|
Question |
Answer |
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Rolą prawników jest aplikowanie języka do realnego świata. start learning
|
|
The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world. The role of lawyers is to apply language to the real world.
|
|
|
Rolą prawników jest aplikowanie języka prawniczego do sytuacji z życia wziętych (lub stosowanie języka prawnego do okoliczności faktycznych). start learning
|
|
The role of lawyers is to apply legal language to real-life situations. (or to apply the language of the law to factual circumstances.)
|
|
|
Rolą prawników jest pośredniczenie między językiem a rzeczywistością — interpretowanie i stosowanie konstrukcji językowych do świata faktów. start learning
|
|
The role of lawyers is to mediate between language and reality — to interpret and apply linguistic constructs to the world of facts.
|
|
|
Prawnicy przekładają abstrakcyjny język prawa na praktyczną dziedzinę spraw ludzkich. start learning
|
|
Lawyers translate the abstract language of law into the practical realm of human affairs.
|
|
|
Wszczęcie postępowania cywilnego / wniesienie pozwu do sądu cywilnego start learning
|
|
Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court, Starting a claim in the civil court
|
|
|
Powód wszczął postępowanie w sądzie z powodu naruszenia umowy. start learning
|
|
The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract. The claimant started a claim in the court for breach of contract.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim, Issuing a claim
|
|
|
Powód wniósł przeciwko pozwanemu skargę z tytułu zaniedbania. start learning
|
|
The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence. The claimant issued a claim against the defendant for negligence.
|
|
|
Złożenie wniosku wniesienie pozwu (w szerokim znaczeniu) start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
powód (strona w postępowaniu cywilnym) start learning
|
|
claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff) claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff) claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff), claimant: the person who starts the claim. (plaintiff)
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
claim form: the document that claimant uses to start legal action against the defendant
|
|
|
Złe wykonanie Tłumaczenie: nienależyte wykonanie pracy / fuszerka / wadliwe wykonanie umowy start learning
|
|
|
|
|
być w konflikcie – mieć poważną różnicę zdań z inną osobą start learning
|
|
to be on dispute - to have a serious disagreement with another person to be on dispute - to have a serious disagreement with another person
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
być winnym komuś pieniądze start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
procedura – ustalony sposób robienia czegoś start learning
|
|
procedure - a decided way of doing something
|
|
|
ścigać, prowadzić postępowanie karne przeciwko komuś przed sądem start learning
|
|
to prosecute somebody - to take a legal action against someone in the criminal court
|
|
|
doręczyć pozew komuś / doręczyć odpis pozwu stronie przeciwnej start learning
|
|
to serve a claim upon someone means to sent the claim to the defendant's address and make sure that he received it
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to admit the claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim to admit the claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim to admit the claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim, to admit a claim
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim, full admission of the claim
|
|
|
częściowe uznanie roszczenia start learning
|
|
partial admission of the claim
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Sąd Najwyższy rozpatrzy sprawę w przyszłym miesiącu. start learning
|
|
The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month. The Supreme Court will hear the case next month.
|
|
|
sędzia rozpatrzył sprawę na posiedzeniu jawnym start learning
|
|
The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court. The judge heard the case in open court.
|
|
|
Jeśli zdecydujesz się kwestionować zadanie pozwu, musisz złożyć obronę. start learning
|
|
If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence. If you decide to defend the claim, you must file a defence.
|
|
|
bronić się przed roszczeniem (formalnie) start learning
|
|
to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim, to defend the claim
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
To find in favor of the claimant
|
|
|
orzec na korzyść pozwanego start learning
|
|
to find in favour of the defendant to find in favour of the defendant
|
|
|
Sąd orzekł na korzyść powoda i przyznał odszkodowanie. start learning
|
|
The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages. The court found in favor of the claimant and awarded damages.
|
|
|
Sędzia orzekł na korzyść pozwanego z powodu braku dowodów. start learning
|
|
The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence. The judge found in favor of the defendant due to lack of evidence.
|
|
|
Język nie jest pewnym ani stałym narzędziem służącym do nazywania rzeczywistości — kształtuje on świat, aniżeli go go odzwierciedla. start learning
|
|
Language is not a certain or fixed tool for naming reality — it shapes rather than merely reflects the world.
|
|
|
Język nie jest precyzyjnym narzędziem opisu rzeczywistości prawnej — terminy prawnicze często zależą od interpretacji, kontekstu i uznania sędziego. start learning
|
|
Language is not a precise instrument for describing legal reality — legal terms often depend on interpretation, context, and judicial discretion. Language is not a precise instrument for describing legal reality — legal terms often depend on interpretation, context, and judicial discretion. Language is not a precise instrument for describing legal reality — legal terms often depend on interpretation, context, and judicial discretion.
|
|
|
Założenie idealne dotyczące języka polega na tym, że język powinien być doskonałym narzędziem opisu rzeczywistości – takim, w którym każde słowo ma jednoznaczne znaczenie, dokładnie określone odniesienie do rzeczy lub faktów, start learning
|
|
The ideal assumption about language is that it should serve as a perfect tool for naming and describing reality — one in which every word has a clear and unambiguous meaning, a precisely defined reference to things or facts.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
odpierać roszczenie zwalczać roszczenie bronić się przed roszczeniem kwestionować roszczenie sprzeciwić się roszczeniu start learning
|
|
|
|
|
rządy prawa, a nie ludzi (w sensie wykluczający wszelki dyskrecjonalizm) start learning
|
|
the rule of law not of men
|
|
|
„Nawet najbardziej idealna formuła ma swój cień nieokreśloności – HLA Hart start learning
|
|
„Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart, „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart. „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart, „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart. „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart, „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart. „Even a perfectly clear rule has a penumbra of uncertainty.” – H.L.A. Hart
|
|
|
obowiązek należytej staranności start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Obowiązek zachowania starannosci start learning
|
|
The duty of care, The duty of care. the duty of care. the duty of care is a legal obligation requiring individuals or organizations to exercise a reasonable level of care to avoid causing harm to others. The duty of care, The duty of care. the duty of care. the duty of care is a legal obligation requiring individuals or organizations to exercise a reasonable level of care to avoid causing harm to others. The duty of care, The duty of care. the duty of care. the duty of care is a legal obligation requiring individuals or organizations to exercise a reasonable level of care to avoid causing harm to others.
|
|
|
naruszyć obowiązek należytej staranności start learning
|
|
To breach the duty of care
|
|
|
naruszyć obowiązek staranności start learning
|
|
To breach the duty of care means to fail to meet the required standard of reasonable care, resulting in potential harm or damage to another person. It is one of the key elements of negligence in tort law. To breach the duty of care means to fail to meet the required standard of reasonable care, resulting in potential harm or damage to another person. It is one of the key elements of negligence in tort law. To breach the duty of care means to fail to meet the required standard of reasonable care, resulting in potential harm or damage to another person. It is one of the key elements of negligence in tort law.
|
|
|
Sąd uznał, że architekt naruszył obowiązek zachowania ostrożności, używając niebezpiecznych materiałów. start learning
|
|
The court found that the architect had breached the duty of care by using unsafe materials.
|
|
|
Nauczyciel może naruszyć obowiązek opieki, jeżeli pozostawi uczniów bez nadzoru podczas zajęć. start learning
|
|
A teacher may breach the duty of care if they leave students unsupervised during class.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
A tort is a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to another person, and for which the injured party may seek compensation through a civil lawsuit. It is not a criminal offence — it belongs to civil law, not criminal law.
|
|
|
naruszenie w prawie cywilnym start learning
|
|
civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong, moral wrong
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong, criminal wrong
|
|
|
Prawo rozróżnia między naruszeniami cywilnymi a karnymi. start learning
|
|
The law distinguishes between civil wrongs and criminal wrongs.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong, wrong,
|
|
|
zarzut, twierdzenie, że ktoś zrobił coś złego start learning
|
|
An allegation, an allegation is a statement or claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal, before it is proven. An allegation, an allegation is a statement or claim that someone has done something wrong or illegal, before it is proven.
|
|
|
Formularz pozwu określa twierdzenia i zarzuty powoda przeciwko pozwanemu. start learning
|
|
The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant. The claim form will state the claimant’s allegations against the defendant.
|
|
|
Podstawą powództwa o czyn niedozwolony jest fakt, że pozwany dopuścił się czynu niedozwolonego. start learning
|
|
The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor. The grounds for action in tort are that the defendant committed a tor
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
czyn niedozwolony, delikt zaniedbania start learning
|
|
The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence. The tort of negligence. the tort of negligence, the tort of negligence.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
A criminal matter is any case or issue involving a violation of criminal law, where the state prosecutes an individual (the defendant) for committing a crime or offence. A criminal matter is any case or issue involving a violation of criminal law, where the state prosecutes an individual (the defendant) for committing a crime or offence. A criminal matter is any case or issue involving a violation of criminal law, where the state prosecutes an individual (the defendant) for committing a crime or offence.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
A civil matter, a civil matter. A civil matter is a non-criminal legal dispute between individuals, companies, or organizations, usually concerning rights, obligations, or compensation. A civil matter, a civil matter. A civil matter is a non-criminal legal dispute between individuals, companies, or organizations, usually concerning rights, obligations, or compensation. A civil matter, a civil matter. A civil matter is a non-criminal legal dispute between individuals, companies, or organizations, usually concerning rights, obligations, or compensation.
|
|
|
złożenie pozwu w sądzie cywilnym, wniesienie powództwa w sądzie cywilnym start learning
|
|
making a claim in the civil court making a claim in the civil court Making a claim in the civil court means starting legal proceedings against another person or organization to seek compensation, enforcement of rights, or another civil remedy. It begins when the claimant files (issues) a claim form with the court.
|
|
|
prawo do występowania przed sądem start learning
|
|
Right of audience. The right of audience Right of audience. The right of audience is the right to appear and speak on behalf of a party in court proceedings. It determines who is allowed to address the court, present arguments, and represent clients during hearings or trials.
|
|
|
prowadzić sprawę, występować w sprawie, przedstawiać argumenty przed sądem. start learning
|
|
To plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case To plead a case means to present and argue a party’s position before a court, usually by a lawyer or advocate. It involves explaining the facts, applying the law, and persuading the judge to rule in favour of your client. To plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case, to plead a case
|
|
|
reguły nakładania obowiązków start learning
|
|
duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules, duty imposing rules
|
|
|
reguły przyznające uprawnienia (trzy rodzaje) start learning
|
|
power-conferring rules: rule of recognition, rule of change, rule of adjudication
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
A RULE OF RECOGNITION A rule of recognition is a fundamental rule that identifies the valid sources of law within a legal system. It provides criteria for legal validity, telling us what counts as law and how to recognize it.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
A rule of change is a rule that confers power on individuals or institutions to create, modify, or repeal laws. It allows the legal system to adapt and evolve by establishing procedures for legal change. A rule of change is a rule that confers power on individuals or institutions to create, modify, or repeal laws. It allows the legal system to adapt and evolve by establishing procedures for legal change. A rule of change is a rule that confers power on individuals or institutions to create, modify, or repeal laws. It allows the legal system to adapt and evolve by establishing procedures for legal change.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
A rule of adjudication is a rule that confers authority on certain persons or bodies (such as courts) to interpret and apply the law and to resolve disputes. It specifies how legal conflicts are to be settled and who has the power to decide them.
|
|
|
prowadzić sprawę, występować w sprawie, przedstawiać argumenty przed sądem. start learning
|
|
TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE, TO PLEAD A CASE
|
|
|
Adwokat prowadził sprawę przed sądem. start learning
|
|
The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court. The barrister pleaded the case before the Court.
|
|
|
Adwokaci są uprawnieni do występowania w sprawach przed sądami wyższej instancji. start learning
|
|
Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts. Barristers are qualified to plead cases in higher courts.
