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Question		Answer
marketing mix start learning		product, price, place, promotion, packaging, people
PEST start learning		political, economic, social, technological
the contents start learning		zawartosc
handling start learning		przeladunek
to contribute start learning		wspomóc, przyczyniać sie
ease-of-use start learning		łatwe w uzyciu
environmentally-friendly start learning		eko
competitive advantage start learning		przewaga konkurencyjna
pre-sales and after-sales staff start learning		contact with the customer
total product offer start learning		reinforce the diversity of elements that make up the product
to reinforce start learning		zwiększyć, wzmocnic
make up start learning		tworzyc
(good) value-for-money start learning		the relationship between quality and price / good mean cheap - can have a negative connotation
the guarantee start learning		warranty gwarancja
market research start learning		badania rynku
secondary data start learning		already available information
broken down start learning		rozpadający sie
trade associations start learning		industry trade group
primary data start learning		data collected for the first time
quantitative information start learning		representative sample of people/ factual and numerical
qualitative information start learning		focus groups, face-to-face interviews / opinions and attitudes
benchmarking start learning		looking at the activity of competitors
ethnography start learning		people's behavior in natural environments
pre-defined start learning		wcześniej ustalony
B2b start learning		business-to-business
b2c start learning		business-to-consumer aimed at end-users
aimed at start learning		nakierowany na
b2g start learning		business-to-government
mass market start learning		rynek masowy
4 Basic methods of segmenting a market start learning		product-related, demographic, psychographic, geographical
product-related start learning		comfort, safety, luxury, value-for-money, convenience, durability
demographic start learning		age, gender, education, family life cycle, income, occupation
psychographic start learning		attitudes, lifestyle, opinions, values, self-image
geographical start learning		region, post code
benefits start learning		from the customer's point of view / advantages for the customer
features start learning		from a purely product design point of view
registered trademark start learning		a name or symbol that has legal protection
connotation start learning		logika
pricing methods start learning		cost-based pricing, breakeven analysis
mark-up start learning		the % added to the cost
breakeven volume start learning		the sales volume at which the product starts to make a profit
base cost start learning		podstawowy koszt
3 stages od brand loyalty start learning		awareness=recognition, preference, insistence
to insist start learning		nalegać, upierać się
reverse engineer start learning		rozłożyć na czynniki pierwsze
product line start learning		group of related products, physically similar, intended for the same market
product mix / product range start learning		assortment of product lines and individual offerings
product life cycle start learning		introduction, growth, maturity, decline
committed to start learning		dedicated / poświęcony
artificially start learning		sztucznie
profitability start learning		maximizing revenue, minimizing costs
a few start learning		kilku
few start learning		niewielu
skimming price strategy start learning		a high price for early adopters
reaching a saturation start learning		osiągają nasycenie
alliances start learning		sojusze
downturn start learning		spadek, schyłek
withdrawn from the market start learning		be force out of / wycofany z rynku
differentiate product start learning		różnicować produkt
to spot start learning		wychwycić, wypatrzeć
USP start learning		unique selling point
quotation start learning		wycena / oferta cenowa
breakthrough start learning		przelom
fair trade lobbies start learning		uczciwa konkurencja kampanii
bring out start learning		introduce, launch
exorbitant start learning		high, inflated
agree on/to start learning		arrive at, establish, set, worki out
sluggish start learning		niemrawy / flat - nieciekawy, nijaki
niche start learning		specialist
b2b industrial products start learning		installations: major capital items, heavy equipment
component parts start learning		eg batteries purchased by an automaker
farm start learning		hodowlany, rolne
wheat start learning		pszenica
steel start learning		stal
supplies start learning		expense items, not part of the final product / copy paper
6 pricing strategy start learning		profitability, market share, matching the market leaders, prestige pricing, identifying the correct price point, social objectives
return on investment start learning		stopa zwrotu
matching the leaders start learning		dorównać konkurencji
to emphasize start learning		podkreślić, eksponować
exclusivity start learning		ekskluzywność, wyłączność
consumer staples start learning		Basic products
utilities start learning		narzędzia, akcesoria
objective start learning		cel
distribution start learning		getting right products to the customer at the right time
warehousing, storage start learning		magazynowanie
distribution channel start learning		wholesaler, retailer, Direct to customer
retail outlet start learning		sklep
order fulfilment start learning		realizacja zamówienia / making sure that the customer gets the right goods at the right time
