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Question		Answer
pragmatics start learning		what people mean by their utterances rather than what the words or phrases mean by themselves; it is linked with discourse analysis
context start learning		the circumstances and the audience or the public; it is the discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation
types of contexts start learning		linguistic and physical
linguistics context start learning		a set of other words used in the same phrase or context
physical context start learning		interpretation based on the physical environment in which the meaning is interpreted
invisible meaning start learning		meaning that is hidden behind the meanings of words and the meanings of sentences out of context
deixis start learning		specifying functions of words
deictic expressions start learning		expressions which cannot be interpreted without reference to physical context; they include person deixis and social deixis
person deixis start learning		I: the speaker, you: the addressee, he/she/it: neither the speaker or addressee
social diexis start learning		refers to the social status of participants(honorific forms)
place/spatial deixis start learning		here there this that - indicate physical distance from the speaker
time dexis/temporal start learning		now then - used to describe location in time
reference start learning		an act in which speaker or a writer uses linguistic forms to enable a listener or reader to identify something (words themselves do not refer to anything, people do!!!)
referring expressions start learning		linguistic forms like proper nouns, definite or indefinite noun phrases and pronouns
inference start learning		its role in communication is to allow the listener to identify correctly which particular entity the speaker is referring to
anaphora start learning		„reffering back”, it is realized by expressions used to mantain reference to something or someone already mentioned (the boy-he) - the boy is called antecedent in this relationship
cataphora start learning		„referring forward”, (if you need one, there is a towel there)
presupposition start learning		the knowledge the speaker assumes the listener has; we take certain things for granted to communicate new things
speech acts start learning		are groups of utterances with a single interactional function
linguistics form and functions start learning		imperative mood (commands), indicative mood (statements), interrogative mood (questions)
felicity (happiness) conditions start learning		speakers do the interpreting in very specific condictions which are conducive(sprzyjajace) to appropriate interpretations of speech acts, this conditions are called
politeness start learning		an intention to be polite and not hurt someone’s face
face start learning		one’s self-image which may be threatened or saved in language interaction by face-threatening or face-saving acts

pragmatics

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