|
|
|
Język nie jest bezpośrednim przekazem woli prawodawcy, niewymagającym interpretacji. Jest medium ukształtowanym przez kulturę, historię i ograniczenia ludzkiego rozumienia. start learning
|
|
Language is not a direct transmission of the legislator’s will that requires no interpretation. It is a medium shaped by culture, history, and the limits of human understanding.
|
|
|
Język prawniczy zawsze wiąże się pośredniczeniem między tekstem a jego znaczeniem – między tym, co zamierzył prawodawca, a tym, co interpretatorzy mogą racjonalnie wywnioskować. Zatem start learning
|
|
Legal language always involves mediation between the text and its meaning — between what the legislator intended and what interpreters can reasonably derive.
|
|
|
prawo nie jest mechanicznym odzwierciedleniem woli ustawodawcy, lecz dynamicznym procesem interpretacji w obrębie wspólnoty językowej. start learning
|
|
law is not a mechanical reflection of legislative will but a dynamic process of interpretation within a linguistic community. law is not a mechanical reflection of legislative will but a dynamic process of interpretation within a linguistic community. law is not a mechanical reflection of legislative will but a dynamic process of interpretation within a linguistic community.
|
|
|
Postępowanie cywilne musi zostać wszczęte w terminie przedawnienia. start learning
|
|
The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period. The civil proceedings must be commenced within the limitation period.
|
|
|
Jeżeli w terminie nie wszczęto postępowania, roszczenie ulega przedawnieniu. start learning
|
|
If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. TIME-BARRED, TIME- BARRED, TIME-BARRED If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. If the proceedings are not commenced within the limitation period, the claim becomes time-barred. TIME-BARRED, TIME- BARRED, TIME-BARRED
|
|
|
Prawdziwa wolność objawia się w zdolności do racjonalnego myślenia. PLATON start learning
|
|
True freedom reveals itself in the capacity for rational thought.
|
|
|
Prawo to nakaz suwerena poparty sankcjami. start learning
|
|
Law is the command of the sovereign backed by sanctions. (Hart, the province of jurisprudence)
|
|
|
Przepowiednie tego, co faktycznie zrobią sądy, i nic bardziej wzniosłego, oto, co rozumiem przez prawo start learning
|
|
„The prophecies of what the courts will do in fact, and nothing more exalted, are what I mean by the law.” Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. The Path of law
|
|
|
pułapka teorii / słabość teorii start learning
|
|
|
|
|
w pełni rozwinięty system prawny lub dojrzały system prawa start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Wzniosłe pojęcia normatywne / wzniosłe idee normatywne. start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Niejasny scenariusz uwidacznia otwartą strukturę języka prawnego. start learning
|
|
A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language.
|
|
|
trwałość sankcji utrzymywanie się sankcji start learning
|
|
persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions, persistence of sanctions,
|
|
|
Skuteczność nowej polityki jest nadal przedmiotem dyskusji. start learning
|
|
The efficacy of the new policy is still under debate.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Kwestionowali skuteczność systemu kar. Poddali w wątpliwość skuteczność systemu karnego. start learning
|
|
They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system. They questioned the efficacy of the punishment system.
|
|
|
Doktryna supremacji wewnętrznej głosi, że w krajowym porządku prawnym przeważa prawo krajowe. start learning
|
|
The doctrine of internal supremacy asserts that domestic law prevails within the national legal order.
|
|
|
Wewnętrzna nadrzędność przeciwstawia się zewnętrznej nadrzędności, w której prawo międzynarodowe ma pierwszeństwo nad krajowym. start learning
|
|
Internal supremacy contrasts with external supremacy, where international or supranational law overrides national law.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Reguła jest zwyczajowo przestrzegana, gdy ludzie się do niej stosują z przyzwyczajenia, a nie dlatego, że uznają ją za obowiązującą normę. start learning
|
|
A rule is habitually obeyed when people generally conform to it because they are accustomed to doing so, not because they accept it as a binding standard. A rule is habitually obeyed when people generally conform to it because they are accustomed to doing so, not because they accept it as a binding standard. A rule is habitually obeyed when people generally conform to it because they are accustomed to doing so, not because they accept it as a binding standard.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Różne odmiany prawa odzwierciedlają różne tradycje prawne i źródła władzy start learning
|
|
Different varieties of law reflect different legal traditions and sources of authority.
|
|
|
„różnorodność prawa” w jurysprudencji start learning
|
|
The phrase “variety of law” in jurisprudence refers to the idea that law is not a uniform phenomenon. There are different forms, sources, and functions of law, depending on the perspective we take.
|
|
|
variety of rules (H. Hart) start learning
|
|
duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system. duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system. duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system.
|
|
|
variety of rules H. L. A. Hart start learning
|
|
duty-imposing rules (which require or forbid actions), and power-conferring rules (which enable people to create or modify legal relations). For Hart, the variety of law reflects the internal diversity of legal rules that together constitute a system.
|
|
|
variety of rules (Dworkin) start learning
|
|
Ronald Dworkin argued that law is not made only of rules but also of principles and policies. In his view, the variety of law means that legal reasoning involves different kinds of standards — some binding as rules, others guiding as moral principles.
|
|
|
variety of law (Lon. L Fuller) start learning
|
|
Lon L. Fuller spoke about the internal morality of law, suggesting that law can vary in its moral quality. Thus, the variety of law may refer to degrees of legality — from just and moral law to law that is formally valid but morally defective.
|
|
|
Teoria prawa oparta na sankcjach start learning
|
|
The sanction-based theory of law (sometimes called the imperative or command theory) is a positivist conception of law that defines law primarily in terms of commands backed by sanctions.
|
|
|
Prawo jest rozkazem wydanym przez władcę jego poddanym, egzekwowanym za pomocą sankcji w przypadku nieposłuszeństwa. start learning
|
|
Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience. Law is a command issued by a sovereign to its subjects, and enforced by sanctions in case of disobedience.
|
|
|
rozkazy/ nakazy egzekwowane za pomocą przymusu start learning
|
|
The term coercive orders refers to commands or directives that are enforced through the threat or use of sanctions. In other words, they are orders backed by coercion — by some form of punishment or negative consequence if disobeyed
|
|
|
model przestępcy grożącego pistoletem / model prawa przymusowego (Austin) start learning
|
|
gunmen model of law / coersive model of law (Austin), gunmen model of law / coersive model of law (Austin)
|
|
|
wzorzec zachowania / schemat zachowania start learning
|
|
PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR. Pattern of behavior a recurring conduct that can indicate intent, negligence, or a tendency relevant to the case
|
|
|
Sąd uznał wzorzec zachowania pozwanego za dowód zamiaru. start learning
|
|
The court considered the defendant’s pattern of behavior as evidence of intent.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
The viability thesis states that: A system of rules counts as a legal system only if it is socially viable — that is, if it is actually effective and generally accepted by officials and citizens within a society. The viability thesis states that: A system of rules counts as a legal system only if it is socially viable — that is, if it is actually effective and generally accepted by officials and citizens within a society. The viability thesis states that: A system of rules counts as a legal system only if it is socially viable — that is, if it is actually effective and generally accepted by officials and citizens within a society.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
No matter how precisely the legislator drafts a rule, unforeseen or borderline cases will inevitably emerge. In such circumstances, the adjudicator must exercise discretion and interpretive judgment, rather than merely deducing the outcome In such circumstances, the adjudicator must exercise discretion and interpretive judgment, rather than merely deducing the outcome from the literal wording of the law. In such circumstances, the adjudicator must exercise discretion and interpretive judgment, rather than merely deducing the outcome from the literal wording of the law.
|
|
|
Przepisy prawne formułowane są w języku naturalnym, który z natury jest ogólny, nieokreślony i podatny na semantyczną niejednoznaczność. start learning
|
|
Legal rules are formulated in natural language, which is inherently general, indeterminate, and subject to semantic ambiguity.
|
|
|
w przypadku penumbria, zadaniem sędziego jest ustalenie, poprzez interpretację i według własnego uznania, właściwego znaczenia terminów i zakresu faktów, do których się one odnoszą. start learning
|
|
in case of the penumbra of a rule, it falls to the judge to determine, through interpretation and discretion, the proper meaning of the terms and the range of facts to which they extend. in case of the penumbra of a rule, it falls to the judge to determine, through interpretation and discretion, the proper meaning of the terms and the range of facts to which they extend. in case of the penumbra of a rule, it falls to the judge to determine, through interpretation and discretion, the proper meaning of the terms and the range of facts to which they extend.
|
|
|
związek treściowy między prawem a moralnością oznacza, że prawo i moralność mogą zawierać normy o tej samej treści — mogą nakazywać, zabraniać lub zezwalać na te same typy zachowań. start learning
|
|
The content-related connection between law and morality means that law and morality may contain norms with the same content — they may prescribe, prohibit, or permit the same types of conduct.
|
|
|
Funkcjonalny związek prawa i moralności oznacza, że moralność jest jednym z powodów lub motywów tworzenia prawa. start learning
|
|
The functional connection between law and morality means that morality is one of the reasons or motives for the creation of law. The functional connection between law and morality means that morality is one of the reasons or motives for the creation of law. The functional connection between law and morality means that morality is one of the reasons or motives for the creation of law.
|
|
|
Związek walidacyjny między prawem a moralnością oznacza, że ważność prawa nie zależy od jego zgodności z moralnością. Innymi słowy: prawa nie można unieważnić tylko dlatego, że jest niemoralne. start learning
|
|
The validational connection between law and morality means that the validity of law does not depend on its conformity with morality. In other words: law cannot be invalidated merely because it is immoral. In this view, the validity of a legal norm derives from its formal source — the authority of the lawmaker and proper legislative procedure — rather than from its moral content.
|
|
|
Nie wszystko, co jest wymagane przez prawo, musi mieć oparcie w moralności. start learning
|
|
Not everything that is necessary in law must be grounded in morality. Not everything that is necessary in law must be grounded in morality. Not everything that is necessary in law must be grounded in morality. For the law to function effectively, it requires certain rules (for example, concerning form, time limits, jurisdiction, or procedural mode) that do not stem from moral values but from the need for order, efficiency, and predictability. For the law to function effectively, it requires certain rules (for example, concerning form, time limits, jurisdiction, or procedural mode) that do not stem from moral values but from the need for order, efficiency, and predictability.
|
|
|
Sędzia odmówił podjęcia decyzji na podstawie tak niejasnego scenariusza. start learning
|
|
The judge refused to decide based on such a vague scenario.
|
|
|
Niejasny scenariusz podkreśla otwartą strukturę języka prawniczego. start learning
|
|
A vague scenario highlights the open texture of legal language.
|
|
|
cechą wyróżniającą, najbardziej istotna start learning
|
|
|
|
|
władza normatywna do stanowienia prawa start learning
|
|
normative power to make law
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Persistence of law refers to the continued existence and validity of legal norms over time — even when circumstances change, governments fall, or lawmakers are replaced.
|
|
|
informacja o preferencjach aksjologicznych start learning
|
|
Information on Axiological Preferences: a statement or disclosure indicating which values (axiological principles) a person, institution, legal body, or theory regards as fundamental when reasoning, making decisions, or interpreting the law. In legal theory and philosophy of law, it denotes the value system underlying a given concept, interpretation, or decision — such as justice, legal certainty, liberty, equality, the common good, efficiency, or protection of the weaker party. In legal theory and philosophy of law, it denotes the value system underlying a given concept, interpretation, or decision — such as justice, legal certainty, liberty, equality, the common good, efficiency, or protection of the weaker party.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract, to draft a contract
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract, to breach a contract
|
|
|
czek na pewną sumę pieniędzy start learning
|
|
a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money, a cheque for a sum of money, a cheque for an amount money,
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
I am currently working on a merger agreement I am currently working on a merger agreement
|
|
|
prawnicy mogą reprezentować klientów w sądzie start learning
|
|
solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court. solicitors are allowed to represent clients in the court.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
this is a criminal matter
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Grounds: the foundation or basis for a legal claim or defence.