small family-owned stores start learning		ame mom and pop stores
large shopping centres start learning		ame malls
car park start learning		ame parking lot
the promotional mix start learning		sales promotions, personal selling, advertising, pr, events, sponsorship, endorsements, trade promotions to retailers, other: product placement, word-of-mouth, viral marketing
sales promotions start learning		10% off, bonus, coupons to cut out, free samples, in-store displays, contests
personal selling start learning		sales, face-to-face communication between salesperson and customer
8 stages of personal selling start learning		prospecting, approach, presentation, demonstration, answering objectiions, closing, follow-up, long-term relationship
to stress/ to emphasize start learning		podkreslac
to restate start learning		przedstawić ponownie
a prospect start learning		potencial customer / perspektywa, szansa
follow-up start learning		dalszy, kontrolny, potwierdzający
to reassure start learning		zapewnić, uspokoić, podbudować
medium/ media start learning		pojedyncza i mnoga
billboard start learning		ame hoarding
flyers start learning		ulotki
publicity start learning		reklama, rozgłos / information that makes people notice a company
press release start learning		komunikat prasowy
hold press conferences start learning		organizować prasowe konferencje
endorsements start learning		rekomendacje od celebrytow
trade promotions to retailers start learning		give more space/visibility to existing products, financial incentives to stock a new product
aisle start learning		alejka
word-of-mouth start learning		personal recommendations
viral marketing start learning		online through social networking websites
guerrilla marketing start learning		unconventional techniques
cross-selling start learning		sprzedaż produktów dodatkowych
7 building customer relationship start learning		building a brand identity, frequency programs, forming communities, affinity marketing, individualized advertising, co-marketing, CRM software
affinity start learning		pokrewienstwo
CRM system start learning		customer relationship management
intermediary start learning		middleman
inventory control start learning		inwentaryzacja
repair issues start learning		naprawa
transportation start learning		synonym shipping - not only refer to ships
to conclude a deal start learning		zawierać umowe
trade shows start learning		trade fairs - targi / exhibitions
store retailing start learning		specialty store, convenience store, discount store, supermarket, departament store
upmarket/ upscale start learning		wealthy customers ame upscale
non-store retailing start learning		direct-response retailing, internet retailing, automatic merchandising, direct selling
storefronts start learning		witryny sklepowe
vending machine start learning		automat
sales volume start learning		wielkość sprzedazy
economies of scale start learning		increasing production and lowering the costs
discountinued start learning		zakończony
high skim pricing / market skimming start learning		setting a high price for the new product, to make maximum revenue before competing products appear on the market
innovators / early adopters start learning		educating potencjał customers
product differentiation start learning		maliny a product different from similar product offered by other sellers
market segmentation start learning		dividing a market info distinct groups od buyer WHO have different requirements or buying habits
price elasticity start learning		the extent to which demand or supply of a product responds to changes of price
market penetration start learning		the strategy of setting a low price to try to sell a large volume and increase market share
brief start learning		the statement of objectives that a client works out with an advertising agency
the comparative-parity method start learning		choosing to spend the same amount on advertising as one's competitors
retail outlet start learning		the place where goods are sold to customers
prospect start learning		potencial customer
billboard start learning		hoarding british
repeat purchases start learning		ponowne zakupy
merchandising start learning		the process of selling products connected with a. popular film, person or event / ame selling goods also on general
the latter start learning		drugi
coverage start learning		zasieg / how widely information is distributed
span start learning		rozpiętość
exposure start learning		wystawienie, narażenie
junk start learning		not wanted, not healthy
eyeballs start learning		internet term reffering to those occasions when someone looks at sth
4 stages of logistics start learning		inbound logistics, material handling, outbound logistics, reverse logistics
on the premise start learning		na terenie
inbound logistics start learning		zaopatrzeniowa / bringing raw materials, packaging et. from suppliers to producers
material handling start learning		the movement od goods within the warehouse, from the warehouse to the factory floor, and from the factory floor to the various workstations
outbound logistics start learning		manages the flow of finished products through intermeemdiaries to the final customer
reverse logistics start learning		involves bringing goods back to the premises od the original manufacturer because od defects or other customer returns
trailer start learning		przyczepa (on trucks)
incoterms start learning		international commercial terms
three incoterms start learning		ex-works, fob, cif
