→ EViU | Chapters: 26-55 → Start Learning / Download MP3 Flashcards

Question		Answer
oferować dobry stosunek wartości do ceny start learning		to offer good value for money
when you may stay somewhere overnight before continuing to your destination start learning		a stopover
a bed in a cabin with other people start learning		a berth in a shared cabin \| berth = kuszetka
to escape your daily life and routines start learning		to get away from it all
wagon osobowy (w pociągu) start learning		carriage / coach [BrE] or car [AmE]
get off one train and on to another start learning		to change trains
a train which takes you directly to your destination start learning		a through train = a direct train
to travel to different places (informal) start learning		to get around (e.g. car hire is another way of getting around)
go where you want when you want start learning		to come and go as you please
if you do your own cooking during holidays start learning		a self-catering holiday
a small cottage or cabin specially built for holiday-maker start learning		a chalet
urlopowicz, wczasowicz start learning		holidaymaker [BrE] / vacationer or vacationist [AmE]
a small, relatively cheap hotel start learning		a guest house \| pensjonat, domek gościnny
similar to a pub but also offering accommodation start learning		an inn
usually breakfast and one other meal start learning		half board
all meals included start learning		full board
go where there are not many people start learning		to escape the crowds
go to places tourists don't normally go, somewhere different or unusual start learning		to get off the beaten track
extremely beautiful start learning		stunning
showing good judgement, esp. about style and quality start learning		discerning \| wymagający, wytrawny
a crowd, in a negative sense start learning		a horde
a large amount of... start learning		a wealth of...
to get back your energy start learning		to recharge
areas of land protected in order to keep safe the animals and plants that live there, often because they are rare start learning		nature reserves \| rezerwaty przyrody
are of land (collocates with large, vast, huge) start learning		a tract \| obszar, przestrzeń, połać ziemi
wzbudzający podziw, zbudzający respekt start learning		awe-inspiring
a long, pleasant walk but not too demanding start learning		a ramble [BrE] \| przechadzka, spacer
a more demanding walk, suggesting more difficult terrain start learning		a hike
a walk that usually spans over several days over wild country start learning		a trek
the business of organising holidays in a way which helps local people and does not damage the environment start learning		ecotourism
the inland areas furthest away from the sea or from borders with other countries start learning		heartland
on the edge of the sea or of a river start learning		waterfront
dry start learning		arid
tending to have a particular negative characteristic start learning		prone to
area in the north with no trees and permanently frozen ground start learning		tundra
plant life start learning		vegetation
trees that are evergreen (= in leaf all year round) and produce cones start learning		coniferous \| iglasty
szyszka start learning		cone
trees that lose their leaves in winter start learning		deciduous \| liściasty, zrzucający liście, ale też mleczny o zębie
ząb mleczny start learning		deciduous tooth
umiarkowany (o klimacie) start learning		temperate
flat grasslands in Canada and Northern US start learning		prairie \| preria, step północnoamerykański
a field planted with rice growing in water start learning		paddy field \| pole ryżowe
to take care of sth start learning		to tend sth
producing goods in large numbers start learning		manufacturing
in an important position regarding something start learning		to be at the forefront of sth
existing naturally in that place start learning		indigenous (e.g. tribes)
to make your home somewhere start learning		to settle somewhere \| osiedlić się
cold (adjective, provide synonyms) start learning		chilly, freezing, nippy
hot (adjective, about weather, provide synonyms) start learning		boiling, sweltering, roasting
windy (adjective, provide synonyms) start learning		blowy, breezy
what does a climate of distrust mean? start learning		a general situation of distrust
to cloud something start learning		to confuse something (e.g. to cloud one's judgement)
mgliste wspomnienie start learning		a hazy memory
1. existing at a particular time or in a particular place, 2. attitudes or types of behaviour are the ones that are most common or have most influence start learning		prevailing
parny, duszny (o pogodzie) start learning		oppressive, sultry, stifling, heavy, close (e.g. It's close today. I can barely breathe.)
ulewa start learning		downpour, deluge, it's pouring
leje jak z cebra! start learning		it's chucking it down!