|
|
|
Podstawa faktyczna – co faktycznie się wydarzyło (fakt, który podajesz) start learning
|
|
Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege). Factual ground – what actually happened (the facts you allege).
|
|
|
jakie są podstawy Twojej sprawy? start learning
|
|
what are the grounds for your case?
|
|
|
Obrona twierdzi, że roszczenia nie mają podstaw prawnych, ponieważ umowa została rozwiązana zgodnie z prawem. start learning
|
|
The defence argues that there are no legal grounds for the claim because the contract was terminated lawfully. The defence argues that there are no legal grounds for the claim because the contract was terminated lawfully.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
w wysokości, odszkodowania (idiomatyczne). start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Sąd przyznał powodowi 10 000 euro odszkodowania za zerwanie umowy. start learning
|
|
The court awarded the claimant 10,000 euros in damages for breach of contract. The court awarded the claimant 10,000 euros in damages for breach of contract.
|
|
|
wszczęcie postępowania przeciwko komuś start learning
|
|
starting proceedings against someone
|
|
|
organ wybrany demokratycznie start learning
|
|
democratically elected body
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
the royal assent Royal Assent – the formal approval given by the monarch to a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament, which is required for the bill to become law. the royal assent Royal Assent – the formal approval given by the monarch to a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament, which is required for the bill to become law.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
przygotować projekt ustawy start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Sporządzić projekt ustawy start learning
|
|
To draw up a bill, To draw up a bill, To draw up a bill
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
przedstawić pomysł do rozważenia start learning
|
|
to put an idea forward for consideration
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
a third party to a contract
|
|
|
Egzekwować warunek / Egzekwować postanowienie umowy start learning
|
|
To enforce a term, to enforce a term, to enforce a term To enforce a term: to make sure that a contractual provision or condition is complied with or carried out; to take legal action to ensure it is obeyed. To enforce a term: to make sure that a contractual provision or condition is complied with or carried out; to take legal action to ensure it is obeyed.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
capital punishment, capital punishment, capital punishment capital punishment, capital punishment, capital punishment capital punishment, capital punishment, capital punishment
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Spółka postanowiła wyegzekwować postanowienie o zachowaniu poufności. start learning
|
|
The company decided to enforce the confidentiality term of the contract. The company decided to enforce the confidentiality term of the contract.
|
|
|
Jeżeli najemca nie płaci czynszu, wynajmujący może wyegzekwować płatność na drodze sądowej. start learning
|
|
If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court. If the tenant fails to pay rent, the landlord may enforce the payment term in court.
|
|
|
Wyraźnie przyznać komuś prawo lub korzyść start learning
|
|
To expressly confer a right or benefit upon someone, To expressly confer a right or benefit upon someone, To expressly confer a right or benefit upon someone means to grant or give a specific legal right or advantage to a person in clear and explicit terms.
|
|
|
Żadna korzyść nie jest wyraźnie przyznana osobom trzecim na mocy niniejszej umowy. start learning
|
|
No benefit is expressly conferred upon third parties under this agreement.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
The construction of the contract. the construction of the contract. The construction of the contract. the construction of the contract. the construction of the contract. the process of interpreting the meaning of the words used in a contract in order to determine the parties’ rights and obligations.
|
|
|
Wykładnia umowy jest kwestią prawną, którą rozstrzyga sąd. start learning
|
|
The construction of the contract is a question of law for the court to decide.
|
|
|
Pojawił się spór co do prawidłowej wykładni klauzuli rozwiązującej. start learning
|
|
There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause. There was a dispute over the proper construction of the termination clause.
|
|
|
Warunek egzekwowalny: postanowienie umowy, które jest prawnie wiążące i może zostać utrzymane w mocy lub wyegzekwowane przez sąd w przypadku jego naruszenia. start learning
|
|
An enforceable term: a contractual provision that is legally binding and can be upheld or enforced by a court if breached. An enforceable term: a contractual provision that is legally binding and can be upheld or enforced by a court if breached. An enforceable term: a contractual provision that is legally binding and can be upheld or enforced by a court if breached.
|
|
|
Tylko wykonalne (skuteczne) postanowienie tworzy zobowiązanie prawne. start learning
|
|
Only an enforceable term gives rise to a legal obligation.
|
|
|
Sąd uznał, że klauzula umowna nie stanowi wykonalnego postanowienia umowy. start learning
|
|
The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract. The court held that the penalty clause was not an enforceable term of the contract.
|
|
|
Aby postanowienie było wykonalne, musi być jasne, pewne i zgodne z prawem. start learning
|
|
For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful. For a term to be enforceable, it must be clear, certain, and lawful.
|
|
|
Umowa, której wykonanie można egzekwować. start learning
|
|
An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract: a legally valid agreement that creates binding obligations and can be upheld in court if one party fails to perform. An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract: a legally valid agreement that creates binding obligations and can be upheld in court if one party fails to perform. An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract, An enforceable contract: a legally valid agreement that creates binding obligations and can be upheld in court if one party fails to perform.
|
|
|
Należeć do określonej kategorii start learning
|
|
To be a member of a class
|
|
|
środek prawny przysługujący w razie naruszenia umowy start learning
|
|
A remedy for breach of a contract, a remedy for a breach of a contract A remedy for breach of a contract = a legal means by which a party who has suffered from another party’s failure to perform a contractual obligation can obtain redress or compensation.
|
|
|
Nakaz sądowy: postanowienie sądowe nakazujące osobie wykonanie określonej czynności lub powstrzymanie się od jej wykonania. start learning
|
|
An injunction: a court order requiring a person to do, or to refrain from doing, a specific act. PROHIBITORY INJUNCTION. mandatory injunction, interim (temporary injunction) permanent injunction
|
|
|
Wykonanie zobowiązania środek słusznościowy, w którym sąd nakazuje stronie wykonanie jej zobowiązań umownych, zamiast po prostu zapłacić odszkodowanie za ich naruszenie. start learning
|
|
Specific performance an equitable remedy by which a court orders a party to perform their contractual obligations, rather than merely paying damages for breach. Specific performance an equitable remedy by which a court orders a party to perform their contractual obligations, rather than merely paying damages for breach.
|
|
|
Nieważny w każdym przypadku start learning
|
|
VOID IN ANY CASE, VOID IN ANY CASE VOID IN ANY CASE having no legal effect whatsoever, regardless of the circumstances; legally null and incapable of producing any binding obligations. VOID IN ANY CASE, VOID IN ANY CASE VOID IN ANY CASE having no legal effect whatsoever, regardless of the circumstances; legally null and incapable of producing any binding obligations.
|
|
|
Umowa zawarta w celu niezgodnym z prawem jest w każdym przypadku nieważna. start learning
|
|
A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case. A contract made for an illegal purpose is void in any case.
|
|
|
Jakakolwiek klauzula wyłączająca odpowiedzialność za oszustwo jest w każdym przypadku nieważna. start learning
|
|
Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case. Any clause excluding liability for fraud is void in any case.
|
|
|
twierdzić, rościć sobie prawo, utrzymywać, podawać się za start learning
|
|
|
|
|
znaczenie, sens, ogólny ton start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Powstające w trakcie – bardzo często stosowane w znaczeniu prawniczym: > w trakcie / w toku / podczas wykonywania określonych czynności lub działalności. start learning
|
|
Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of, Arising in the course of
|
|
|
Spór powstały w trakcie wykonywania niniejszej umowy zostanie skierowany do arbitrażu. start learning
|
|
A dispute arising in the course of the performance of this agreement shall be referred to arbitration.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
fraud, fraud, fraud. Fraud is an intentional misrepresentation of a material fact made to obtain an unlawful benefit or to cause another person to suffer a loss. fraud, fraud, fraud. Fraud is an intentional misrepresentation of a material fact made to obtain an unlawful benefit or to cause another person to suffer a loss. fraud, fraud, fraud Fraud is an intentional misrepresentation of a material fact made to obtain an unlawful benefit or to cause another person to suffer a loss.
|
|
|
bez świadczenia wzajemnego nie ma umowy start learning
|
|
no consideration no contract
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
zamiar stworzenia stosunku prawnego start learning
|
|
intention to create a legal relationship intention to create a legal relationship
|
|
|
zrobić coś za czyjąś radą start learning
|
|
to do something on someone's advice to do something on someone's advice
|
|
|
Wystąpić do sądu z roszczeniem, żądając wykonania obietnicy wynikającej z umowy. start learning
|
|
To sue on a promise, To sue on a promise
|
|
|
Sam obowiązek moralny nie wystarczy, aby pozwać o obietnicę. start learning
|
|
A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise. A moral obligation alone is not sufficient to sue on a promise.
|
|
|
wydać wyrok na rzecz powoda, wydać wyrok przeciwko powodowi start learning
|
|
to give a judgment for the claimant to give a judgment against the claimant
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to be under legal obligation, To be under a legal obligation
|
|
|
Rodzice mają prawny obowiązek wspierania swoich dzieci. start learning
|
|
Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children. Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children. Parents are under a legal obligation to support their children.
|
|
|
masz prawny obowiązek wypełniania swoich zobowiązań start learning
|
|
you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations you are under legal obligation to carry out your obligations
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
THE EXTENT OF AN OBLIGATION The extent of an obligation = the scope, limits, or degree to which a person or entity is legally bound to perform or refrain from an act. THE EXTENT OF AN OBLIGATION The extent of an obligation = the scope, limits, or degree to which a person or entity is legally bound to perform or refrain from an act. THE EXTENT OF AN OBLIGATION The extent of an obligation = the scope, limits, or degree to which a person or entity is legally bound to perform or refrain from an act.
|
|
|
ograniczyć zakres zobowiązania start learning
|
|
to limit the extent of an obligation
|
|
|
ustalić zakres odpowiedzialności start learning
|
|
to determine the extent of liability to determine the extent of liability to determine the extent of liability
|
|
|
przyznać komuś prawo do zrobienia czegoś start learning
|
|
give someone the right to do something
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation, beyond the extent of one’s obligation
|
|
|
w zakresie zobowiązania, w granicach obowiązku start learning
|
|
within the extent of the obligation
|
|
|
Nieostrość lub niejednoznaczność znaczeniowa start learning
|
|
Vagueness Vagueness Vagueness Vagueness Vagueness Vagueness: the quality of being unclear or imprecise in meaning; the lack of clear boundaries or exact definition of a term or rule.
|
|
|
Wieloznaczność polega na wyborze między znaczeniami; nieostrość – na ustaleniu, jak daleko sięga jedno znaczenie. start learning
|
|
Ambiguity is a matter of choosing between meanings; vagueness is a matter of deciding how far a single meaning extends. Ambiguity is a matter of choosing between meanings; vagueness is a matter of deciding how far a single meaning extends.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
legal ground, legal ground, legal ground. Legal ground: which laws, rules, or principles give you the right to claim or defend. legal ground, legal ground, legal ground. Legal ground: which laws, rules, or principles give you the right to claim or defend. legal ground, legal ground, legal ground. Legal ground: which laws, rules, or principles give you the right to claim or defend.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
The derivational interpretation derivational interpretation the derivational interpretation
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
revocation of a donation, revocation of a donation, revocation of a donation
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
revocation of a privilege
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
revocation of a power attorney revocation of a power attorney
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Mocodawca może w każdej chwili odwołać pełnomocnictwo udzielone pełnomocnikowi. start learning
|
|
The principal may revoke the attorney's authority at any time.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Testament może zostać odwołany przez testatora w każdej chwili przed śmiercią. start learning
|
|
A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death. A will may be revoked by the testator at any time before death
|
|
|
Oferta została odwołana przed jej przyjęciem start learning
|
|
The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted. The offer was revoked before it was accepted.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Rejection means the refusal to accept, approve, or recognize something that has been submitted or proposed under the law. Rejection means the refusal to accept, approve, or recognize something that has been submitted or proposed under the law.
|
|
|
„Odrzucenie oferty powoduje jej natychmiastowe wygaśnięcie.” start learning
|
|
“Rejection of an offer terminates the offer immediately.”
|
|
|
Sąd postanowił odrzucić apelację jako niedopuszczalną. start learning
|
|
The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible. The court ordered the rejection of the appeal as inadmissible.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Lapse of time lapse of time lapse of time means the expiration of a specified period, after which a right, claim, offer, or legal power ceases to have effect. Lapse of time means the expiration of a specified period, after which a right, claim, offer, or legal power ceases to have effect.
|
|
|
upływ czasu uniemozliwia dochodzenie roszczenia start learning
|
|
Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action, Lapse of time bars an action
|
|
|
wygaśnięcie zapisu testamentowego (np. gdy zapisobiorca umrze przed spadkodawcą). start learning
|
|
Lapse of legacy: the expiration of a testamentary legacy (e.g., when the legatee dies before the testator). Lapse of legacy: the expiration of a testamentary legacy (e.g., when the legatee dies before the testator).
|
|
|
w zamian za prawa, w związku z prawami, biorąc pod uwagę prawa start learning
|
|
In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights. In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights. In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights. In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights, In consideration of the rights
|
|
|
W zamian za prawa udzielone na mocy niniejszej umowy, Licencjobiorca zobowiązuje się do zapłaty opłaty licencyjnej. start learning
|
|
In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee. In consideration of the rights granted under this Agreement, the Licensee agrees to pay the Licensor the licence fee.
|
|
|
„Każdy powinien korzystać ze swoich wolności, mając na uwadze prawa i wolności innych osób. start learning
|
|
“Everyone shall exercise their freedoms in consideration of the rights and freedoms of others.” “Everyone shall exercise their freedoms in consideration of the rights and freedoms of others.”
