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Question		Answer
odpowiedź na kontakt z gruźlicą: initial exposure to TB start learning		# contained disease- 90%, zdrowi ludzie, tworzenie ziarniniaków # Primary tuberculosis - u dzieci i ludzi z immunosupresją
imaging manifestation of primary TB Both primary and reactivation TB can also present as isolated pleural disease or miliary disease start learning		lobar consolidation +/- pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy Adenopathy is common in primary TB, typically featuring central low-attenuation and peripheral enhancement, especially in children. Ghon focus: Initial focus of parenchymal infection, usually located in the upper part of the lower lobe or the lower part of the upper lobe. Ranke complex: Ghon focus and lymphadenopathy. Cavitation is rare in primary TB, in contrast to reactivation TB
Reactivation TB, post-primary TB, usually occurs in adolescents and adults. objawy: start learning		chronic cough, low-grade fever, hemoptysis, and night sweats immunocompetent patient, the imaging hallmarks of reactivation TB are upper-lobe predominant consolidation with cavitation. Tree-in-bud nodules are common and suggest active endobronchial spread. • Reactivation TB most commonly occurs in the upper lobe apical and posterior segments and superior segments of the lower lobes
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) objawy w TK: hypersensitivity reaction to aspergillus seen most commonly in patients with long-standing asthma. ABPA is not an infection start learning		key finding on CT is central bronchiectasis and mucoid impaction, which can be high attenuation or even calcified. This combination of mucoid impaction within bronchiectatic airways represents the finger-in-glove sign.
Monod sign start learning		curvilinear air surrounding the aspergilloma. aspergilome leczy sie chirurgicznie lub embolizacją, nie lekami p-grzybiczymi
Angioinvasive aspergillosis wymień dwa chrkt. objawy aggressive infection- invasion and occlusion of arterioles and smaller pulmonary arteries by fungal hyphae. Seen almost exclusively in neutropenic patients. start learning		halo sign i air crescent sign halo sign- not specific to angioinvasive aspergillosis, can be seen in viral infection, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), Kaposi sarcoma, hemorrhagic meta, and others. • air crescent sign- good prognostic, patient is in the recovery phase
szwy po sternotomii start learning		sternotomy wires
wysokosc rurki intubacyjej nad rozwidleniem start learning		4-6cm
prawidłowa lokalizacja Swan-Ganz catheter start learning		The tip of a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter should be in either the main, right, or left pulmonary artery.
Important differential consideration for chronic ground glass or consolidation start learning		Adenocarcinoma
SCC squamus cell carcinoma common radiographic findings start learning		lobar atelectasis, mucoid impaction, consolidation, and bronchiectasis. SCC has a propensity to cavitate.
(naciek, guz) z objęciem struktur naczyniowych start learning		encasement of the vasculature
Radiation pneumonitis start learning		The early stage of radiation injury, which can occur within one month of radiotherapy and is most severe 3–4 months after treatment. ground glass centered on the radiation port, although extension out of the port is relatively common
Radiation fibrosis start learning		Late stage of radiation injury. Fibrosis becomes apparent approximately 6–12 months after therapy. The key imaging finding is the distribution of fibrosis and traction bronchiectasis within the radiation port, although fibrosis may extend outside the port in 20%
pulmonary embolism- sign of right heart strain start learning		bowing of the interventricular septum to the left, the right ventricle is larger in diameter than the left ventricle
zdanie- objawy przeciążenia prawej komory start learning		signs of right heart strain
co to jest hilum overlay sign start learning		on the frontal view if hilar vessels are visualized through the mass, it indicates that the mass cannot be in the visceral- middle mediastinum. The mass may be anterior - prevascular (more likely) or posterior- paravertebral.
Detection of a middle mediastinal mass start learning		• Distortion of the azygoesophageal recess, distortion of the posterior junction line, paratracheal stripes, or convexity of the AP window suggests a visceral compartment mediastinal mass
Detection of a posterior mediastinal mass start learning		Distortion or displacement of the paraspinal lines suggests paravertebral disease.
prevascular mediastinal mass ddx start learning		>Thymic epithelial neoplasm- #thymoma in middle aged or older, or history of myasthenia gravis. #Less common thymic carcinoma. >Germ cell tumor- teratoma in young adult. >Lymphoma. Thyroid goiter - rarely in the anterior mediasti num.
the most common primary tumor of the anterior mediastinum. start learning		Thymoma, typically occurs in middle-aged or older individuals, between 35 and 60 years. Lobulated masses in the anterior mediastinum, often off -center. They may calcify or develop necrosis. Drop metastases from invasive thymoma spread along pleural and pericardial surfaces.
Thymic cyst w jakich chorobach, z jakich przyczyn start learning		secondary to: #radiation RTX (e.g., to treat Hodgkin disease), #AIDS, #Sjögren’s (multilocular), #congenital- thymopharyngeal duct, most commonly in the prevasc. mediastm. CT- simple fluid cyst ew. protein/hemorr. in prevasc. mediast, centrally located
Thymic hyperplasia. przyczyny start learning		Symmetric gland enlargement without focal mass. Reaction to systemic stressors: #radiation therapy, #burns, #chemotherapy, # steroids. Lymphoid hyperplasia is associated with myasthenia gravis, SLE, RA, scleroderma, and Grave’s disease
Bronchopulmonary foregut cyst wymien 3 nalezace do grupy start learning		# bronchogenic cysts, #esophageal duplication cysts, #neurenteric cysts
Wegener inna nazwa start learning		Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)

Radio finale edition

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