wilgotny (w nieprzyjemny sposób, głównie o pogodzie) start learning		humid, muggy. clammy, sticky
frosty start learning		unfriendly, unwelcoming (e.g. sth is met with frosty reception but also frosty tone, frosty look)
with your reputation damaged because you may have done something wrong start learning		under a cloud (e.g. he left the company under a cloud)
rapid, moving quickly in other words start learning		whirlwind (e.g. a whirlwind romance)
1. neither very great nor very small in amount, size, strength, or degree, 2. reasonable and avoiding extreme opinions or actions start learning		moderate (e.g. moderate increase/loss/growth)
to moderate start learning		to make less extreme
lots of hard, unpleasant things that one can't stop or escape from start learning		a hail of something
to praise sb/sth in a way that will increase expectations of them start learning		built sth/sb up
to make relationships more solid start learning		to cement
to meet a barrier (metaphorically) start learning		to come up against a brick wall
a limit to sth start learning		ceiling (e.g. they put a ceiling on the number of planned redundancies)
used about prices, to increase in a rapid, uncontrolled fashion start learning		go through the roof
to get very angry start learning		hit the roof
a chance to do sth special start learning		window of opportunity
(usually about a quality or idea) to depart start learning		go out (of) the window
not to know about the unpleasant or ordinary thinks that happen in life start learning		to live in an ivory tower
1) to be outstandingly tall, 2) to be outstanding in some positive way start learning		to tower above sth/sb
to give an opportunity to get somewhere start learning		to be a gateway to
to do sth unofficially start learning		do sth through/by the back door
to do sth in secret start learning		to do sth behind closed doors
to provide the starting point start learning		to lay the foundations
to go back to the place where your family came from start learning		go back to your roots
roots suggest the origin of sth start learning		e.g. the root of a problem
to settle down and make your home in one place start learning		to put down roots
when an idea becomes known or accepted, it... start learning		takes root
to stop sth before it develops into sth start learning		to nip sth in the bud (= zdusić coś w zarodku)
to weed out start learning		to get rid of
to cut/limit sth start learning		to prune back
to become smaller start learning		to fade
to get results from sth start learning		to reap the rewards of something
to experience the logical results of your actions (usually used in negative contexts) start learning		to reap what you sowed
to dig up start learning		to discover
to germinate start learning		to begin to develop
to lose energy start learning		to wilt
to appear quickly in large numbers start learning		to sprout up
first signs of sth happening start learning		green shoots of sth
to grow/develop well and successfully based on sth start learning		to thrive on sth (e.g. stress)
an animal that eats a diet that is mainly or exclusively meat (or grass/vegetation) start learning		carnivore (herbivore)
an animal that feeds on dead animals which it has not killed itself start learning		scavenger
behaving very gently (about animals) start learning		docile
not afraid of humans, usually because of training or long involvement with humans (about animals) start learning		tame
extremely violent or wild start learning		savage
behaving aggresively start learning		fierce
preferred natural place for living and breeding start learning		natural habitat
to die out / to become extinct start learning		wyginąć
areas of land where animals are protected from hunting start learning		game reserve / game park
a place where stray cats, dogs, etc. are given food and a place to live start learning		animal shelter
sports whose purpose is to kill or injure animals start learning		blood sports
the selling of animal furs. for coats, jackets, etc. start learning		fur trade
people who hunt animals illegally start learning		poachers
polować na coś start learning		prey on something
kampania na rzecz czegoś start learning		campaign for something
places where animals live and breed which are decreasing in size start learning		shrinking habitats
variety of different types of biological species start learning		biodiversity
in danger of no longer existing start learning		endangered species
zmiany klimatyczne start learning		climatic changes
balance of natural relationships in the environment start learning		ecological balance
unrestricted destruction of forests start learning		uncontrolled deforestation
getting rid of waste start learning		waste disposal
poisonous waste materials start learning		toxic waste
reputation for positive support of the environment and for making policies that reflect this start learning		green credentials
steady rise in average world temperature start learning		global warming
coal, oil, etc. start learning		fossil fuels (paliwa kopalne)
to put great pressure on something in other words start learning		to exert severe pressure on something
limited that will eventually run out / be exhausted start learning		finite resources
forecasts about the population start learning		demographic projections
ability to ensure that a population has safe drinking water start learning		water security
people who always make the most depressing and pessimistic predictions about the future start learning		prophets of doom and gloom
development of industry, etc. which doesn't damage the environment or social and economic stability, and which can continue over a period of time start learning		sustainable development
