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Question		Answer
an amount of money paid to someone according to the value of goods, shares, bounds, etc. they have sold start learning		commission
an official organization ensures that the law is obeyed in a particular activity start learning		commission
a product that can be sold to make a profit, especially one in its basic form before it has been used or changed in the industrial process. examples of commodities are farm products and metals start learning		commodity
an amount paid to someone because they have been harmed or hurt start learning		compensation
the total amount of paid and all the over advantages, such as the stock options, that are offered to a company’s important managers start learning		compensation package
used to describe situations or behavior in which businesses are trying very hard to be more successful than others, for example by selling their goods or services more cheaply than others start learning		competitive
if a process is competitive, people have to compete with each other and those who do best will be successful start learning		competitive
an advantage that makes a company more able to succeed in competing with others start learning		competitive advantage
-a large business organization consisting of several different companies that have joined together start learning		conglomerate
consensual agreements, plans or actions are ones in which all the people involved agree with what is being done start learning		consensual
agreement among a group of people start learning		consensus
a person who buys good, products and services for their own use, not for business use or to resell start learning		consumer
goods bought by people for their own use, rather than by businesses and organizations start learning		consumer goods
a formal written agreement between two or more people or groups which says what each must do for the others, or must not do start learning		contract
if someone has control of a company, they own more than half its shares, or enough shares to be able to decide how the company is managed start learning		control
an action taken to make sure that something does not increase too much start learning		control
to own more than half the shares of a company, or enough shares to decide how the company should be managed start learning		control
a bond that can be repaid by a company in the form of shares in the company start learning		convertible bond
relating to a company, usually a large one, or business in general start learning		corporate
c1. an arrangement with a bank for a loan, or bank leading in general start learning		credit
an arrangement with a shop, supplier, etc. to buy something now and pay for it later start learning		credit
when borrowing money becomes difficult banks are forced to reduce the amount they land start learning		credit crunch
a person or business to whom another person or business owes money start learning		creditor
a bad effect on sth that makes it weaker or less successful start learning		damage
. to cause physical harm to sth start learning		damage
To have a bad effect on sth in a way that makes it weaker or less successful start learning		damage
– money that a court orders someone to pay to someone else for harming them or their property, or causing them financial loss start learning		damages
a date or time by which you have to do or to complete sth start learning		deadline
the state of owing money start learning		debt
money that one person, organization, country etc. owes to another start learning		debt
capital borrowed by a business or government organization on which it pays interest start learning		debt
a person, organization or country that owes money start learning		debtor
to make someone believe sth that is not true in order to get what you want start learning		deceive
if sales, profits, production, etc. decline, they become less start learning		decline
when sales, profits, production, etc. become less start learning		decline
to fail to pay money that you owe at the right time start learning		default
the act or process of bringing goods, letters, etc. to a particular place or person start learning		delivery
The total amount of a type of goods or services that people or companies buy in a particular period of time start learning		demand
– to remove or reduce the number of government controls on a particular business activity, done to make companies work more effectively and to increase competition start learning		deregulate
to give work, responsibility or power to someone at a lower or more local level start learning		devolve
The total amount of a type of goods or services that people or companies would buy if they were available start learning		demand
when a company differentiates its products, it shows how they are different from each other and from competing products, for example in its advertising. This is done to show buyers the advantages of one product over another. start learning		differentiate
care that someone in a position of responsibility takes with their work start learning		diligence
a reduction in the cost of goods or services in relation to the normal cost start learning		discount
the actions involved in making goods available to customers after they have been produced, for example moving, storing and selling the goods start learning		distribution
a person or business responsible for making goods available to customers after they have been produced, either one that sells directly to the public or one that sells to shop, etc. start learning		distributor
If a company or economy diversifies, it increases the range of goods or services it produces start learning		diversity
To start to put your money into different types of investments in addition to the investments you already have, diversification start learning		diversity
if a company divests assets, it sells them, for example because it needs cash for another activity or to repay debts start learning		divest
a payment of a part of a company’s profits to its shareholders start learning		dividend
A part of the profits of a company for a particular period of time that is paid to shareholders for each share that they own start learning		dividend
the country you live in or where a company is based, seen as a place where goods or services can be sold start learning		domestic market