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Forbearance. Forbearance FORBEARANCE is the act of refraining from exercising a legal right, especially the enforcement of a debt or claim. Forbearance. Forbearance FORBEARANCE is the act of refraining from exercising a legal right, especially the enforcement of a debt or claim.
|
|
|
Wierzyciel zgodził się na sześciomiesięczny okres powstrzymania się od egzekucji długu. start learning
|
|
The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months. The creditor agreed to a forbearance period of six months.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Detriment is a loss, harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a loss, harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a loss, harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation. Detriment is a harm, or disadvantage suffered by a person as a result of an act, omission, or obligation.
|
|
|
Powód poniósł finansowy uszczerbek w wyniku działania pozwanego. start learning
|
|
The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct. The claimant suffered a financial detriment as a result of the defendant's conduct.
|
|
|
wzajemne zobowiązania wzajemne obietnice wzajemne wzajemne prawa i obowiązki start learning
|
|
Reciprocal obligations Reciprocal promises Reciprocal rights and duties Reciprocal obligations Reciprocal promises Reciprocal rights and duties
|
|
|
Każda ze stron podejmuje się wzajemnych zobowiązań wynikających z umowy. start learning
|
|
Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement. Each party undertakes reciprocal obligations under the agreement.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer
|
|
|
zrobić coś w określonym czasie w przyszłości start learning
|
|
to do something by particular time in the future
|
|
|
Wykonawca zobowiązuje się dostarczyć towar do uzgodnionej daty. start learning
|
|
The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date. The contractor shall deliver the goods by the agreed date.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
TO RECTIFY A PROBLEM TO RECTIFY A PROBLEM
|
|
|
Sąd może nakazać pozwanemu usunięcie stanu niezgodnego z prawem. start learning
|
|
The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation. The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation. The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation. The court may order the defendant to rectify the unlawful situation.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
otrzymać odszkodowanie w wysokości określonej kwoty pieniędzy start learning
|
|
to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage, to be awarded an amount of money in damage
|
|
|
pozwać kogoś z powodu czegoś start learning
|
|
to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something, to sue someone on the grounds of something
|
|
|
pozwaliśmy go z powodu naruszenia umowy start learning
|
|
we sued him on a ground of breach of contract we sued him on a ground of breach of contract
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
dostosować się do ustawy, działać zgodnie z ustawą start learning
|
|
to comply with the statue
|
|
|
Niezastosowanie się do ustawy może skutkować odpowiedzialnością karną. start learning
|
|
Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability. Failure to comply with the statute may result in criminal liability.
|
|
|
być na bieżąco z prawem”, „śledzić zmiany w prawie”, „aktualizować swoją wiedzę prawną”. start learning
|
|
To keep up to date with the law
|
|
|
zajmować się prawem pracy start learning
|
|
to work in employment law
|
|
|
zgodnie z obowiązującym ustawodawstwem start learning
|
|
under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation, under current legislation
|
|
|
przechowywać informacje na komputerze start learning
|
|
to hold information on a computer to hold information on a computer
|
|
|
dzień rozpoczęcia, moment początkowy start learning
|
|
the starting day, the starting day, the starting day the starting day, the starting day, the starting day
|
|
|
Termin przedawnienia biegnie od dnia, w którym powód dowiedział się o szkodzie. start learning
|
|
The limitation period runs from the date on which the claimant became aware of the damage. The limitation period runs from the date on which the claimant became aware of the damage.
|
|
|
Uprawnienia do zasiłku chorobowego start learning
|
|
Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement, Sick payment entitlement
|
|
|
Pracownikom przysługuje ustawowe prawo do wynagrodzenia chorobowego po czterech kolejnych dniach niezdolności do pracy. start learning
|
|
Employees have a statutory sick pay entitlement after four consecutive days of sickness.
|
|
|
adres do doręczeń (zawiadomień, oświadczeń, wezwań) start learning
|
|
ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, Address for notices to be served ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, ADDRESS FOR SERVICE, Address for notices to be served
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Każda ze stron wskazuje adres do doręczeń, a każde zawiadomienie doręczone na ten adres uznaje się za skutecznie doręczone. start learning
|
|
an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. Each party shall provide an address for notices to be served, and any notice delivered to that address shall be deemed duly served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. Each party shall provide an address for notices to be served, and any notice delivered to that address shall be deemed duly served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. an address for notices to be served. Each party shall provide an address for notices to be served, and any notice delivered to that address shall be deemed duly served.
|
|
|
być winnym poważnego wykroczenia start learning
|
|
to be guilty of serious misconduct
|
|
|
być winnym poważnego zaniedbania, dopuścić się poważnego zaniedbania start learning
|
|
to be guilty of serious neglect to be guilty of serious neglect
|
|
|
niekorzystnie wpływać, oddziaływać negatywnie start learning
|
|
adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect, adversely affect
|
|
|
Opóźnienie w płatności negatywnie wpłynęło na płynność finansową wykonawcy. start learning
|
|
The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow. The delay in payment adversely affected the contractor's cash flow.
|
|
|
Żadna zmiana umowy nie może naruszać praw stron w sposób niekorzystny. start learning
|
|
Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties. Any amendment to the agreement shall not adversely affect the rights of the parties.
|
|
|
istotny, wyróżniający się, kluczowy start learning
|
|
salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient, salient,
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case, salient point of the case
|
|
|
Pełnomocnik podkreślił istotne fakty przemawiające za obroną. start learning
|
|
Counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense. counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense. Counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense. counsel highlighted the salient facts supporting the defense.
|
|
|
Pozwała gazetę o zniesławienie po opublikowaniu fałszywych informacji. start learning
|
|
She sued the newspaper for defamation after it published false statements about her. She sued the newspaper for defamation after it published false statements about her.
|
|
|
Powód pozwał pozwanego z powodu zniesławienia i naruszenia prywatności. start learning
|
|
The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy. The claimant sued the defendant on the grounds of defamation and invasion of privacy.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
powództwo o ustalenie ojcostwa start learning
|
|
paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action, paternity suit/ paternity action
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
sporny, wywołujący spór (w znaczeniu ogólnym), sprawny sądowo / procesowy (w znaczeniu prawniczym). start learning
|
|
Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious, Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious, Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious, Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious
|
|
|
Sąd rozpoznaje sprawy sporne, takie jak spory z umów. start learning
|
|
The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes. The court handles contentious matters such as contract disputes.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious relating to disputes that are or may be resolved through dispute. Contentious, contentious, contentious, contentious relating to disputes that are or may be resolved through dispute.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings, contentious proceedings
|
|
|
prawnik od spraw spornych start learning
|
|
|
|
|
on specjalizuje się w sprawach procesowych przed sądami cywilnymi. start learning
|
|
He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts. He specializes in contentious matters before civil courts.
|
|
|
trudny interes, wymagający ostrożności, podchwytliwy start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Roszczenie o niesłuszne zwolnienie start learning
|
|
Claim for unfair dismissal Claim for unfair dismissal
|
|
|
minimalny okres wypowiedzenia start learning
|
|
the minimum notice period the minimum notice period
|
|
|
Być skazanym za przestępstwo start learning
|
|
To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence, To be convicted of a criminal offence
|
|
|
Została skazana za poważne przestępstwo z Kodeksu karnego. start learning
|
|
She was convicted of a serious criminal offence under the Penal Code.
|
|
|
on został skazany za kradzież na 6 miesięcy więzienia start learning
|
|
He was convicted of theft and sentenced to six months in prison. He was convicted of theft and sentenced to six months in prison. He was convicted of theft and sentenced to six months in prison.
|
|
|
znajdować się w stanie upadłości orzeczonej przez sąd. start learning
|
|
to be a subject of a bankruptcy order
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Osoba objęta postanowieniem o ogłoszeniu upadłości nie może pełnić funkcji dyrektora spółki. start learning
|
|
A person who is the subject of a bankruptcy order cannot act as a company director. A person who is the subject of a bankruptcy order cannot act as a company director.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to incure losses, to incure losses, to incure losses to incure losses, to incure losses, to incure losses
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Wstrzymanie się od wykonania określonego prawa, zwłaszcza prawa do egzekwowania długu lub roszczenia. start learning
|
|
Forbearance: the act of refraining from exercising a legal right, especially the right to enforce a debt or claim. Forbearance: the act of refraining from exercising a legal right, especially the right to enforce a debt or claim.
|
|
|
Najemca poprosił o wstrzymanie płatności czynszu ze względu na trudną sytuację finansową. start learning
|
|
The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship. The tenant requested forbearance on rent payments due to financial hardship.
|
|
|
Wierzyciel zgodził się wstrzymać się z podjęciem działań prawnych przez sześć miesięcy. start learning
|
|
The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months. The creditor agreed to forbear from taking legal action for six months.
|
|
|
Powstrzymać się od wykonania uprawnienia lub od podjęcia kroków prawnych. start learning
|
|
To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action. To forbear: to refrain from exercising a legal right or taking legal action.
|
|
|
Powstrzymać się od dochodzenia swoich praw Zaniechać wykonywania uprawnienia start learning
|
|
to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights, to forbear from enforcing rights,
|
|
|
powstrzymać się od podjęcia kroków prawnych start learning
|
|
to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action, to forbear from legal action
|
|
|
Twoja rada nie jest już potrzebna start learning
|
|
your counsel is no longer needed your counsel is no longer needed
|
|
|
„to ma zbyt duże znaczenie / zbyt poważne skutki / jest zbyt doniosłe w skutkach”. start learning
|
|
It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential. It is too consequential.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to deposit money to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account to deposit money to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account
|
|
|
rachunek bieżący / rachunek bieżący start learning
|
|
current account/ checking account
|
|
|
przekroczenie konta bankowego, debet start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received. A bill is a demand for payment for goods or services you have received.
|
|
|
wypłacić pieniądze z konta bankowego start learning
|
|
to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account to withdraw: to take money out of the a bank account
|
|
|
Być uprawnionym – być uprawnionym / kwalifikować się / posiadać warunki do czegoś. start learning
|
|
To be eligible, to be eligible, to be eligible To be eligible, to be eligible, to be eligible
|
|
|
on Nie spełnia warunków do otrzymania zasiłku dla bezrobotnych start learning
|
|
He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits. He is not eligible to claim unemployment benefits.