toksyna, trucizna start learning		toxin
to listen, take things seriously and act start learning		be responsible to sth
willing to understand and help start learning		accommodating \| uprzejmy, uczynny
willing and happy to do things for somebody start learning		obliging
być na gwarancji start learning		to be under guarantee/warranty
to be available in a real, physical store start learning		to be in-store
lacking a personal element or feeling of human warmth start learning		impersonal
poor quality (of services or of goods) start learning		shoddy
below the standard expected start learning		substandard
not supportive, unwilling to work together start learning		uncooperative
phone number where you can get help if you have problems start learning		a helpline
make sb wait start learning		put sb on hold
alphabetical list of contents of website start learning		site index
a form with personal details and date of arrival start learning		landing card
form showing how much money and what goods you're carrying start learning		customs declaration form
paper proving you have had the necessary health injections start learning		vaccination certificate
rules about who can enter a country and for how long start learning		entry regulations
checks done as a sample rather than checking everyone or everything start learning		spot checks (on sth, e.g. baggage)
specially trained dogs who locate specific items using their sense of smell start learning		sniffer/detector dogs
to request permission to stay in another country to avoid persecution back home start learning		to claim asylum
make people obey the law start learning		enforce the law
fotoradar start learning		safety/speed camera
tv system sending signals to a limited number of screens start learning		CCTV
police who don't wear uniform start learning		plain-clothes police
tricking people on the Internet to give up personal information start learning		phishing
a person who supports a particular idea or party start learning		an adherent (of)
a person who's taken on a new set of beliefs start learning		a convert (to)
sb with a very strong belief that something is great (often disapproving) start learning		a fanatic
sb who believes there should be extreme change, often political start learning		a radical (verb. to radicalise)
sb opposed to change or new ideas (disapproving) start learning		a reactionary
a principle on which a belief is based start learning		a tenet
a person who publicly supports an opinion start learning		a proponent (of sth)
a way of thinking about a situation start learning		a viewpoint = a point of view
not wanting or able to believe sth start learning		incredulous
influenced by beliefs or feelings rather than facts start learning		subjective
przypisać coś komuś start learning		attribute sth to sb
accept that sb is telling the truth even though it's not certain start learning		give sb the benefit of the doubt
do not totally believe what you're told start learning		take sth w/ a pinch of salt
100th anniversary (200th anniversary) start learning		centenary (bi-)
serious, heavy and sad start learning		sombre
extremely colourful and exaggerated start learning		flamboyant
very noisy start learning		raucous
respect and remember officially start learning		to commemorate (= upamiętnić, uczcić pamięć)
a group of countries ruled by a single person start learning		empire
beginning (in other words) start learning		dawn
when sb or an army defeats and takes over another country start learning		a conquest (podbój)
very small amounts start learning		shreds
soldiers on foot (uncountable) start learning		infantry
soldiers on horseback (uncountable) start learning		cavalry
rydwan start learning		chariot
a military leader who controls a country or, more often, an area within a country start learning		warlord (gubernator wojskowy lub watażka)
collective term for people of the highest social rank in a society start learning		the nobility (arystokracja)
to be influenced or controlled too much by something start learning		be a slave to/of something
extreme poverty start learning		penury
a place to live that is protected from the weather start learning		shelter
weak or ill because you do not eat enough or do not eat enough of the right foods start learning		malnourished
conditions and processes relating to people’s health, especially the systems that supply water and deal with human waste start learning		sanitation (= warunki sanitarne)
money is tight start learning		there's not much money
range of income with upper and lower levels start learning		income bracket
not having the things that are essential for a comfortable life start learning		deprived (e.g. deprived home - ubogi dom)
categorised at in other words start learning		labelled as
provide a synonym for 'wealth' start learning		affluence
to have a life with many dangers and risks, especially because you like to behave in an extreme and unusual way start learning		live on the edge
to be extremely poor start learning		live/be on the breadline
have enough money to buy all you need start learning		to make ends meet (wiązać koniec z końcem)
affected by poverty start learning		poverty-stricken
poor, without much money to live on start learning		impoverished (zubożały)
with no money or possessions start learning		destitute (adjective)
to have just enough money or food to stay alive start learning		to live from hand to mouth (= klepać biedę)
try to influence the opinions start learning		to lobby
a law, or a set of laws start learning		legislation
period after a proposed law has been discussed by Parliament when it's looked at in detail by a group of people start learning		committee stage