the part of the economic cycle when prices of the value of stocks, shares, etc. fall start learning		downturn
a document or piece of writing that has to be checked and possibly changed, and so is not yet in its finished form start learning		draft
to be paid money for the work you do start learning		earn
the profit that a company makes in a particular period of time, or the total profits that companies make in a particular industry or economy in a particular period of times start learning		earnings
if a person, company or country has an edge over others, they are more successful, profitable, etc. because they have an advantage that the others do not have start learning		edge
Countries, especially those in Asia, Africa and South America that are just starting to have influence or power in trade, finance, etc. start learning		emerging
to give a person or an organization the power of the legal right to do sth start learning		empower
In an early state of development start learning		emerging
to give a person or an organization the power of the legal right to do sth start learning		empower
when workers in a company are given more responsibility by being allowed to organise their own work, make decisions without asking their managers, etc. start learning		empowerment
someone who starts a company, arranges business deals and takes risks in order to make a profit; entrepreneurial start learning		entrepreneur
the capital that a company has from shares rather than from loans start learning		equity
when a company or organization owns shares in a company start learning		equity stake
to go beyond an official an official or legal limit start learning		exceed
the activity of buying and selling currencies start learning		exchange
the price at which one currency can be bought with another start learning		exchange rate
to become larger in size, amount or number, or to make sth larger in size, amount or number start learning		expand
. If an economy, industry or business activity expands, it gets bigger or more successful start learning		expand
when an industry or company becomes bigger or more successful start learning		expansion
a system in which two countries which are trading partners agree not to charge import taxes on particular goods they buy from each other start learning		fair trade
if arrangements for work are flexible, employers can ask workers to do different jobs, work part-time rather than full-time, give them contracts for short periods of time, etc. flexible working also includes flexitime, job-sharing and teleworking. start learning		flexible
an additional advantage or service given with a job besides wages. pensions, company cars and loans at low rates of interest are examples of fringe benefits start learning		fringe benefit
if prices, income, rates, etc. fluctuate, they change, increasing or falling often or regularly. start learning		fluctuate
money that a person or organization has available start learning		fund
a company whose activity is putting money from investors into a particular type of investment or a range of investments, or an amount of money invested in this way start learning		fund
the activity of obtaining money for investment start learning		fundraising
the idea that companies should think globally, but use methods in each particular place that are suited to it start learning		glocalisation
the tendency for the world economy to work as one unit, led by large international companies doing business all over the world. start learning		globalisation
a payment made to senior members of a business as a reward for hard work start learning		goodwill payment
an increase in size, amount or degree start learning		growth
to find a manager with the right skills and experience to do a particular job, often by persuading a suitable person to leave their present job; headhunter, headhunting start learning		headhunt
the head office or main building of an organisation start learning		headquarters
to agree to give someone a permanent job start learning		hire
to employ a person or an organisation for a short time to do a particular job for you start learning		hire
an arrangement by which someone borrows sth for a period of time in exchange for money start learning		hire
a quantity of shares held in a company by a particular shareholder start learning		holding
services such as food and drink that an organisation provides for quests at a special event start learning		hospitality
hostile bid or takeover is one in which a company tries to buy another company whose shareholders do not want to sell start learning		hostile
sth which is used to encourage people to do sth, especially to make them work harder, produce more or spend more money start learning		incentive
money that a company makes from its activities, after taking away some costs. companies calculate their income in different ways according to the accounting system they use and the type of business they are in start learning		income
. money that you earn from your job or that you receive from investments start learning		income
regular amounts of money coming into a company or organisation from a particular activity or source, especially over a long period of time start learning		income stream
one of a series of regular payments that are made until all of an agreed amount has been paid start learning		instalment
. an amount paid by a borrower to a lender, for example to a bank by someone borrowing money for a loan or by a bank to a depositor start learning		interest
shares that you own in a company, or a part of a company that a person or organisation owns start learning		interest
the percentage rate used for calculating interest over a particular period of time, usually one year start learning		interest rate
to buy shares, bonds, property, etc. in order to make a profit start learning		invest
to spend money on things that will make a business more successful and profitable start learning		invest
when money is put into a business in order to make it more successful and profitable, or the money that is put into a business start learning		investment
an amount of money that you invest start learning		investment
a person or organisation that invests money in order to make a profit start learning		investor
to risk losing or harming sth start learning		jeopardise
when people lose their jobs start learning		job loss

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