|
|
|
Opłaty bankowe do poniesienia start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
bank charges, charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges bank charges, charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges bank charges, charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges, bank charges
|
|
|
Na tym wyciągu z konta musi być błąd! start learning
|
|
There must be a mistake in this bank statement!
|
|
|
potwierdzić ważność, zatwierdzić, zweryfikować start learning
|
|
To validate, to validate to validate means to confirm that something is legally or factually correct, officially acceptable, or based on truth or evidence. To validate, to validate to validate means to confirm that something is legally or factually correct, officially acceptable, or based on truth or evidence.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
potwierdzić ważność umowy start learning
|
|
to validate a contract, to validate a contract, to validate a contract to validate a contract, to validate a contract, to validate a contract
|
|
|
Sąd potwierdził ważność umowy mimo wady formalnej. start learning
|
|
The court validated the contract despite the formal defect. The court validated the contract despite the formal defect. the court validated the contract despite the formal defect. The court validated the contract despite the formal defect.
|
|
|
Wszelkie niejasności w umowie będą interpretowane na niekorzyść jej autora. start learning
|
|
Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter. Any ambiguity in the contract will be construed against the drafter.
|
|
|
Wykładnia umowy zależy od rzeczywistego zamiaru stron. start learning
|
|
The construction of the contract depends on the parties' true intention. The construction of the contract depends on the parties’ true intention.
|
|
|
Nasze wydatki przekraczają przychód. start learning
|
|
Our expenses exceed income.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
outgoings, outgoings, outgoings outgoings a word for all of the money you spend it could be every month or every year.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to have to pay money to someone else
|
|
|
Pozwany jest winien powodowi znaczną sumę pieniędzy. start learning
|
|
The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money. The defendant owes the claimant a substantial sum of money.
|
|
|
debet, mieć kredyt w rachunku bieżącym, mieć limit debetowy na rachunku bieżącym start learning
|
|
to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility, to have an overdraft facility,
|
|
|
Bank może wypowiedzieć limit debetowy w razie naruszenia warunków przez klienta. start learning
|
|
The bank may terminate the overdraft limit if the customer breaches the terms and conditions. The bank may terminate the overdraft facility on notice if the customer breaches the terms.
|
|
|
Na moim koncie widnieją dwa obciążenia za wczoraj start learning
|
|
My account shows two debits for yesterday My account shows two debits for yesterday
|
|
|
Zauważyłem nieoczekiwaną kwotę obciążenia na moim wyciągu. start learning
|
|
I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement. I noticed an unexpected debit on my statement.
|
|
|
Próbuję zmniejszyć swoje całkowite wydatki start learning
|
|
I am trying to reduce my total outgoings
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
To default on a loan means to breach the repayment obligations arising under a loan contract by failing to make the payments when they fall due, whether in whole or in part.
|
|
|
Pozwany nie spłacił pożyczki, nie dokonując spłaty rat wymagalnych zgodnie z umową pożyczki. start learning
|
|
The Defendant defaulted on the loan by failing to make the instalments due under the loan agreement The Defendant defaulted on the loan by failing to make the instalments due under the loan agreement
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Contractual default interest. Contractual default interests means the rate of interest agreed by the parties in the contract, payable in the event of a default, particularly a failure to make a payment when due. Contractual default interest means the rate of interest agreed by the parties in the contract, payable in the event of a default, particularly a failure to make a payment when due.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
mieć dobrą historię płacenia start learning
|
|
to have a good history of paying to have a good history of paying
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Arrears are sums of money that have become due and remain unpaid past the agreed date. The term is commonly used in relation to rent, loan instalments, maintenance payments, or any other recurring financial obligations.
|
|
|
Sąd może wyegzekwować zaległe alimenty na rzecz dziecka. start learning
|
|
Child maintenance arrears can be enforced by the court. Child maintenance arrears can be enforced by the court.
|
|
|
Twoje saldo to kwota pieniędzy, którą masz na swoim koncie bankowym start learning
|
|
Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account Your balance is the amount of money that you have got in your bank account
|
|
|
„Problem utworzenia państwa jest rozwiązywalny nawet dla narodu diabłów, o ile posiadają rozum.” — Immanuel Kant, Wieczny pokój start learning
|
|
The problem of establishing a state is soluble even for a nation of devils, provided they have reason.” — Immanuel Kant, Perpetual Peace (1795)
|
|
|
wpływać negatywnie, oddziaływać niekorzystnie, naruszać w sposób szkodliwy start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Opóźnienie może niekorzystnie wpłynąć na prawa powoda. start learning
|
|
The delay may adversely affect the claimant's rights The delay may adversely affect the claimant's rights
|
|
|
Nowy warunek niekorzystnie wpłynie na sytuację wykonawcy. start learning
|
|
The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation. The new condition will adversely affect the contractor's situation.
|
|
|
negatywny wpływ, niekorzystny skutek start learning
|
|
|
|
|
niekorzystny, szkodliwy, niepożądany, start learning
|
|
adverse, adverse, adverse, adverse, adverse, adverse
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
zasiedzenie/ posiadanie wbrew prawu właściciela start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
interes sprzeczny z interesem innej strony start learning
|
|
adverse interest, adverse interest adverse interest, adverse interest an interest that is contrary to the interest of another party
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
defense, defense, defence, defence defense, defense, defence, defence defense, defense, defence, defence
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender, a criminal; an offender
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
break the law, break the law, break the law break the law, break the law, break the law
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
insecure, insecure, insecure insecure, insecure, insecure
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
prawa zostały negatywnie naruszone start learning
|
|
the rights were adversely affected the rights were adversely affected
|
|
|
niekorzystnie wpływać na coś start learning
|
|
to adversely affect something to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something
|
|
|
Przedłużająca się bezczynność organu niekorzystnie wpłynęła na prawa procesowe skarżącego. start learning
|
|
The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights. The prolonged inaction of the authority adversely affected the claimant's procedural rights.
|
|
|
niewłaściwe postępowanie o charakterze poważniejszym, naruszenie obowiązków, zasad, procedur lub prawa. start learning
|
|
misconduct, misconduct, misconduct misconduct, misconduct, misconduct
|
|
|
pracownika zwolniono za poważne naruszenie obowiązków start learning
|
|
the employee was dismissed for misconduct the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct. the employee was dismissed for misconduct.
|
|
|
nadużycie funkcji publicznej start learning
|
|
misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office, misconduct in public office
|
|
|
nieprawidłowości finansowe start learning
|
|
financial misconduct, financial misconduct, financial misconduct financial misconduct, financial misconduct, financial misconduct
|
|
|
Fakt istotny (prawnie doniosły) start learning
|
|
Material fact Material fact – a fact that determines the legal outcome or influences the decision of a party. Material fact – a fact that determines the legal outcome or influences the decision of a party.
|
|
|
Istotna okoliczność (bez doniosłości prawnej) start learning
|
|
SIGNIFICANT CIRCUMSTANCE Significant circumstance – an important circumstance, but not necessarily one that is legally decisive. SIGNIFICANT CIRCUMSTANCE Significant circumstance – an important circumstance, but not necessarily one that is legally decisive.
|
|
|
„ prawo istnieje jako zwykły fakt i innymi słowy to, czym jest prawo, w żaden sposób nie zależy od tego, czym powinno być”. start learning
|
|
“The law exists as a plain fact, in other words, and what the law is in no way depends on what it should be.” “Dworkin presents this statement as a description of the positivist position, not as his own thesis.” “The law exists as a plain fact, in other words, and what the law is in no way depends on what it should be.”
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Odsetki ustawowe nadal narastają aż do dnia pełnej zapłaty. start learning
|
|
Statutory interest continues to accrue until full payment is made. Statutory interest continues to accrue until the date of full payment.
|
|
|
Wszelkie niezapłacone opłaty będą podlegały naliczaniu odsetek według stawki umownej. start learning
|
|
Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate. Any unpaid fees will be subject to interest at the contractual rate.
|
|
|
stopa kredytu, oprocentowanie pożyczki start learning
|
|
|
|
|
niewazny, nieskuteczny, niedopuszczalny, wadliwy start learning
|
|
an informal way of saying not suitable or not acceptable
|
|
|
Ten dowód jest bezwartościowy / niedopuszczalny start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Umowa jest prawnie nieskuteczna. start learning
|
|
The contract is no good in law. the contract is no good on law
|
|
|
brać pod uwagę zasady prawa start learning
|
|
pay attention to the principle of law pay attention to the principle of law
|
|
|
stworzyć wiążący precedens start learning
|
|
to create a binding precedent
|
|
|
uzasadnienie rozstrzygnięcia, RATIO DEDICENDI start learning
|
|
reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision, reasoning behind the decision
|
|
|
Zrozumienie argumentacji leżącej u podstaw rozstrzygnięcia jest konieczne do oceny jego zgodności z prawem. start learning
|
|
Understanding the reasoning behind the decision is essential for assessing its compliance with the applicable law. Understanding the reasoning behind the decision is essential for assessing its compliance with the applicable law.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Manifest injustice means an outcome that is clearly, obviously, and seriously unfair, to such an extent that allowing it to stand would undermine the integrity of the judicial process. Manifest injustice means an outcome that is clearly, obviously, and seriously unfair, to such an extent that allowing it to stand would undermine the integrity of the judicial process.
|
|
|
istotny dla / mający znaczenie dla / dotyczący / związany z start learning
|
|
relevant to, relevant to, relevant to relevant to, relevant to, relevant to
|
|
|
Dokumenty te nie mają znaczenia dla ustalenia odpowiedzialności. start learning
|
|
These documents are not relevant to liability. These documents are not relevant to determining liability. These documents are not relevant to liability.
|
|
|
pisemne Oświadczenie złożone pod przysięga start learning
|
|
affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit, affidavit
|
|
|
rażące wprowadzenie w błąd, rażące przekłamanie, start learning
|
|
gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation, gross misrepresentation,
|
|
|
Sąd uznał, że postępowanie pozwanego stanowiło poważne wprowadzenie w błąd co do sytuacji finansowej przedsiębiorstwa. start learning
|
|
The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company. The court held that the defendant’s conduct constituted gross misrepresentation of the financial condition of the company.
|
|
|
Rażące wprowadzenie w błąd może być podstawą do odstąpienia od umowy. start learning
|
|
Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract. Gross misrepresentation may justify rescission of the contract.
|
|
|
Muszę zgłosić sprzeciw. To zupełnie nie ma związku ze sprawą. start learning
|
|
I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue. I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue. I have to object. this is completely irrelevant to the issue.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive, substantive
|
|
|
Czy poprawnie przedstawiłem Twoje stanowisko? Jeśli nie, chcę, żebyś je powtórzył. start learning
|
|
did I state your position correctly? if I did not state your position correctly I want you to restate. did I state your position correctly? if I did not state your position correctly I want you to restate.
|
|
|
niekorzystnie wpływać na coś, działać negatywnie. start learning
|
|
to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something, to adversely affect something,
|
|
|
ktoś/coś dotknięte negatywnymi skutkami. start learning
|
|
someone/something affected by negative effects, someone/something affected by negative effects, someone/something affected by negative effects. someone/something affected by negative effects, someone/something affected by negative effects, someone/something affected by negative effects.
|
|
|
dotkniętych negatywnymi skutkami start learning
|
|
affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effected affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effects, affected by adverse effected
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
the offer has lapsed, the offer has lapsed
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer, to make a counter offer
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to revoke an offer, to revoke an offer, to revoke an offer, to revoke an offer
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to revoke a power of attorney, to revoke a power of attorney, to revoke a power of attorney, to revoke a power of attorney
|
|
|
świadczenie musi być wzajemne. start learning
|
|
Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal. Consideration must be reciprocal.
|
|
|
ponieść uszczerbek / doznać szkody start learning
|
|
to suffer a detriment. to suffer a detriment. to suffer a detriment
|
|
|
wykonać świadczenie wzajemne start learning
|
|
to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration, to provide consideration,
|
|
|
Każda ze stron musi wykonać świadczenie wzajemne jako warunek zawarcia wiążącej umowy. start learning
|
|
Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract. Each party must provide consideration as a condition of forming a binding contract.
