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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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Wars between England and Scotland were driven by sovereignty disputes, border conflicts, dynastic crises, and English attempts to assert overlordship.
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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A major trigger was the Scottish succession crisis after King Alexander III’s line failed, leading to Edward I’s interference.
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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Key moment of the wars was the moment when the King Alexander III’s dies and his line fails leading to a succession crisis - HE HAS NO HEIR
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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Edward I tried to dominate Scotland politically, provoking resistance and wars of independence
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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Scottish leaders like William Wallace and later Robert the Bruce became symbols of national resistance.
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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William Wallace - symbol of resistance
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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Robert the Bruce - later king, managed to ensure independence for Scotland.
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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The conflicts included famous battles like Stirling Bridge and Bannockburn, which strengthened Scottish identity and independence claims.
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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Over the long term, intermittent warfare shaped border society, creating militarized frontier zones and recurring raids - constant fights, militarized frontier, life close to the borders was dangerous due to many raids.
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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England’s internal politics and foreign wars often affected its Scottish policy, with shifts between aggression and negotiation.
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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Scotland also sought alliances, especially the Auld Alliance with France, to counter England.
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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England: aggressive once then negotiative, Scotland: searching for alliances, one was important: Auld Alliance with France.
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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Consequences included the consolidation of Scottish monarchy and the development of distinct national institutions and mythic narratives.
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5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland start learning
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Eventually, the crowns united in 1603 when James VI of Scotland became James I of England, and political union followed in 1707, but earlier wars left a deep legacy in identity and memory.
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