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Question English Answer English
value
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the amount of money that something is worth value of
principle
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a moral rule or belief about what is right and wrong, that influences how you behave
former period
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a period happening or existing before, but not now
agitation
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poruszenie - public argument or action for social or political change
juncture
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połączenie - a particular point in an activity or period of time
dazzling
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olśniewający - very impressive and attractive
in perpetuity
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forever
interference
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zakłócenia - obstruction
proprietor
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an owner of a business
sole
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only
instinctive
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based on instinct and not involving thought
conceptualise
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określić - to form an idea
urgent
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pilny - very important and needing to be dealt with immediately
insurrection
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bunt - rebellion
mired
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uwikłany - stuck in a bad situation and unable to get out or make progress
riot
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rozróba - a situation in which a large crowd of people are behaving in a violent and uncontrolled way, especially when they are protesting about something
handloom
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krosno ręczne - a small machine for weaving by hand
boycott
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to refuse to buy something, use something, or take part in something as a way of protesting
prosperous
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bogaty - rich and successful
MP
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member of parliament
overhaul
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przegląd - to repair or change the necessary parts in a machine, system etc that is not working correctly
rotten
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terrible
combustible
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able to bun easily
essayist
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someone who writes essays giving their ideas about politics, society etc
topsy-turvy
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in a state of complete disorder or confusion
miagistrate
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sędzia pokoju - someone, not usually a lawyer, who works as a judge in a local court of law, dealing with less serious crimes
intimidate
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to frighten or threaten someone into making them do what you want
cavalry
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the part of an army that fights on horses, especially in the past
troop
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oddział - a group of soldiers, especially on horses or in tanks
sabre
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szabla - a light pointed sword with one sharp edge used in fencing
impact
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the effect or influence that an event, situation etc has on someone or something
breakup
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the separation of a group, organization, or country into smaller parts
concerned
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involved in something or affected by it
bloodshed
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rozlew krwi - the killing of people, usually in fighting or war
thus
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as a result of something that you have just mentioned
hold to account
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To require a person to explain or to accept responsibility for his or her actions; to blame or punish someone for what has occurred.
relentless
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niepowstrzymany - strict, cruel, or determined, without ever stopping
agitate
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poruszać - to argue strongly in public for something you want, especially a political or social change
devote
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dedicate
enlightenment
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oświecenie - when you understand something clearly, or when you help someone do this
prevail
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dominować - if a belief, custom, situation etc prevails, it exists among a group of people at a certain time
manifesto
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a written statement by a political party, saying what they believe in and what they intend to do
immense
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enormous
utmost
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największe, najawyższe
beneficial
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zbawienny - having a good effect
articulate
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to express your ideas or feelings in words
wholly
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completely
starved
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sed to describe organizations or industries that have very little cash, credit etc
sublime
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patetyczny - something that is sublime is so good or beautiful that it affects you deeply
surpass
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to be even better or greater than someone or something else
complacency
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samozadowolenie - a feeling of satisfaction with a situation or with what you have achieved, so that you stop trying to improve or change things – used to show disapproval
commitment
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a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way
contentious
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controversial
rampant
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szalony, wybujały - if something bad, such as crime or disease, is rampant, there is a lot of it and it is very difficult to control
jingoism
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nationalism
traitor
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someone who is not loyal to their country, friends, or beliefs
concentration camp
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a prison where political prisoners and other people who are not soldiers are kept and treated cruelly, especially during a war
be on the verge of something
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być na skraju - to be at the point where something is about to happen
brass band
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a band consisting mostly of brass musical instruments such as trumpets, horns etc
mournful
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very sad
couragerous
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very brave
misstep
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a mistake, especially one that is caused by not understanding a situation correctly
disparage
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ubliżać - to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not think they are very good or important
be loath to do smth
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to be unwilling to do something
in the midst of something
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if you are in the midst of an event or situation, it is happening around you
decree
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dekret - an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a country
courage
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bravery
fairness
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the quality of being fair
conviction
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a very strong belief or opinion
exemplify
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to be a very typical example of something
enshrine
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if something such as a tradition or right is enshrined in something, it is preserved and protected so that people will remember and respect it
sibling
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brother or sister
enduring
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continuing for a very long time
uphold
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to defend or support a law, system, or principle so that it continues to exist
egalitarian
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based on the belief that everyone is equal and should have equal rights
top-down
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a top-down way of organizing a business is one in which the most important people make decisions and tell the people below them what they should do
utopia
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an imaginary perfect world where everyone is happy
misogynist
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a man who hates women
vast
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huge
binge
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a short period when you do too much of something, such as eating or drinking
revenue
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income
churn something out
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to produce large quantities of something, especially without caring about quality
malevolent
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a malevolent person wants to harm other people
plume
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a cloud of smoke, dust etc which rises up into the air
remarkable
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unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise
blip
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a short high electronic sound, or a flashing light on the screen of a piece of electronic equipment
contempt
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pogarda - a feeling that someone or something is not important and deserves no respect
outrage
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a feeling of great anger and shock
collectively
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as a group
worsen
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to become worse, or make something worse
lag
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to move or develop more slowly than others
adverse
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not good or favourable
inevitably
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nieuchronnie - used for saying that something is certain to happen and cannot be avoided
privilege
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a special advantage that is given only to one person or group of people
forewarn
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to warn someone about something dangerous, unpleasant, or unexpected before it happens
distant from smth
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different from something or not closely connected with it
necessity
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something that you need to have in order to live
anxious
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worried about something
precipitate
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haste
upheaval
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przewrót - a very big change that often causes problems
unstustainable
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unable to continue at the same rate or in the same way
vilify
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szkalować - to say or write bad things about someone or something
backlash
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a strong negative reaction by a number of people against recent events, especially against political or social developments
resentment
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rozgoryczenie - a feeling of anger because something has happened that you think is unfair
decent
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of a good enough standard or quality
atomize
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to divide something so that it is no longer whole or united
togetherness
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the pleasant feeling you have when you are part of a group of people who have a close relationship with each other
gig economy
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In a gig economy, temporary, flexible jobs are commonplace and companies tend toward hiring independent contractors and freelancers instead of full-time employees.
fertile
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żyzny - fertile land or soil is able to produce good crops
foster
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promote
amid
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while noisy, busy, or confused events are happening – used in writing or news reports
contextualise
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rozpatrzeć w szerszym kontekście - to consider something together with the situation, events, or information related to it, rather than alone
despair
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a feeling that you have no hope at all
escapism
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activities or entertainment that help you forget about bad or boring things for a short time
to bury
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to put something under the ground, often in order to hide it
torn down
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zburzyć - to demolish
fossil fuel
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paliwo kopalne - a fuel such as coal or oil that is produced by the very gradual decaying of animals or plants over millions of years
encrypt
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to protect information by putting it into a special code that only some people can read, especially information that is on a computer
merely
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only
embrace
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hug
tumultuous
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full of activity, confusion, or violence
nuance
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a very slight, hardly noticeable difference in manner, colour, meaning etc
certainty
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pewność - the state of being completely certain
neglect
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zaniedbanie - to fail to look after someone or something properly
ballot box
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a box that ballot papers are put in after voting
life-affirming
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making you feel good about life and the world generally
rigorous
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careful, thorough, and exact
bias
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an opinion about whether a person, group, or idea is good or bad that influences how you deal with it
underpin
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to give strength or support to something and to help it succeed
grapple with smth
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to try hard to deal with or understand something difficult

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