|
|
|
wprowadzające w błąd sprawozdania finansowe skłoniło inwestora do zawarcia umowy. start learning
|
|
Gross misrepresentation of the financial statements induced the investor to enter into the agreement. Gross misrepresentation of the financial statements induced the investor to enter into the agreement.
|
|
|
Powód podnosił, że zachowanie sprzedawcy stanowiło rażące wprowadzenie w błąd. start learning
|
|
The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation. The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation. The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation. The claimant argued that the seller’s conduct amounted to gross misrepresentation.
|
|
|
Powód jest uprawniony do otrzymania odsetek ustawowych. start learning
|
|
The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest. The claimant is eligible to receive statutory interest.
|
|
|
Jedynie pracownicy z co najmniej dwuletnim stażem kwalifikują się do odprawy start learning
|
|
Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay. Only employees with at least two years of service are eligible for redundancy pay.
|
|
|
Zasady są wymogami/ nakazami optymalizacyjnymi start learning
|
|
“Principles are optimization requirements, optimization commands." Robert Alexy
|
|
|
Sąd zażądał pisemnego oświadczenia złożonego pod przysięga potwierdzającego ustalenia faktyczne. start learning
|
|
The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case. The court required an affidavit confirming the facts of the case.
|
|
|
Złożył fałszywy affidavit, co stanowi przestępstwo krzywoprzysięstwa. start learning
|
|
He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury. He filed a false affidavit, which constitutes perjury.
|
|
|
procedura rozpatrywania skarg pracowniczych start learning
|
|
|
|
|
wypowiedzenie umowy o pracę start learning
|
|
letter of resignation, letter of resignation,
|
|
|
Niniejszym składam moje pismo rezygnacyjne z zachowaniem wymaganego okresu wypowiedzenia. start learning
|
|
I hereby submit my letter of resignation with the required notice period.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
a notice period, a notice period, a notice period, a notice period a notice period, a notice period, a notice period, a notice period a notice period, a notice period, a notice period, a notice period
|
|
|
odprawa z tytułu zwolnienia start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
wypowiedzenie z winy pracodawcy start learning
|
|
|
|
|
niesprawiedliwe zwolnienie start learning
|
|
unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal, unfair dismissal
|
|
|
mieć roszczenie wobec pracodawcy start learning
|
|
to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer, to have a grievance against an employer
|
|
|
kwalifikować się do zwolnienia warunkowego start learning
|
|
to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol, to be eligible for parol
|
|
|
Kwalifikacja do warunkowego zwolnienia nie tworzy uprawnienia do zwolnienia, start learning
|
|
Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release. Eligibility for parole does not create an entitlement to release.
|
|
|
odsetki za opóźnienie umowne, odsetki za opóźnienie umowne, odsetki za opóźnienie umowne, start learning
|
|
contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests, contractual default interests,
|
|
|
zasada proporcjonalności w szerokim rozumieniu: test odpowiedniości, test konieczności, test proporcjonalności w sensie ścisłym start learning
|
|
proportionality principle in the board sense: the suitability test (appriopriateness test), the necessity test, the proportionality sensu stricto test (balancing test) proportionality principle in the board sense: the suitability test (appriopriateness test), the necessity test, the proportionality sensu stricto test (balancing test)
|
|
|
Strony podjęły wobec siebie wzajemne zobowiązania na podstawie umowy. start learning
|
|
The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract. The parties undertook reciprocal obligations under the contract.
|
|
|
Obie strony wniosły wzajemne świadczenia. start learning
|
|
Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration. Both parties provided reciprocal consideration.
|
|
|
Z chwilą wykonania umowy powstają wzajemne prawa i obowiązki. start learning
|
|
Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed. Reciprocal rights and duties arise once the agreement is executed.
|
|
|
uwięzienie, pozbawienie wolności, osadzenie w zakładzie karnym start learning
|
|
incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration, incarceration
|
|
|
otrzymać odszkodowanie w przypadku naruszenia umowy start learning
|
|
to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract, to be awarded damages in the case of a breach of a contract
|
|
|
wielokrotne nieterminowe płacenie doprowadziło do odstąpienia od umowy start learning
|
|
repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. Repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. Repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract. Repeated failure to pay on time led to the repudiation of the contract.
|
|
|
podnosić zarzuty, twierdzenia, przedstawiać stanowisko (prawo cywilne) start learning
|
|
to plead, to plead, to plead to plead, to plead, to plead to plead, to plead, to plead
|
|
|
pisma procesowe, twierdzenia i zarzuty stron start learning
|
|
pleadings, pleadings, pleadings pleadings, pleadings, pleadings pleadings, pleadings, pleadings
|
|
|
Pozwany nie przedstawił żadnej ważnej obrony. start learning
|
|
The defendant failed to plead any valid defence.
|
|
|
Pełnomocnik umiejętnie przedstawił sprawę przed Sądem Najwyższym. start learning
|
|
Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court. Counsel skillfully pleaded the case before the High Court.
|
|
|
PRZEDAWNIONY, objęty przedawnieniem start learning
|
|
TIME-BARRED, time-barred, time barred. TIME-BARRED, time-barred, time-barred
|
|
|
Pozwany podniósł zarzut przedawnienia roszczenia. start learning
|
|
The defendant raised the defense that the claim was time-barred.
|
|
|
Przedawnione zadłużenie nie może zostać wyegzekwowane przed sądem. start learning
|
|
A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court. A time-barred debt cannot be enforced in court.
|
|
|
Powództwo zostało oddalone jako przedawnione. start learning
|
|
The action was dismissed as time-barred. The claim was dismissed as time-barred.
|
|
|
roszczenie uległo przedawnieniu start learning
|
|
the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred, the claim is time-barred,
|
|
|
naruszyć cudzą własność / wkroczyć bez uprawnienia na cudzy teren (lub w cudzą sferę prawną) start learning
|
|
To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone. To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone. To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone. To trespass, to trespass, to trespass, Definition: to trespass means to interfere with something or someone.
|
|
|
„Wtargnięcie” oznacza bezprawne naruszenie czyjejś własności, dóbr lub osobistej autonomii. start learning
|
|
“To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy. “To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy. “To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy.“To trespass” means to unlawfully interfere with someone’s property, goods, or personal autonomy.
|
|
|
bezprawne naruszenie nietykalności osobistej start learning
|
|
Trespass to the person – unlawful invasion of personal integrity (includes assault, battery, false imprisonment). Trespass to the person – unlawful invasion of personal integrity (includes assault, battery, false imprisonment) Trespass to the person – unlawful invasion of personal integrity (includes assault, battery, false imprisonment). Trespass to the person – unlawful invasion of personal integrity (includes assault, battery, false imprisonment).
|
|
|
bezprawne wtargniecie na cudzy grunt start learning
|
|
trespass to land, trespass to the land, trespass to land
|
|
|
Wejście na nieruchomość bez zgody właściciela stanowi naruszenie miru domowego / bezprawne wtargnięcie. start learning
|
|
trespass to land. trespass to land. trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land. trespass to land. trespass to land. trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land. Entering the property without the owner's consent constitutes trespass to land.
|
|
|
delikt polegający na wywołaniu u innej osoby uzasadnionej obawy przed natychmiastową przemocą fizyczną. start learning
|
|
The tort of assault – a tort of causing another person to have a reasonable fear of immediate physical violence.
|
|
|
wypowiedź zniesławiająca / pomawiająca, czyli taka, która obiektywnie szkodzi reputacji danej osoby. start learning
|
|
Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement, Defamatory statement,
|
|
|
Artykuł zawierał zniesławiające oświadczenie, zarzucające powodowi nadużycia zawodowe. start learning
|
|
The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct. The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct. The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct. The article contained a defamatory statement alleging that the claimant had engaged in professional misconduct.
|
|
|
zniesławienie, pomówienie start learning
|
|
Defamation, defamation, defamation, defamation Defamation, defamation, defamation, defamation Defamation, defamation, defamation, defamation
|
|
|
nieprawdziwość / fałszywość (w sensie prawnym. start learning
|
|
Falsity, Falsity, Falsity Falsity is the quality of a statement being untrue, meaning it does not correspond to objective facts and misrepresents reality. Falsity, Falsity, Falsity Falsity is the quality of a statement being untrue, meaning it does not correspond to objective facts and misrepresents reality.
|
|
|
Bank może wypowiedzieć limit debetowy, jeżeli klient narusza umowę rachunku. start learning
|
|
The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. OVERDRAFT FACILITY, OVERDRAFT FACILITY The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. The bank may terminate the overdraft facility if the customer breaches the account agreement. OVERDRAFT FACILITY, OVERDRAFT FACILITY
|
|
|
Sprawiedliwość spóźniona to odmówienie sprawiedliwości. start learning
|
|
Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied. Justice delayed is justice denied.
|
|
|
zniesławienie w formie trwałej start learning
|
|
label, label, label (publishing the defamatory statement in a permanent form) (permanent defamation) label, label, label (publishing the defamatory statement in a permanent form) (permanent defamation)
|
|
|
Zamieszczanie zniesławiających komentarzy w mediach społecznościowych może stanowić zniesławienie start learning
|
|
Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel. Posting defamatory comments on social media may constitute a libel.
|
|
|
umyślne i bezprawne fizyczne naruszenie integralności cielesnej innej osoby. start learning
|
|
Battery, Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact), Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact), Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact) Battery, Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact), Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact), Battery (intentional, unlawful, without consent, direct or indirect contact)
|
|
|
Battery wymaga rzeczywistego kontaktu fizycznego, podczas gdy assault może wystąpić bez dotknięcia ofiary. start learning
|
|
Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim. Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim. Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim. Battery requires actual physical contact, whereas assault can occur without touching the victim.
|
|
|
Sąd musi ustalić, czy zdarzenie było rozsądnie przewidywalnym skutkiem zachowania pozwanego. start learning
|
|
The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct. The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct. The court must determine whether the event was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendant's conduct.
|
|
|
Pozwany ponosi odpowiedzialność wyłącznie za straty, które były rozsądnie przewidywalne w chwili naruszenia. start learning
|
|
The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach. The defendant is liable only for losses that were reasonably foreseeable at the time of the breach.
