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Question English Answer English
bear a resemblance to
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look like
loosen up
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to stop worrying and become more relaxed, or to make someone do this
take great strides towards
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make an improvement in a situation or in the development of something
initiate
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to arrange for something important to start, such as an official process or a new plan
invaluable
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extremely useful
preliminary
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happening before something that is more important, often in order to prepare for it
emanate from
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to come from or out of something
communal
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shared by a group of people or animals, especially a group who live together
nuisance
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a person, thing, or situation that annoys you or causes problems
setting
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the place where something is or where something happens, and the general environment
distinctive
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having a special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognize
allot
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to use a particular amount of time for something, or give a particular share of money, space etc to someone or something
relegate
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to give someone or something a less important position than before
ritual
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something that you do regularly and in the same way each time
slump
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to fall or lean against something because you are not strong enough to stand
wander off
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to walk away from where you are supposed to stay
variation
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a difference between similar things, or a change from the usual amount or form of something
stifle
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to stop a feeling from being expressed
twist
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an unexpected feature or change in a situation or series of events
hectic
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very busy or full of activity
confront
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if a problem, difficulty etc confronts you, it appears and needs to be dealt with
conversely
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used when one situation is the opposite of another
slumber
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to sleep
nod off
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to begin to sleep, usually when you do not intend to and are sitting somewhere
twist
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an unexpected feature or change in a situation or series of events
sidelines
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not taking part in an activity even though you want to or should do
wakefulness
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not sleeping or unable to sleep
recline
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to lie or lean back in a relaxed way
springy
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something that is springy is soft and comes back to its normal shape after being pressed or walked on
bedding
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sheets, covers etc that you put on a bed
equate
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to consider that two things are similar or connected
rouse
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to wake someone who is sleeping deeply
rebellion
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when someone opposes or fights against people in authority or ideas which they do not agree with
disordered
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if someone is mentally disordered, their mind is not working in a normal and healthy way
crucial
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something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it
preferable
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better or more suitable
sensory
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relating to or using your senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch
overload
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to put too many things or people on or into something
doze
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to sleep lightly for a short time
kip
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to sleep somewhere, especially somewhere that is not your home
nap
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to sleep for a short time during the day
snooze
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to sleep lightly for a short time
crash out
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to go to bed, or go to sleep very quickly, because you are very tired
heated discussion
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an argument etc that is full of angry and excited feelings
drift off
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to gradually fall asleep
drop off
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to begin to sleep
nod off
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to begin to sleep, usually when you do not intend to and are sitting somewhere
make the case for
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give a set of reasons why something should happen or be done
hang on to
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to keep something
as and when
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from time to time
by and large
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used when making a general statement
off and on
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for short periods but not regularly, over a long period of time
part and parcel
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to be a necessary feature of something
through thick and thin
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in spite of any difficulties or problems
touch and go
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uncertain
intake
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the amount of food, drink etc that you take into your body
onset
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the beginning of something, especially something bad
back-up
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people or things that can be used to provide support and help if they are needed
setback
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a problem that delays or prevents progress, or makes things worse than they were
grin and bear it
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to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation without complaining, usually because you realize there is nothing you can do to make it better
baffle
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if something baffles you, you cannot understand or explain it at all
show off
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to try to make people admire your abilities, achievements, or possessions – used to show disapproval
make a fuss
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to complain or become angry about something, especially when this is not necessary
play something down
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to try to make something seem less important or less likely than it really is
get on one's nerves
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if someone gets on your nerves, they annoy you, especially by doing something all the time
come out and say
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be honest and explain clearly
know where you are
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know what the person is feeling
toe the line
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to do what other people in a job or organization say you should do, whether you agree with them or not
conventional
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a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type
vitality
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great energy and eagerness to do things
immaculate
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very clean and tidy
melting pot
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a place where people from different races, countries, or social classes come to live together
social norm
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the usual or normal situation, way of doing something in a society
apologetic
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showing or saying that you are sorry that something has happened, especially because you feel guilty or embarrassed about it
be put out
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annoyed and upset
outfits
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a set of clothes worn together, especially for a special occasion
straightforward
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simple and easy to understand
tattoo
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a picture or writing that is permanently marked on your skin using a needle and ink
activist
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someone who works hard doing practical things to achieve social or political change
infrastructure
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the basic systems and structures that a country or organization needs in order to work properly, for example roads, railways, banks etc
mobility
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the ability to move easily
come up with
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think of
cycle rack
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a frame where you can store a bicycle
be dotted around
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if an area is dotted with things, there are a lot of them there but they are spread far apart
jump on the bandwagon
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to start doing or saying something that a lot of people are already doing or saying - used to show disapproval
guerrilla
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a member of a small unofficial military group that fights in small groups
slogan
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a short phrase that is easy to remember and is used in advertisements, or by politicians, organizations etc
chuck
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to throw something in a careless or relaxed way
enforce
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to make people obey a rule or law
creep around
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to move in a quiet, careful way, especially to avoid attracting attention
cash in on
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to make a profit from a situation in a way that other people think is wrong or unfair
stuff
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used when talking about different activities, subjects, or ideas, when you do not say exactly what these are:
aggressive
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behaving in an angry threatening way, as if you want to fight or attack someone
homelessness
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without a home
be bothered with
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be bothered with in English
if you are not bothered with something, it is not important to you
empower
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to give someone more control over their own life or situation
distribute
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to share things among a group of people, especially in a planned way
graffiti
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rude, humorous, or political writing and pictures on the walls of buildings, trains etc
petition
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a written request signed by a lot of people, asking someone in authority to do something or change something
make someone back down
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make someone admit that they are wrong or that they have lost an argument
have your say on
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have an opportunity to speak and give your opinion
traffic congestion
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very heavy traffic and traffic jams
well-briefed
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given all the information you need
credible candidate
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a candidate that deserves to be trusted/believed
utmost importance
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the greatest possible importance
debatable
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things that are debatable are not certain because people have different opinions about them
(idea) take off
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to suddenly start being successful
far afield
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far away, especially from home
catch on
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to become popular and fashionable

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