jezykoznastwo

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Question English Answer English
bilabial & plosive
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sounds produced with both lips
morphology
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structure od words
syntax
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putting words together to create a sentence
semantics
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studying the meaning
pramatics
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analysing the context
symbols
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are conventional, dont have anything in them to indicate the creature they are representing
signs
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give examples they point to what they represent
language
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is a sustem of signs with sevetal levels of organisation
the mama theory
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language began with the easiest sylables being attached to the most significant objects
tata theory
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language derived from gestures
bow wow
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imigration of natural sounds, onomatopeia/echoism
pooh pooh
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began with interjections, instinctive emotive cries such as oh and ouch
ding dong
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mysterious correspondance between sounds and meanings, sound symbolism (small sharp high things tend to have words with high front vowels where big rough low things have round back vowels)
go heave ho
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began as rythmic chants, perchaps from grunts of heavy work (calling for assistance or cooperation by gestures)
sing song
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comes out of play, laughter, cooing, courtship, emotional mutterings. first words were long and musical rather than short grunts
hey you!
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contact theory, began with sounds signaling identity and belonging
hocus pocus
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language might have had roots in magical i religious aspects. perhaps we began by calling out to animals with magical sounds which later became their names
eureka! theory
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conciously invented
monogenisis
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language was invined just once whrn our ancestors had genetic and physioligical prioerties needed to invinte language
polygenesis
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language was invinted many times
the divine source
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in greek mythology prometeus was the one who gave humans language
the natural sounds source
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first words were imitations of natutal sounds. another idea is tgat sounfs origin of language came from cries of emotion
physiological adaptation
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humans have physical aspects that make the production of speech (teeth, lips, mouth, tounge, larynx, brain)
two major functions of language use
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1. the interactional function 2. tge transactional function-communicating knowlage, skill and information
phonology
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functions and distribution of speech words
morphemes
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the smallest linguistic elements with a meaning/grammatical function. they cant be devided

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