|
|
|
roszczenie stanowiące podstawę powództwa start learning
|
|
actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim, actionable claim,
|
|
|
czyn niedozwolony stanowiący podstawę powództwa start learning
|
|
actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong, actionable wrong,
|
|
|
naruszenie stanowiące podstawę powództwa start learning
|
|
actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach, actionable breach,
|
|
|
szkoda rodząca odpowiedzialność start learning
|
|
actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage, actionable damage,
|
|
|
wprowadzające w błąd oświadczenie stanowiące podstawę odpowiedzialności start learning
|
|
actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation, actionable misrepresentation,
|
|
|
niedbalstwo rodzące odpowiedzialność start learning
|
|
negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability, negligence giving rise to liability
|
|
|
zachowanie stanowiące podstawę powództwa start learning
|
|
actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct, actionable conduct,
|
|
|
zaniechanie rodzące odpowiedzialność prawną, zaskarżalne zaniechanie start learning
|
|
actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission, actionable omission
|
|
|
naruszenie / ingerencja dająca podstawę powództwa start learning
|
|
actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference, actionable interference,
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect, deterrent effect
|
|
|
odstraszający od przestępstwa start learning
|
|
deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime, deterrent to crime,
|
|
|
typ odpowiedzialności deliktowej, rodzaj deliktu start learning
|
|
|
|
|
główny sprawca czynu niedozwolonego start learning
|
|
primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor, primary tortfeasor
|
|
|
współsprawca czynu niedozwolonego start learning
|
|
joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor, joint tortfeasor
|
|
|
ścigać sprawcę czynu niedozwolonego, dochodzić roszczeń przeciwko sprawcy deliktu / podjąć działania prawne wobec sprawcy czynu niedozwolonego. start learning
|
|
to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor, to pursue a tortfeasor,
|
|
|
bezzwłocznie, szybko, bez zbędnej zwłoki, natychmiast start learning
|
|
forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith, to pay forthwith
|
|
|
natychmiast zastosować się do start learning
|
|
to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith, to comply forthwith
|
|
|
dostarczyć dokumenty niezwłocznie start learning
|
|
to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith. to deliver documents forthwith
|
|
|
działać natychmiast, działać niezwłocznie, bezzębnej zwłoki start learning
|
|
to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith to act forthwith, to act forthwith, to act forthwith
|
|
|
natychmiast opuścić lokal start learning
|
|
to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith, to vacate the premises forthwith,
|
|
|
przez cały okres, w którym..., tak długo, jak..., w czasie, gdy..., w czasie trwania okresu start learning
|
|
during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as, during such time as,
|
|
|
przez cały okres w którym umowa pozostaje w mocy start learning
|
|
during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force, during such time as the contract remains in force
|
|
|
przez cały okres, gdy obowiązek nadal istnieje start learning
|
|
during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist. during such time as the obligation continues to exist
|
|
|
w niedalekiej przyszłości start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Prawo deliktów to gałąź prawa, która reguluje odpowiedzialność cywilną za wyrządzenie szkody. start learning
|
|
The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs. The law of tort is the law that deal with civil wrongs
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong civil wrong, civil wrong, civil wrong
|
|
|
popełnić czyn niedozwolony start learning
|
|
to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong, to commit a civil wrong
|
|
|
Podstawowym celem prawa deliktów jest zapewnienie środka ochrony prawnej osobom, które zostały pokrzywdzone działaniami innych. start learning
|
|
The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others. The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others. The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others. The principal purpose of the Law of Tort is to provide a remedy to those who have been wronged by others.
|
|
|
odszkodowanie, wyrównanie szkody start learning
|
|
remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy, remedy,
|
|
|
krzywdzić kogoś, wyrządzić komuś krzywdę / naruszyć czyjeś prawa / zaszkodzić komuś w sposób bezprawny start learning
|
|
to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody, to wrong somebody
|
|
|
Wyrządził jej krzywdę, publikując nieprawdziwe informacje. start learning
|
|
He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements. He wronged her by publishing false statements.
|
|
|
Być odpowiedzialnym za krzywdy/ szkody wyrządzone innym start learning
|
|
To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others, To be liable for wrongs to others,
|
|
|
Osoba może ponosić odpowiedzialność za wyrządzenie szkody innym, jeżeli jej niedbalstwo spowodowało szkodę. start learning
|
|
A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm. A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm. A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm. A person may be liable for harm to another if his or her negligence caused the harm.
|
|
|
naprawiać krzywdę, zadośćuczynić start learning
|
|
redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress, redress,
|
|
|
rekompensata lub środek naprawczy przysługujący za naruszenie prawa. start learning
|
|
Redress, Redress Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress, Redress Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong. Redress is the compensation or remedy provided for a legal wrong.
|
|
|
naruszać obowiązek staranności start learning
|
|
to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care, to breach the duty of care
|
|
|
udowodnienie szkody, wykazanie szkodyv start learning
|
|
prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm, prove of harm
|
|
|
Delikt jest czynem niedozwolonym rodzącym odpowiedzialność cywilną. start learning
|
|
Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred. Tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred.
|
|
|
Klauzula jest zbyt niejasna, aby można ją było wyegzekwować. start learning
|
|
The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable. The clause is too vague to be enforceable. the clause is too vague to be enforceable.
|
|
|
tort to czyn niedozwolony, powodujący odpowiedzialność cywilną start learning
|
|
a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred, a tort is a wrong for which civil liability is incurred
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
zachowanie przestępcze, bezprawne działanie start learning
|
|
wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing, wrongdoing
|
|
|
niezwłocznie, bezzwłocznie, bez żadnej zbędnej zwłoki. start learning
|
|
forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith, forthwith
|
|
|
niedbalstwo, niestaranność, zaniedbanie start learning
|
|
negligence, negligence, negligence means a breach of a legal duty to take a reasonable care that results on damage to the claimant negligence, negligence means a breach of a legal duty to take a reasonable care that results on damage to the claimant negligence, negligence, negligence means a breach of a legal duty to take a reasonable care that results on damage to the claimant negligence, negligence means a breach of a legal duty to take a reasonable care that results on damage to the claimant
|
|
|
zaniedbanie nie zakłada zamiaru start learning
|
|
negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend, negligence dose not assume intend
|
|
|
zaniedbanie nie jest celowe start learning
|
|
negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional, negligence is not intentional,
|
|
|
racjonalną (rozsądną) przewidywalność skutku, ocenianą z perspektywy „rozsądnej osoby” start learning
|
|
rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person. rational (reasonable) foreseeability of the effect, assessed from the perspective of a reasonable person.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity, proximity,
|
|
|
Pozwać kogoś z powodu zaniedbania. start learning
|
|
To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence. To sue somebody on the grounds of negligence.
|
|
|
Obowiązek należytej staranności powstaje, gdy szkoda jest rozsądnie przewidywalna. start learning
|
|
A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable. A duty of care arises when harm is reasonably foreseeable.
|
|
|
Szkoła nie wykonała ciążącego na niej obowiązku należytej staranności wobec uczniów. start learning
|
|
The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students. The school failed to fulfil its duty of due diligence towards its students
|
|
|
Pozwać kogoś z powodu bezprawnego pozbawienia wolności. start learning
|
|
To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment. To sue somebody on the grounds of false imprisonment.
|
|
|
pozwać kogoś z powodu naruszenia nietykalności cielesnej start learning
|
|
to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery, to sue somebody on the grounds of battery
|
|
|
Podstawową kategorią czynów niedozwolonych, do których zalicza się bezprawne pozbawienie wolności, napaść i pobicie, jest wtargnięcie na cudzy teren. start learning
|
|
The head of tort that includes false imprisonment, assault, and battery is trespass to the person.
|
|
|
pozwać kogoś z powodu zniesławienia start learning
|
|
to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander, to sue somebody on the ground of slander,
|
|
|
wytoczyć przeciwko komuś powództwo z tytułu zniesławienia w formie pisemnej start learning
|
|
to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel, to sue somebody on the ground of libel,
|
|
|
„Przewidywalne” oznacza, że skutki mojego działania są możliwe do przewidzenia start learning
|
|
foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable, foreseeable means that the results of my conduct are predictable
|
|
|
Czy pozwany naruszył obowiązek zachowania ostrożności? start learning
|
|
Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care? Is the defendant on breach in the duty of care?
|
|
|
Nie jestem zobowiązany do zachowania należytej staranności wobec każdego i w każdych okolicznościach. start learning
|
|
I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances. I do not owe the duty of care to everyone under all circumstances.
|
|
|
W prawie deliktowym obowiązek zachowania ostrożności nie ma charakteru absolutnego start learning
|
|
In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute. In the law of tort, the duty of care is not absolute.
|
|
|
Wytoczyć powództwo przeciwko komuś z tytułu zaniedbania (deliktu niedbalstwa). start learning
|
|
To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence, To bring a claim against somebody for negligence,
|
|
|
odstraszający, zniechęcający start learning
|
|
deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent, deterrent,
|
|
|
Sankcje karne pełnią funkcję represyjną oraz odstraszającą. start learning
|
|
Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent. Criminal sanctions serve both as punishment and as a deterrent.
|
|
|
być winnym niedbałego postępowania start learning
|
|
to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct, to be guilty of negligent conduct,
|
|
|
Sąd uznał, że wykonawca byl winny niedbałego działania podczas realizacji umowy. start learning
|
|
The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract. The court held that the contractor was guilty of negligent conduct during the performance of the contract.
|
|
|
mieć prawo do zadośćuczynienia/odszkodowania start learning
|
|
to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress, to be entitled to redress,
|
|
|
mieć wobec kogoś obowiązek zachowanie należytej staranności start learning
|
|
to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody, to owe a duty of care to somebody
|
|
|
Odległe szkody to straty, których nie można w racjonalny sposób przewidzieć jako konsekwencji zachowania pozwanego i które w związku z tym nie podlegają odszkodowaniu. start learning
|
|
Remote damages are losses that are not reasonably foreseeable as a consequence of the defendant’s conduct and therefore fall outside the scope of compensable harm.
|
|
|
Szkody odległe nie podlegają odpowiedzialności pozwanego. start learning
|
|
Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability. Remote damages fall outside the defendant’s scope of liability.
|
|
|
Sąd zbadał finansowe skutki zaniedbania pozwanego. start learning
|
|
The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence. The court examined the financial aftermath of the defendant’s negligence.
|
|
|
Skutki naruszenia spowodowały, że powód musiał ponieść znaczne koszty naprawcze. start learning
|
|
The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath, the aftermath The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath of the breach required the claimant to incur substantial remedial costs. The aftermath, the aftermath
|
|
|
następstwa, skutki czegoś start learning
|
|
aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of, aftermath of,
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence, oral evidence
|
|
|
Ponieważ zniesławienie pisemne jest deliktem zaskarżonym per se, podstawa nie musi wykazywać rzeczywistych szkód. start learning
|
|
Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage. Since libel is actionable per se, the claimant does not need to prove actual damage.
|
|
|
W przeciwieństwie do slander, libel jest zaskarżalny per se ze względu na trwały i szkodliwy charakter. start learning
|
|
Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature. Unlike slander, libel is actionable per se due to its permanent and harmful nature.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
Negligent behaviour negligent behaviour: careless behaviour that is likely to cause harm to another person. negligent behaviour: careless behaviour that is likely to cause harm to another person. negligent behaviour.
|
|
|
zadośćuczynienie oznacza to samo co odszkodowanie start learning
|
|
redress means the same as compensation
|
|
|
szkoda odległa: szkoda, której pozwany nie mógł rozsądnie przewidzieć start learning
|
|
remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee. remote damage: damage that the defendant could not reasonable forsee
|
|
|
przyjęcie oferty nie może nastąpić milczeniem start learning
|
|
acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence. acceptance of an offer cannot be made by silence.
|
|
|
miesięczne wyciągi (bankowe) miesięczne zestawienia start learning
|
|
|
|
|
Saldo to kwota pieniędzy, którą masz na swoim koncie bankowym. Saldo to kwota pieniędzy, którą masz na swoim koncie bankowym. Saldo to kwota pieniędzy, którą masz na swoim koncie bankowym. start learning
|
|
Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account. Balance is the amount of money that you have in your bank account.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money, to deposit money means to put it into a bank account
|
|
|
Rachunek bieżący to rachunek bankowy, z którego możesz korzystać w dowolnym momencie. start learning
|
|
a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time. a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time. a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time. a current account (a checking account) is a bank account that you can use at any time.
|
|
|
Bank odmówił realizacji czeku wystawionego przez pozwanego. start learning
|
|
The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant. The bank refused to honour the cheque issued by the defendant.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque — to formally create and sign a cheque, thereby instructing a bank to pay a specified sum of money to a named payee from the issuer’s account. to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque, to issue a cheque — to formally create and sign a cheque, thereby instructing a bank to pay a specified sum of money to a named payee from the issuer’s account.
|
|
|
w skodyfikowanych systemach prawa słowa mają jasne definicje. start learning
|
|
in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions. in codified legal systems words have a clear definitions.
|
|
|
Umowa ulega rozwiązaniu ze skutkiem natychmiastowym. start learning
|
|
the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith. the agreement shall be terminated forthwith.
