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The main difference between the Polish and English vowel systems? start learning
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Number of vowels (monophthongs and dipthings), their quality, in English vovels are influenced by surrounding consonant more often
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start learning
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It's a visual representation of where the vowels are articulated in the mouth.
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3 main branches of phonetics start learning
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Articulatory Phonetics (how speech sounds are produced by the movement of articulators) Acoustic Phonetics (physical properties of speech, so frequency, duration etc) Auditory Phonetics (how sounds are percieved hy the ear and processed by brain)
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Discuss vowel length in English. start learning
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It refers to the duration a vowel sound is held during pronounciation. English has both short and long vowels, and lenght can change the meaning of the word. It makes it a crucial element in English phonology.
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Relationship between the position of a vowel in the diagram and shape of tongue and lips? start learning
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HIGH - tongue raised close to the roof of the mouth LOW - lowered away from the roof FRONT - tongue pushed toward the front of the mouth BACK - pulled toward the back of mouth
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Difference between diphthongs and pure vowels start learning
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Diphthongs are complex vowel sounds sounds that involve a glide from one vowel position to another within' the same syllable. Pure vowels are simple vowel sounds with a single, unchanginf quality
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What are Polish 'equivalents' of English diphthongs and how do they differ? start learning
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Polish doesn't have true diphthongs as English does. Instead iy has sequences of vowels that are articulated more separately.
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Advice you would give a Polish person concerning the pronounciation of diphthongs. start learning
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Focus on mastering the glide from one vowel sound to another,. avoid using polish sounds
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Why are centering diphthongs difficult for Poles? What should they avoid? start learning
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Polish doesn't have any centering dipthongs. Avoid inserting a consonant sound between em
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The phenomenon of linking 'r' start learning
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Linking 'r' occurs in non-rhotic accents of English such as RP. 'R' is at the end of the word is pronounced ONLY if the next word begins with a vowel sound.
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start learning
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Rhoticity refers to the pronounciation of the 'r' sound in all contexts. In Recieved Pronounciation, a non-rhotic accent, 'r' is not pronounced unless it's followed by a vowel sound.
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Relation between tension and length in vowels. start learning
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Tense vowels are usually longer, Lax vowels are shorter.
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discuss the absolute and relative vowel length start learning
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absolute violent refers to the inherent duration of a vowel sound irrespective of its phonetics context while relative vowel length considers the influence of surrounding sounds on vowel's duration.
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What criteria should be taken into account in the classification of vowels? start learning
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TONGUE HEIGHT - hi, mid low TONGUE POSITION - front, center, back LIP ROUNDING - rounded or unrounded TENSENESS - tense or lax LENGTH - short or long
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How would you teach the pronunciation of /i:/ and /i/ to a Polish person? start learning
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Avoid using polish 'i', ephasize the length and tension differences
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Pronounciation of /e/ and /æ/ start learning
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Don't use e-a, a-e, emphasize low-front tongue position and open jaw.
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Pronounciation of /Λ/ and /a:/ start learning
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central tongue position, relaxed lips for Λ, low-back tongue position and longer duration for /a:/. dont use polish A
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Difference between/o/ and /o:/ start learning
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O mid-back tongue position and rounded lips, for o: high tongue position and longer duration
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Why is schwa /ə/ the most frequently used sound in English. Why is it difficult for Poles? start learning
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The schwa /ə/ is the most common vowel sound in English because it occurs in many unstressed syllables. Polish speakers might find the schwa difficult because polish vowels are typically more distinct and are not reduced in unstressed syllables
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Distinction between lenis and fortis importance start learning
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the distinction between Lenis (voiced) and Fortis (voiceless) consonants is crucial for Polish Learners of English because it affects the meaning and intelligibility of words
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What are the rules for the voicing of final consonants in Polish and English? provide examples start learning
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In English final consonants can be voiced or voiceless less depending on the word and this distinction can change the meaning. In Polish final obstruents are usually devoiced, meaning a voiced consonant at the end of a word becomes voiceless
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start learning
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Aspiration is a burst of breath that accompanies the release of certain consonant sounds, particularly voiceless plosives
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start learning
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Why do we use aspiration? start learning
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Aspiration helps to distinguish between voiceless and voiced plosive consonants
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Pronounciation of '-ed' ending in verbs start learning
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1. /t/ after voiceless consonants 2. /d/ after voiced consonants 3. /|d/ or /ed/ after /t/ or /d/
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Fricative manner of articulation start learning
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Forcing the air through a narrow constriction in the vocal tract
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