a committee that checks and reports on some aspect of government work start learning		select committee
to look very closely at something start learning		scrutinise (szczegółowo badać, analizować)
a large political meeting or demonstration start learning		rally (zbiórka zwolenników lub przeciwników czegoś)
if something is down to somebody, it's... start learning		the responsibility of that person
opinia/zdanie w sprawie czegoś start learning		opinion on something
the official record of debates in the British, Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, or South African parliament. start learning		Hansard
someone who lives in a constituency and is allowed to vote in elections start learning		constituent (= wyborca z danego regionu) \| constituency = okręg wyborczy
when sth is substantive, it's... start learning		of significance
a set of plans or actions agreed on by a government, political party, business, or other group start learning		policy
to cross departmental boundaries start learning		to deal with different departments
a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal even though this has not been proved start learning		allegation (bezpodstawne twierdzenie, insynuacja)
a conduct (of sb) - what does it mean? start learning		just behaviour of someone
to follow closely to see how a job is done start learning		to shadow the work of somebody
covering many subjects, diverse start learning		wide-ranging
special skill or knowledge that you get from experience, training, or study start learning		expertise (in something)
a full set of laws of a country start learning		constitution
to form (e.g. an organisation) start learning		to constitute
to try to achieve start learning		to pursue
to set up (provide synonyms) start learning		to establish / to put in place
pokazać komuś, gdzie jego miejsce start learning		put somebody in their place
to show that you support something such as an idea by what you say or do start learning		to uphold
involvement in a difficult situation in order to improve it start learning		intervention
to accept that something is true or important OR to accept the authority or status of someone or something start learning		to recognise (e.g. This credit card is recognised all over the world.)
niezaprzeczalnie / niewątpliwie start learning		undeniably (syn. certainly)
to promise to do sth (formal) start learning		to undertake to do something (= zobowiązać się do zrobienia czegoś)
powszechny, zwyczajowy start learning		customary (e.g. It's customary to tip the waiter.)
break the law/rules in a way that's considered not to be very harmful start learning		to bend the law/rules
to break the law start learning		to contravene the law / to infringe the law
to make a formal statement saying that a person in public office has committed a serious offence start learning		to impeach a president/governor
to make an official request that a previous judgement should be changed start learning		to lodge an appeal
to say that a previous decision in court was correct/incorrect start learning		to uphold/overturn a verdict
someone who is determined to succeed and who works hard to achieve this. start learning		go-getter
to try to influence the result of a court case, especially by preventing the true facts about a crime from being known. Perverting the course of justice is also referred to as obstructing the administration of justice. start learning		to pervert the course of justice
to change a previous official decision that someone was guilty start learning		to quash a conviction (= unieważniać skazanie)
to take legal action against sb start learning		to sue sb
to give one parent or adult the main responsibility for a child, esp. after separation or divorce start learning		to award/grant custody to sb (= przyznać opiekę nad dzieckiem)
to declare that sth no longer exists and never existed start learning		to annul a(n) agreement/marriage/law/contract
to say that sb has done sth illegal without giving proof start learning		to allege (zarzucać coś komuś, pomawiać kogoś)
to make changes to a law start learning		to amend a law
unfair treatment on grounds of sex, rate or nationality start learning		discrimination against sth
stealing money that belongs to an organisation that you work for start learning		embezzlement (= defraudacja, malwersacja)
putting undue pressure on sb start learning		harassment
lying under an oath start learning		perjury (= krzywoprzysięstwo)
illegal buying and selling of shares by sb who has specialist knowledge of a company start learning		insider trading/dealing
moving money obtained illegally so that its origin cannot be traced start learning		money laundering
following sb or giving them unwanted or obsessive attention start learning		stalking
going onto someone else's land without permission start learning		trespassing
take the law into your own hands - what does it mean? start learning		you do sth illegal to punish sb bc you feel the legal system will not punish that person
to refuse to behave like everyone else, or to believe you can do whatever you want to start learning		to be a law unto oneself (idiom, = stanowić prawo dla samego siebie, robić cokolwiek się zechce)
to say with great force what you think should happen start learning		to lay down the law (idiom, = rozkazywać, rządzić się)
activities concerning the relationships between governments start learning		diplomacy
official order such as the stopping of trade, taken against a country to make it obey start learning		sanction
people injured or killed that who are not members of the military/police start learning		civilian casualites
remove someone from power using force start learning		overthrow
disagreement or fighting between groups start learning		unrest