|
|
|
w niedalekiej przyszłości, w niedalekiej przyszłości, w niedalekiej przyszłości, w niedalekiej przyszłości, start learning
|
|
in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon, in the near future/ soon
|
|
|
w czasie, gdy / podczas, w czasie, gdy start learning
|
|
during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while, during as such time as / while, during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while, during as such time as / while, during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while, during as such time as / while, during such as time as / while, during such as time as / while
|
|
|
w czasie obowiązywania niniejszej umowy strony uzgodniły następujące warunki. start learning
|
|
during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms. during such as time as this contract is in effect the parties agreed the following terms.
|
|
|
w przypadku naruszenia umowy/jeśli doszło do naruszenia umowy start learning
|
|
in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract, in the event of the breach of contract/ if there is a breach of contract
|
|
|
nie mniej niż/przynajmniej, start learning
|
|
not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least, not less then/ at least,
|
|
|
jednakże, jednakowoż, chociaż, pomimo, niezależnie od start learning
|
|
notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding notwithstanding notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding notwithstanding notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding, notwithstanding notwithstanding
|
|
|
Skoro, o tyle o ile, w takim zakresie w jakim, ponieważ, z tego względu że start learning
|
|
inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as, inasmuch as
|
|
|
Zgadzam się podpisać tę umowę pomimo faktu, że mam pewne wątpliwości co do możliwości dostarczenia mi towaru w terminie start learning
|
|
I Agree to sign this contract notwithstanding the fact that I have some doubts about your ability to deliver the goods to me on the due date I Agree to sign this contract notwithstanding the fact that I have some doubts about your ability to deliver the goods to me on the due date I Agree to sign this contract notwithstanding the fact that I have some doubts about your ability to deliver the goods to me on the due date
|
|
|
Niezależnie od jakichkolwiek innych postanowień niniejszej Umowy, niniejszy paragraf ma pierwszeństwo w przypadku jakiejkolwiek niezgodności lub kolizji przepisów. start learning
|
|
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this Section shall prevail in the event of any inconsistency or conflict. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this Section shall prevail in the event of any inconsistency or conflict. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, this Section shall prevail in the event of any inconsistency or conflict.
|
|
|
Niezależnie od powyższego, Dostawca nie ponosi odpowiedzialności za szkody pośrednie, następcze ani represyjne. start learning
|
|
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Supplier shall not be liable for indirect, consequential, or punitive damages.
|
|
|
Niezależnie od § 5, Klient nie jest zobowiązany do uzyskania uprzedniej zgody Wykonawcy w sprawach nagłych. start learning
|
|
Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters. Notwithstanding § 5, the Client is not obliged to obtain the prior consent of the Contractor in urgent matters.
|
|
|
Niezależnie od wystąpienia siły wyższej, każda ze Stron podejmie uzasadnione działania w celu ograniczenia skutków opóźnienia. start learning
|
|
Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay. Notwithstanding a force majeure event, each Party shall use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the delay.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as, until such time as,
|
|
|
Płatność zostanie wstrzymana do czasu, aż Zamawiający zweryfikuje kompletność robót. start learning
|
|
Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works. Payment shall be withheld until such time as the Client verifies the completeness of the works.
|
|
|
Nie było zaniedbania ze strony pozwanego. start learning
|
|
There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant. There was no negligence on the part of the defendant.
|
|
|
w niedalekiej przyszłości / wkrótce start learning
|
|
in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon, in the near future / soon,
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now, at the present time / now,
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if, in the event of/ if
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
on the part of his parents
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by, on the part of/ by
|
|
|
nie mniej niż/co najmniej, start learning
|
|
not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least, not less than/ at least
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to, prior to
|
|
|
przed podpisaniem / wykonaniem umowy, start learning
|
|
prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement, prior to signing / execution of the agreement
|
|
|
z zastrzeżeniem, uzależnione od, podlega start learning
|
|
subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to, subject to,
|
|
|
Z zastrzeżeniem ust. 10, Wykonawca... start learning
|
|
Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall... Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall... Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall..., Subject to Clause 10, the Contractor shall...
|
|
|
Płatność jest uzależniona od dostarczenia faktury. start learning
|
|
Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice... Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice... Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice... Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice. Payment is subject to delivery of the invoice.
|
|
|
Umowa podlega prawu polskiemu. start learning
|
|
The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. the Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. the Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law. the Agreement is subject to Polish law. The Agreement is subject to Polish law.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works, prior to commencement of works
|
|
|
przed dostawą / wykonaniem, start learning
|
|
prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance, prior to delivery / performance
|
|
|
przed datą wejścia w życie start learning
|
|
prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date, prior to the effective date
|
|
|
przed czymś, uprzednio do start learning
|
|
prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth. prior to sth.
|
|
|
Przed wystawieniem faktury. start learning
|
|
Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice. Prior to issuing the invoice.
|
|
|
Przed rozpoczęciem wykonania świadczenia start learning
|
|
Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance. Prior to the commencement of performance.
|
|
|
Czy cena towaru zawiera podatek? start learning
|
|
Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?” Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?” Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?, Is the price of the goods inclusive of tax?”
|
|
|
włączając w to, uwzględniając, zawierając start learning
|
|
inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of, inclusive of
|
|
|
Opłata obejmuje wszystkie koszty administracyjne. start learning
|
|
The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges. The fee is inclusive of all administrative charges.
|
|
|
„wskazany”, „odniesiony do”, „o którym mowa”, „do którego się odwołano”. start learning
|
|
referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to, referred to
|
|
|
zajmuje się prowadzeniem własnej działalności gospodarczej start learning
|
|
he is engaged running his own business
|
|
|
Być zaangażowanym w” oznacza „zajmować się”, „uczestniczyć w”, „prowadzić działalność w zakresie”, „być zaangażowanym w”. start learning
|
|
To be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in To be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in To be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in, to be engaged in
|
|
|
Opłata serwisowa za utrzymanie obejmuje aktualizacje oprogramowania i poprawki bezpieczeństwa. start learning
|
|
The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches. The maintenance fee is inclusive of software updates and security patches.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section, defined terms (definitions) section
|
|
|
duży sklep detaliczny, duża placówka handlowa. duży wylot start learning
|
|
large outlet, large outlet, large outlet, large outlet large outlet, large outlet, large outlet, large outlet large outlet, large outlet, large outlet, large outlet
|
|
|
Wszystkie płatności będą dokonywane zgodnie z postanowieniami wcześniejszej umowy. start learning
|
|
All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement. All payments shall be made subject to the terms of this Agreement.
|
|
|
To jest istotny warunek umowy. start learning
|
|
This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement. This is a material term of the Agreement.
|
|
|
Pierwotny okres obowiązywania niniejszej umowy wynosi 12 miesięcy. start learning
|
|
The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months. The initial term of this agreement is 12 months. The initial term of this Agreement shall be twelve (12) months.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, toto give notice of termination give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, toto give notice of termination give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, to give notice of termination, toto give notice of termination give notice of termination,
|
|
|
powiadomić, zawiadomić (formalnie) start learning
|
|
to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice, to give a notice
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something. procurement: a noun that means obtaining or getting something.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement, public procurement
|
|
|
zobowiązania umowne lub oświadczenia-gwarancje strony. start learning
|
|
undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings, undertakings,
|
|
|
zobowiązać się do wykonania, zobowiązać się do wykonania, zobowiązać się do wykonania, zobowiązać się do wykonania, zobowiązać się do wykonania start learning
|
|
undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform, undertake to perform
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings, contractual undertakings
|
|
|
eksperci wyznaczeni przez stronę start learning
|
|
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert, court appointed expert
|
|
|
pisemne oświadczenie złożone pod przysięgą, start learning
|
|
a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony, a written statement of sworn testimony,
|
|
|
postępowania ewidentnie bezzasadne, postępowanie ewidentnie bezzasadne, postępowanie ewidentnie bezzasadne, postępowanie ewidentnie bezzasadne, postępowanie ewidentnie bezzasadne, start learning
|
|
manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings, manifestly ill-founded proceedings,
|
|
|
„dotychczas”, „do tej pory”, „jak dotąd”, „wcześniej w niniejszym dokumencie / stanie faktycznym”. start learning
|
|
heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore, heretofore,
|
|
|
Wszelkie prawa dotychczas przyznane Licencjobiorcy niniejszym wygasają. start learning
|
|
All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated. All rights heretofore granted to the Licensee are hereby terminated.
|
|
|
Zobowiązania nałożone dotychczas na Wykonawcę pozostają w pełnej mocy. start learning
|
|
The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect. The obligations heretofore imposed upon the Contractor shall remain in full force and effect.
|
|
|
dzień po tym, jak wydawca otrzyma gwarancję, że martwe dzieło zostanie wykonane na Florydzie i opublikowane przez inną firmę lub osobę start learning
|
|
day after guarantees to the publisher the dead do work is here to Florida and published by any other company or individual
|
|
|
autor gwarantuje wydawcy, że jego praca nie była dotychczas publikowana przez żadną inną firmę ani osobę. (wcześniej). start learning
|
|
the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. (previously). the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. (previously). the author guarantees to the publisher that the work is heretofore unpublished by any other company or individual. previously
|
|
|
nieruchomość dotychczas znana jako Downing House zostaje przemianowana na Appleby House start learning
|
|
the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House. the property heretofore known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House
|
|
|
„Niezależnie od powyższego / bez względu na to, co podano wyżej / pomimo wcześniejszych postanowień”. start learning
|
|
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing, Notwithstanding the foregoing,
|
|
|
sprawiedliwy proces, rzetelny proces start learning
|
|
fair trial, due process of law
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby, hereby
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
hereby I declare, hereby l declare, hereby l declare, hereby I declare, hereby l declare, hereby l declare, hereby I declare, hereby l declare, hereby l declare,
|
|
|
Niniejszym przyjmuję Twoją ofertę. start learning
|
|
hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer, hereby I accept your offer
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action, hereby - by means of this document, with this words / with this action
|
|
|
w niniejszym dokumencie, w tym miejscu, start learning
|
|
herein herein, herein, herein, herein, herein herein herein, herein, herein, herein, herein herein herein, herein, herein, herein, herein
|
|
|
jak przewidziano w niniejszym dokumencie, zgodnie z postanowieniami niniejszego dokumentu start learning
|
|
as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein, as provided herein
|
|
|
cena podana w niniejszym dokumencie jest ostateczna i nie podlega negocjacjom. start learning
|
|
the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is the final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is the final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is the final and non-negotiable. the price named herein is final and non-negotiable.
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
utrzymać w mocy, potwierdzić ważność start learning
|
|
uphold, uphold, uphold,
|
|
|
Sąd Apelacyjny podtrzymał wyrok sądu pierwszej instancji. start learning
|
|
The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court. The Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of the first-instance court.
|
|
|
podtrzymywać zasady / wartości / standardy start learning
|
|
to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards, to uphold principles / values / standards
|
|
|
wyrok w mocy wyroku / zakończony / pogrzebany start learning
|
|
to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision, to uphold a judgment / to uphold a ruling / to uphold a decision,
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
hereinafter referred to as
|
|
|
zwane dalej łącznie w niniejszej umowie stronami start learning
|
|
hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties, hereinafter jointly referred to in this contract as the parties,
|
|
|
zwana dalej, zwana dalej, start learning
|
|
hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called, hereinafter called
|
|
|
|
start learning
|
|
|
|
|
na podstawie wniosku o przedłużenie umowy / na mocy wydania dokumentu / wynikającego z konieczności stosowania” start learning
|
|
hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder, hereunder
|
|
|
przez to, w ten sposób, tym samym, w konsekwencji tego działania start learning
|
|
thereby, thereby, thereby, thereby thereby thereby (as a result of this), thereby, thereby, thereby, thereby thereby thereby (as a result of this), thereby, thereby, thereby, thereby thereby thereby (as a result of this),
|
|
|
Twój klient podpisał umowę i w ten sposób wszedł w wiążącą umowę. Twój klient podpisał umowę i w ten sposób wszedł w wiążącą umowę. Twój klient podpisał umowę i w ten sposób wszedł w wiążącą umowę. start learning
|
|
your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement. your client signed a contract and thereby entered into a binding agreement.
|
|
|