning		immunitet od pozwu
execution / attachment Legal processes to enforce a judgment or secure assets. start learning		egzekucja / zajęcie
legal process Any formal legal action or proceeding. start learning		procedura prawna
Authorisation Official permission required by law or regulation. start learning		zezwolenie / zgoda
Building Permit Legal approval to begin construction. start learning		pozwolenie na budowę
Environmental Permit Authorization to carry out activities affecting the environment. start learning		pozwolenie środowiskowe
transferred to Legally assigned or moved to another party. start learning		przeniesione na
Project Documents Contracts and materials defining the scope and terms of a development project. start learning		dokumenty projektowe
material amendments Significant modifications that affect the substance of a document. start learning		istotne zmiany
Agent A party representing the lenders and overseeing compliance. start learning		agent
Intellectual Property Creations of the mind, such as designs, inventions, and trademarks. start learning		własność intelektualna
legal and beneficial owner A person who holds legal title and enjoys the benefits of ownership. start learning		właściciel prawny i faktyczny
licence Permission to use intellectual property under agreed terms. start learning		licencja
Final Completion Date The date by which the project must be fully completed. start learning		data ostatecznego zakończenia
infringe To violate someone’s legal rights, especially intellectual property. start learning		naruszać
challenge to validity A legal dispute questioning whether a right or document is legally enforceable. start learning		zakwestionowanie ważności
Required Equity Contribution The amount of equity the borrower must invest in the project. start learning		wymagany wkład kapitałowy
Subordinated Loan A loan that ranks below other debts in case of liquidation. start learning		pożyczka podporządkowana
Material Adverse Effect A significant negative change in financial or legal condition. start learning		istotnie negatywny wpływ
Original Financial Statements The initial financial reports used as a reference point in the agreement. start learning		pierwotne sprawozdania finansowe
Repeating Representations Representations that are deemed to be repeated at regular intervals (e.g., interest payment dates). start learning		powtarzalne oświadczenia
deemed to be repeated Considered as restated without needing a new formal declaration. start learning		uznawane za ponownie złożone
Interest Payment Date The scheduled date on which interest is due under the loan agreement. start learning		dzień płatności odsetek
without undue delay As soon as reasonably possible, without unnecessary postponement. start learning		bez zbędnej zwłoki
no longer true or valid A statement that has become incorrect or inapplicable due to changed circumstances. start learning		już nieprawdziwe lub nieważne
Currency indemnity Compensation for losses due to currency conversion. E.g., The Borrower must cover FX losses if payment is made in the wrong currency. start learning		odszkodowanie walutowe
Receivable Amount due to be received. E.g., The receivable is denominated in EUR. start learning		należność
Conversion rate Exchange rate used to convert currencies. E.g., Based on the Lender’s internal rate. start learning		kurs przeliczeniowy
Court enforcement proceedings Legal process to recover debt. E.g., Payment obtained through court enforcement. start learning		postępowanie egzekucyjne
Hedge Documents Contracts for financial hedging (e.g., swaps). E.g., Currency indemnity does not apply to Hedge Documents. start learning		dokumenty zabezpieczające
Other indemnities Compensation for specific costs not covered elsewhere. E.g., Costs due to Event of Default. start learning		inne odszkodowania
Event of Default A breach of contract triggering lender rights. E.g., Non-payment or covenant breach. start learning		przypadek naruszenia
Utilisation Request A formal request to draw funds. E.g., The Borrower submitted a Utilisation Request. start learning		zlecenie wykorzystania
Prepayment notice Notice from the Borrower to repay early. E.g., Costs arise if the Borrower fails to prepay as notified. start learning		zawiadomienie o przedterminowej spłacie
Documented costs Costs supported by evidence. E.g., Legal fees, funding costs, etc. start learning		udokumentowane koszty
Indemnity to the Agent Compensation for losses or costs incurred by the Agent. E.g., The Borrower must indemnify the Agent for investigation costs. start learning		odszkodowanie na rzecz Agenta
Reasonably believes Based on objective, rational judgment. E.g., The Agent reasonably believes a Default occurred. start learning		uzasadnienie uważa
Properly documented cost Cost supported by evidence (e.g., invoices). E.g., Legal fees must be properly documented. start learning		należycie udokumentowany koszt
Instruction A directive or order given to the Agent. E.g., The Agent relied on an instruction from the Borrower. start learning		instrukcja
Mitigation Steps to reduce or avoid negative consequences. E.g., The Lender may transfer obligations to mitigate costs. start learning		działania ograniczające
Affiliate A company related by ownership or control. E.g., Rights may be transferred to an Affiliate. start learning		jednostka powiązana
Limitation of liability Restriction on obligations or liability. E.g., The Lender is not obliged to mitigate if it would be prejudicial. start learning		ograniczenie odpowiedzialności