when sth is all-out (e.g. a war), it is... start learning		complete & total
finding a way to end conflict and the negative feelings between groups start learning		conflict resolution
to start to use a plan or idea so that it becomes real and has practical results start learning		put/bring/carry something into effect (= wcielić w życie)
having existed for a long time start learning		longstanding (e.g. a tradition, arrangement, agreement)
fight a war against sb in other words start learning		wage war on someone
to attack unexpectedly from secret positions start learning		to ambush
an agreement to stop fighting for a period of time, especially in order to discuss permanent peace start learning		a ceasefire (= zawieszenie broni)
a planned group of military activities start learning		a campaign
people fighting against their government start learning		a rebellion
głęboka bieda start learning		deep/abject poverty
give to be used for a particular purpose start learning		to allocate (e.g. funds)
what is a development grant? start learning		a grant awarded, esp by a government, to a person or company in order to fund the development of a new product OR a grant paid by a government to a company choosing to set up in an area suffering from unemployment and economic depression
to get rid of something completely, especially something bad start learning		to eradicate
what does an ailing economy mean? start learning		an economy in a bad state
what does a double-dip recession mean? start learning		it's a recession which ends and then begins again after a short time
give the economy a lift start learning		to boost the economy
the placing of unfair restrictions, e.g. limiting imports start learning		restrictive practices
restrictions on what a country may import/export start learning		sanctions
what does it mean to lift restrictions? start learning		to cancel restrictions
a war-torn economy has been... start learning		badly affected by war
znaleźć się / wyjść z recesji start learning		go into recession / come out of OR emerge from recession
a serious fall/collapse in prices start learning		slump in prices
poprawić dostęp do czegoś start learning		improve access to something
to have no money left start learning		to be broke/skint
to have lots of money start learning		to roll in it (informal)
when your finances are not good start learning		things are a bit tight
to need cash and have very little start learning		to be strapped for cash
a regular automatic payment start learning		a direct debit
movement of money online between two bank accounts start learning		electronic transfer
annual percentage rate of interest start learning		ARP
card where the money is taken directly from your bank account start learning		debit card
credit card issued by a store/shop for that store start learning		store card
to take money from your account (synonyms) start learning		to get some money out / to withdraw some money
bankomat start learning		ATM = cash machine = cashpoint
karta zbliżeniowa start learning		contactless card = tap-and-go card
a single, large payment start learning		a lump sum
a large payment to sb on leaving a job start learning		a golden handshake
a combination of investments of different kinds start learning		a share portfolio (= portfel akcji)
money saved over many years start learning		life savings
descriptions of the lives of people who've just died start learning		obituary
a newspaper article expressing the editor's opinion on a topical issue. start learning		an editorial (= artykuł wstępny, wstępniak)
a short advertisement that you put in a newspaper, for example so that you can sell something start learning		classified ad
a separate magazine included w/ the newspaper start learning		supplement (= dodatek)
an article or set of articles devoted to a particular topic start learning		a feature (on sth)
sections in a paper or magazine that deal with readers' private emotional problems start learning		agony columns
a person who answers letters in the agony column start learning		an agony aunt
grzbiet książki start learning		a spine of a book
prowadzić dziennik start learning		to keep a journal
the use of small computers to produce newspapers, magazines, or professional documents start learning		desktop publishing [= publikowanie zza biurka (przygotowywanie tekstów i ilustracji do druku)]
a number of copies sold by a newspaper or magazine start learning		a circulation (= nakład)
a regular report with information for people belonging to a particular group start learning		newsletter
to access sth illegally start learning		to hack sth
odfiltrować start learning		screen out = filter out (e.g. screen out spam = prevent it from reaching you)
unsurpassed - what's the meaning? start learning		it means 'the best there is'
to be much better than any other / pozostawić daleko w tyle start learning		to leave sb/sth standing (e.g. our dishwashers leave other models standing)
make sth seem insignificant start learning		to put/leave sth in the shade
extremely low / na najniższym możliwym poziomie start learning		rock-bottom [adj] / rock bottom [noun] means the lowest possible level
to slash prices start learning		to dramatically reduce prices
to treat yourself to something luxurious start learning		to pamper yourself / dogodzić sobie
to let yourself do or have something that you enjoy but which may be bad for you start learning		indulge yourself with something
impressive, expensive, and of high quality start learning		sumptuous = opulent
designed by studying people and their working or living conditions, esp. in order to improve effectiveness start learning		ergonomically designed