ex-works start learning		z fabryki / the buyer picks up the good at seller 's premises and arranges all the transport and insurance
fob start learning		free on board / the sellers delivers the goods onto the shop at a named port, from here all responsibility (including the sea journey) passes to the buyer
cif start learning		cost insurance freight / the seller has responsibility to a named port od destination, and so pays for the cost and risk of the journey as well
marketing strategy start learning		analysis of the wider business environments, identification and analysis of target markets for new products, sales goals, marketing budget, market mix
origin start learning		zaczątek, pochodzenie
sales force start learning		sales personel, Staff, team
launch a product start learning		to introduce new product
make up a product start learning		tworzyć produkt
infringe the copyrights start learning		naruszyć prawa autorskie
to level up start learning		osiagac
ROI start learning		return on investment
sell AT a low price start learning		sprzedać za mała cene
economies of scale start learning		ekonomia skali
hobs start learning		płyta grzewcza
customer staples start learning		Basic products
4c start learning		customer value, costs, communication, convenience
white goods start learning		sprzęt Agd
straight away start learning		od razu, z miejsca
a facelift start learning		minor cosmetic changes
blame start learning		wina
stale start learning		przeterminowany, czerstwy, nieswiezy
opt in start learning		wlaczyc
third party start learning		firma zewnetrzna
free standing start learning		wolnostojace
built-in / fitted start learning		zabudowane
drum start learning		beben
motor start learning		silnik, motor
working my way up start learning		awansowac
work in start learning		gdzie pracować, w jakiej dzialce
distribution channel start learning		moving goods or services from producers to customers
wholesaler start learning		an intermediary that stocks manufacturer's goods or merchandiser and sells IT to retailers and professional buyers
market segmentation start learning		dividing a market distinct groups od buyers WHO have different requirements or buying habits
product differentiation start learning		making a product (appear to be) different from similar products offered by other sellers by product differences, advertising, packaging
market opportunities start learning		possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors on which a company can profitably produce goods or services
market skimming start learning		setting a high price for a new product to make max revenue before competing product appears on the market
sales representative start learning		SB WHO contacts existing and potencial customers and tries to pursuade them to buy goods
product features start learning		the attributes or characteristics of a product,. such as size, shape, quality, price, reliability
price elasticity start learning		the extent to which supply or demand od a product responds to changes of price
market penetration start learning		the strategy od setting low price to try to sell a large volume and increase market sharr
work out with start learning		wspolpracowac
p2p start learning		peer-to-peer
6 origin of new product ideas start learning		market research, pre-sales and after-sales Staff listening to customers, customers making Direct suggestions, competitor activity, the r+D departament, external changes in the market
expense start learning		wydatek
receipts start learning		purchasing documents, bill
journals start learning		entries recorded on accounting
ledgers start learning		księga glowna
posted start learning		transferred - ksiegowane
trial balance start learning		the summary of the ledger information to check whether the figures are accurate
financial statement start learning		sprawozdanie finansowe
income statement start learning		the profit and loss account, the P&L
sign off on the accounts start learning		officially declare the accounts are correct
to sign off start learning		skwitować, skonczyc
lenders start learning		pożyczkodawcy, kredytodawcy
sales start learning		revenue
to deduct start learning		to subtract / odliczac, odejmowac
assets = start learning		liabilities + shareholders' equity
asset start learning		anything of value owned by a business
liability start learning		aby amount owed to a creditor
shareholders' equity start learning		owners' equity, share capital + retained profit (reserves)
share capital start learning		(commin stock AME) representing the original investment in the business when shares were first issued; or amount raised at initial flotation on the stock market
reserves start learning		any retained profit that has accumulated over time
listed assets start learning		how easily thecan be turned into cash, current assets being more liquid than fixed assets
listed liabilities start learning		how quickly creditors have to be paid, current liabilities being paid before long-term liabilities
working capital start learning		the amount by which the former (current assets) exceeds the latter (current liabilities)
freely start learning		swobodnie
cash receipts start learning		wpływy gotówkowe
cash payments start learning		płatności gotówkowe
cash flow statement start learning		shows the real cash that is available to keep the business running day to day, there are mamy sophisticated techniques that accountants can use to manipulate profit, whereas cash is real money
