A2.3

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Question English Answer English
wścieklizna
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rabies
outbreak
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unexpected increase in number of people with a specific condition
epidemic
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when an outbreak has spread over a large geographical area
pandemic
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an rpidemic that has gone global over a large exponential growth
epidemiology
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study of the occurrence, distribution and control of a disease in a population
viruses features
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most abundant biological entity, small fixed size, contail nucleic acid, enclosed by a capsid, no cytoplasm, could have envelope, obligatory intracelluar parasites (organism that benefits from another one - one way)
host cell
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the cell uses to carry out its metovbolic and reproductive process
the lytic cycle
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attachment, dna entry, dna replication, dna transtription, protein synthesis, lysis, spread
lysogenic cycle
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attachment, dna entry, integration, cell division
when the dna of virus and cell integrate
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prophage
too virulent
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run out of hosts
not virulent enough
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immune system will kill them
progressive hypothesis
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viruses evolved from modified cell components
regressive
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viruses evolved from the loss of cell components
reason why viruses evolve rapidly
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short generation time, lots of mutation, natural selection favours viruses with genetic traits that help it evade detection
antigens
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proteins on the virus surface used for attaching to host cells
reverse transcriptase
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rna reverse transtripted into dna without proofreading (stays forever)
hiv
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human immunodeficiency virus
capsid
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protects dna
tail sheat
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contract - become shorter and longer
tail fibre
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attach host cell
pins
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puts dna into cell, cooperate with tail sheath which shots the pin into the bacteria

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