to be noticed (= wyróżniać się w tłumie/z tłumu) start learning		to stand out in/from the crowd
to turn heads [idiom] start learning		to attract a lot of attention
words written in the sky using smoke from a plane start learning		sky-writing
advertising posters hung at the back and front of a person, who then walks around a busy area start learning		sandwich boards
what does it mean 'to plug' in marketing? start learning		it means 'to advertise'
what does broadcast journalism include? start learning		TV and radio
where ordinary citizens use social media to report, photograph and share news with others start learning		citizen journalism
people trying to influence what other people think about a particular issue start learning		pressure groups (= grupy nacisku)
what does it mean to 'air your view'? [idiom] start learning		to express your opinions
to want to reach a wider audience start learning		to seek publicity (= szukać rozgłosu)
a short comment by a politician or other famous person that is taken from a longer conversation or speech and broadcast alone because it is very interesting or effective start learning		a soundbite
to present a story in your own way start learning		to put your own gloss/spin on a story
what does it mean to monitor? start learning		to regularly check
polować na coś start learning		hunt for [idiom] = look for
nagłośnienie, uwaga, zainteresowanie (mediów) start learning		media coverage (news about something on television or radio or in the newspapers)
a newspaper (suggesting it's not of very high quality) start learning		a rag
what does 'gutter press' mean? start learning		it's a disapproving term used about the kind of newspapers/magazines that are more interested in crime/sex than serious news
iść do druku start learning		to go to press
previous issues of a paper start learning		back copies
a story that's only to be found in one newspaper start learning		an exclusive = a scoop
oszczerstwo, zniesławienie, potwarz start learning		a libel (also: to libel as a verb) OR a defamation
the practice of looking for and publishing evidence that a famous person has done something wrong start learning		muckraking (= ujawnianie skandalu, pranie brudów) \| muckraker - sb who looks for scandals
[legal] the crime of saying something about someone that is not true and is likely to damage their reputation start learning		slander (also functions as a verb 'to slander')
what's primary care? start learning		provided by the doctors or nurses who the patient goes to first when they have a problem
a doctor who does the job of another doctor who's ill or on holiday start learning		a locum
what's acute condition? start learning		one that's severe and sudden in onset (onset = nadejście)
what's secondary care? start learning		provided by specialists in special clinics or hospitals
być skierowanym do specjalisty (od swojego lekarza) start learning		to be referred to a specialist
okulista start learning		ophthalmologist
what's a surgery? start learning		a small centre offering primary care run by a single GP or a group of GPs
what's a clinic? start learning		a centre which specializes in treating a particular condition or group of conditions
położnik start learning		obstetrician
pediatra start learning		paediatrician
anestezjolog start learning		anaesthetist
what's alternative/complementary medicine? start learning		approaches that differ from conventional western approaches
kręgarz start learning		chiropractor (= people who treat patients by pressing joints in places where two joints are connected, e.g. the spine, or backbone)
być opłacanym z podatków start learning		be paid for through taxes
tax paid by most working adults which covers the costs of healthcare for everyone start learning		national insurance
finansowane przez państwo start learning		state-funded / state-financed
what does it mean to go private? start learning		to choose private healthcare
provide four expressions that mean "not well, but not seriously ill" start learning		1) off-colour (to look off-colour), 2) feel out of sort, 3) feel under the weather, 4) feel poorly
to try to get rid of a cold start learning		to fight off a cold
to catch a disease, usually a non-serious illness start learning		to go down with (e.g. the flu) / if you're talking about yourself, it's more common to use 'come down with, e.g. the flu
what does it mean to suffer from something? start learning		to have more long-term health problems
with a high temperature /fever start learning		feverish
feeling that you want to vomit start learning		nauseous
what does it mean to get over (e.g. a virus) start learning		to recover / get better
what does it mean to recover from (e.g. an operation)? start learning		to get better, used for more serious illnesses
what does it mean to be on the mend? [idiom] start learning		1) to be getting better after an illness / 2) to be improving after a difficult or unsuccessful period
persistent, low-level pain start learning		an ache (also a verb 'to ache')
to give pain, stronger than 'to ache' start learning		to hurt
what does 'aches and pains' mean? start learning		a fixed expression, refers to minor problems (e.g. I'm fine apart from the usual aches and pains)
what does 'cuts and bruises' mean? start learning		fixed expression, refers to minor injuries
a sudden, burning pain start learning		sting/stinging (= kłucie)
beating w/ pain (e.g. about headache) start learning		throbbing (e.g. my head is throbbing)
pain & difficulty moving your neck round start learning		to have a stiff neck
a. feeling that you're spinning round and can't balance start learning		dizzy (adj)
what does 'bunged up' mean (about your nose)? start learning		bunged up = blocked (about your nose!)