problem with cash flows (4) start learning		unexpected late payments, non-payments (bad debts), unforeseen costs - a larger than expected tax Bill, a Strike, an unexpected drop in demand, investing top much in fixed assets
bad debts start learning		non-payments
unforeseen costs start learning		niespodziewane koszty, larger than expected
drop in demand start learning		spadek popytu
solutions to drop in cash flow statement (5) start learning		credit Control, stock Control, expenditure Control, a sales promotions to generate cash quickly, using an outside company to recover bad debts (factoring)
credit control start learning		chasing overdue accounts
stock control start learning		keeping low levels of stock, minimizing work-in-progress, delivering to customers more quickly
expenditure control start learning		delaying spending on capital equipment
expenditure start learning		wydatki, nakłady, rozchód
CFO start learning		Chief Financial Officer
financial controller start learning		planning- preparing forecats and budgets, monitoring- comparing planned spending with actual spending, producing financial data for the senior management teams, analysing major investment decisions
treasurer start learning		managing cash flow, raising new funds
chief Accounting officer start learning		keeping the company's books, preparing financial statements, preparing tax returns, developing strategies to minimize taxes
sources of new funds start learning		debt financing, equity financing
debt financing start learning		short term (trade credit, bank loan), long-term (issuing bonds)
equity financing start learning		reinvested earnings, sales of assets, issues of new shares
finance expansion plans start learning		plan ekspansji
over-borrowing start learning		nadmierne zaciąganie pozyczek
cost centers start learning		diacrete business unita where budgets are spent
profit centers start learning		units where profits are generated
variance analysis start learning		comparing planned costs/income with actual costs/income
costing methods start learning		metody wyceny (standard, marginal costing)
valuing assets start learning		wycena aktywów
ratio analysis (use) start learning		to analyse performance more depth, to compare companies in the same industry
ratio analysis (types) start learning		liquidity, profitability, leverage (debt), activity ratios
leverage start learning		dźwignia finansowa, the extent to which a firm relies on debt financing rather that equity financing
leverage ratios start learning		determine level of debt load that a business has incurred
revenue start learning		Incone, turnover, sales, the top line
costs of goods sold start learning		Direct costs = manufacturing costs, salaries of manual (blue-collar workers)
operating expenses start learning		indirect costs/overhead = include salaries of sales and office Staff, marketing costs, utility bills
non-operating income start learning		includes profits from investments on other companies
earnings start learning		profit, the bottom linę (retained profit)
EBITDA start learning		Earnings before interest, tax depreciation and amortisation
depreciation start learning		the loss on value of a tangible assets (eg vehicles)
amortization start learning		the loss on value of an intangible asset (eg the purchase of a licence or trademark)
interest start learning		monet paid to the bank for liana (or received from the bank for cash balances)
dividends start learning		money paid to shareholders
retained profit start learning		transferred to balance sheet where IT joins the amounts from previous days
marketable securities start learning		zbywalne papiery wartosciowe/ shares intended for disposal within one year
disposal start learning		zbycie, sprzedaż
fixtures start learning		are part of building that cannot be moved such as lights
intangible assets start learning		patents, trademarks, goodwill
goodwill start learning		reputation, contacts and expertise of companies that have been bought
overdraft start learning		temporary negative balance
accrued start learning		expenses Has been incurred, but the money is not yet paid
provisions start learning		three are amounts set aside for anticipated one-time payments that are not part of regular operations - perhaps a lawsuit or a compensation package for employees being laid off
mortgage start learning		long-term bank loan to buy a property
principal start learning		amount raised by issuing the bonds
Direct costs start learning		to emphasize costs which can be identified with one particular product
variable costs start learning		to emphasize costs which increase in proportion to any rise on output
fixed costs start learning		costs which stay the same at all levels of output on the short term
indirect costs start learning		costs which result from the whole business (rent, utilities) not aby particular products
operating costs start learning		costs resulting from the day-to-day activities od the business (product and processes)
marginal costs start learning		the costs of increasing output by one more unit
capital expenditure start learning		the costs of buying or upgrading physical assets Luke buildings and machinery
in instalments start learning		w częściach platnosci
escalating start learning		increasing, rising
bring in start learning		make, generate, earn
to jeopardize start learning		zagrozić, narazić na niebepzieczenstwo / put at risk
plough back start learning		reinvest
ballpark start learning		approximate, rough, round

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