Prejudicial Likely to cause harm or disadvantage. E.g., The Lender may refuse mitigation if it is prejudicial. start learning		szkodliwy / niekorzystny
Reasonably incurred Costs that are fair and justifiable. E.g., The Borrower must reimburse reasonably incurred expenses. start learning		poniesione w uzasadniony sposób
Transaction expenses External costs related to preparing and executing the loan. E.g., Legal and notary fees. start learning		koszty transakcyjne
Perfection Legal process of making a security interest enforceable. E.g., Registration of mortgage. start learning		ustanowienie (zabezpieczeń)
Legal Due Diligence Report Legal review of the project or borrower. E.g., Required before first disbursement. start learning		raport z badania prawnego
Separately pre-agreed Agreed in advance between parties. E.g., Costs must be pre-agreed to be reimbursed. start learning		uprzednio uzgodnione
Amendment A modification to the terms of the agreement. E.g., The Borrower requested an amendment to the repayment schedule. start learning		zmiana (umowy)
Waiver A formal relinquishment of a contractual right. E.g., A waiver of a financial covenant. start learning		zrzeczenie się prawa
Consent Formal approval by the Lenders or Agent. E.g., Consent to release a security. start learning		zgoda
Duly documented Supported by proper evidence (e.g., invoices). E.g., Only duly documented costs are reimbursed. start learning		należycie udokumentowany
Pre-agreed Agreed in advance between parties. E.g., Costs must be pre-agreed to be reimbursed. start learning		uprzednio uzgodniony
Representation and Warranty A formal statement of fact made by the Borrower. E.g., The Borrower represents it is duly incorporated. start learning		oświadczenie i zapewnienie
Duly incorporated Legally formed under applicable law. E.g., A limited liability company under Polish law. start learning		należycie zarejestrowany
Centre of Main Interests (COMI) The main place of business for insolvency purposes. E.g., COMI is in Poland. start learning		centrum interesów gospodarczych
Establishment A place of operations in another jurisdiction. E.g., The Borrower has no establishment outside Poland. start learning		zakład
Regulation (EU) 2015/848 EU regulation on cross-border insolvency proceedings. E.g., Defines COMI and establishment. start learning		rozporządzenie UE 2015/848
Gross-up Increasing a payment to offset tax deductions. E.g., The Borrower must gross-up payments to ensure the Lender receives the full amount. start learning		bruttowanie
Tax Deduction Withholding tax required by law. E.g., If a tax deduction applies, the Borrower must gross-up. start learning		potrącenie podatkowe
Net amount Amount received after deductions. E.g., The Lender must receive the net amount as if no tax was withheld. start learning		kwota netto
Pursuant to provisions of law As required by applicable legislation. E.g., Tax deductions may be required pursuant to law. start learning		zgodnie z przepisami prawa
Indemnities Obligations to compensate for losses or damages. E.g., The Borrower shall indemnify the Lender for any tax-related losses. start learning		odszkodowania
Qualifying Lender A lender that meets tax treaty or domestic law conditions to receive payments without withholding. E.g., No gross-up applies if the Lender is not a Qualifying Lender. start learning		kwalifikowany kredytodawca
Treaty Lender A lender entitled to tax benefits under a double tax treaty. E.g., A Treaty Lender must provide tax documents. start learning		kredytodawca traktatowy
Published practice or concession Official tax authority guidance or relief. E.g., Changes in published practice may affect gross-up obligations. start learning		opublikowana praktyka lub ulga
Procedural formalities Administrative steps to obtain tax exemption. E.g., Filing forms to avoid withholding tax. start learning		formalności proceduralne
Stamp duty A tax on legal documents. E.g., The Borrower must reimburse stamp duties. start learning		opłata skarbowa
Registration fees Fees for registering legal documents. E.g., Payable in connection with security documents. start learning		opłaty rejestracyjne
VAT (Value Added Tax) Tax on goods and services. E.g., VAT may apply if tax law changes. start learning		podatek VAT
Exclusive of VAT Not including VAT. E.g., All amounts are deemed exclusive of VAT. start learning		netto (bez VAT)
Reimbursement Repayment of expenses. E.g., The Borrower shall reimburse the Lender for VAT on costs. start learning		zwrot kosztów
Not entitled to deduction Cannot recover VAT. E.g., VAT is payable if the Lender is not entitled to deduction. start learning		bez prawa do odliczenia
Increased Costs Additional costs due to legal or regulatory changes. E.g., The Borrower must reimburse Increased Costs. start learning		zwiększone koszty
Basel III / CRD IV International banking regulations on capital and liquidity. E.g., New Basel III rules may increase costs. start learning		Bazylea III / CRD IV
Proportionally Allocated based on share or exposure. E.g., Costs are calculated proportionally if affecting a class of loans. start learning		proporcjonalnie
Compliance Adhering to laws or regulations. E.g., Costs incurred due to compliance with new rules. start learning		zgodność / przestrzeganie
Demand by the Agent Formal request for payment. E.g., The Borrower must pay within 10 days of the Agent’s demand. start learning		żądanie Agenta

Umowa kredytowa 3

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