what does 'to be over the worst' mean? start learning		to be past the most difficult period (e.g. of a sickness)
to be fully healthy again start learning		to be back on your feet [idiom] (= stanąć na nogi)
what does it mean to have a past history of a disease? start learning		to have a record of medical conditions a person has experienced
an illness or medical condition in other words start learning		disorder (= zaburzenie / choroba)
an illness of the stomach or digestive passages start learning		gastrointestinal disease (żołądkowo-jelitowa choroba)
przewód pokarmowy start learning		gastrointestinal tract
a tube that carries solid waste out of the body start learning		bowel (= jelito)
what is a bowel movement [formal] start learning		wypróżnienie
what are adverse reactions? start learning		unwanted results
what is a condition (medical term)? start learning		an illness or a physical problem
what's a prognosis (medical)? start learning		how experts expect an illness to develop
a rash of sth start learning		a number of similar things happening at the same time (e.g. a rash of burglaries)
a point of very high intensity start learning		at the fever pitch / to reach fever pitch
what does 'jaundiced' mean? start learning		1) yellow-looking skin because of a liver problem 2) unenthusiastic or sceptical because of previous bad experiences
what does it mean to carry the scars of sth or to be scarred by sth? start learning		to be permanently affected by a negative experience
trzymać rękę na pulsie (to be conscious of new developments in a situation) start learning		to have/keep one's finger on the pulse [idiom]
na czas trwania czegoś start learning		for the duration of something
what does 'to impede' mean? start learning		to slow down or make difficult
unwanted substance that forms on the surface of the arteries start learning		plaque (płytka miażdżycowa, ale również osad nazębny)
to make sth to become blocked start learning		to clog
to cause a problem start learning		to pose a danger
what does 'cardiovascular' mean? start learning		it relates to the heart and blood (= sercowo-naczyniowy/krążeniowy)
a hormone that controls the level of sugar in the body start learning		insulin
good at or keen on sports start learning		sporty
the rate at which your body digests food start learning		metabolism
what does it mean to be intent on sth? start learning		to be determined to do sth
quick & energetic (e.g. about a walk) start learning		brisk
to try to gain an advantage but make things worse rather than better start learning		to score an own goal
what does it mean to move the goalposts? start learning		to change the rules
what does a level playing-field mean? start learning		a fair situation / a situation that is fair for all the people involved
to be seriously considered in other words start learning		to be in the running for sth
what does 'to skate around' mean? start learning		to not talk directly about sth (e.g. to skate around the subject)
to do something, or to deal with something, very easily (sailing metaphor) start learning		sail through something
industry that uses large heavy machines to produce materials such as coal or steel or large objects such as cars or ships start learning		heavy industry
technology that involves the most modern or advanced methods, especially electronic equipment and computers start learning		high technology
extremely modern and advanced start learning		cutting-edge (e.g. technology)
the sale of a business or industry that was owned and managed by the government start learning		privatisation
industry in which small goods are produced, for example things that you use in the house start learning		light industry
when industry is owned by the government start learning		state ownership
what does it mean to nationalize start learning		if a government nationalizes a large company or industry, it takes control of it and owns it
training people for new jobs and teaching them new skills start learning		retraining/reskilling
big companies with operations in many different countries start learning		multinationals
what is a cost-cutting exercise? start learning		an effort to reduce costs
what's a public-private partnership? start learning		partly state-owned, partly owned by private industries or businesses
money/grants which enable an industry/business to stay in profit start learning		subsidy
an investment from foreign companies start learning		an inward investment
be only paid for the amount your produce start learning		be on piece-work (= być pracownikiem akordowym)
what does it mean to work on zero hours contract start learning		number of hours you work each week may vary, or there's no work, so you don't get paid (=umowa zero godzin (typ umowy o pracę w Wlk. Brytanii)
a union that negotiates wages and conditions for the people it represents start learning		trade union representation
what does it mean to switch production? start learning		to move the centre of manufacturing to a different place

EViU | Chapters: 26-55

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