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jałowy
very dry
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arid
rydwan
two-wheeled ancient vehicle
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chariot
niegościnny
difficult to live in
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inhospitable
niechciany
not desired
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unwelcome
cmentarz
burial place
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cemetery
przetrwało
continued to exist
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survived
rozłożyło się
slowly decomposed
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decayed
nienaruszony
undamaged
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intact
stronniczy
not objective
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biased
bóg słońca
solar deity
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sun god
materialne dziedzictwo
physical remains of culture
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material legacy
rolnictwo
farming
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agriculture
wierzenia pogrzebowe
beliefs about death/afterlife
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funerary beliefs
Nil
the main Egyptian river
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the River Nile
żyzna gleba
productive land
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fertile soil
klify
steep rock walls
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the cliffs
pustynia
dry barren land
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the desert
świątynie kamienne
stone religious buildings
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stone temples
życie pozagrobowe
life after death
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the afterlife
artefakty
man-made historical objects
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artefacts
domy z suszonej cegły
houses made of mud brick
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mud-brick houses
zmarli
deceased people
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the dead
grobowce
burial chambers
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tombs
kupcy
traders
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merchants
tętniący życiem
lively and busy
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bustling
centrum handlu
major trading center
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trade hub
handlować towarami
sell goods
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trade their wares
rozległy
spreading widely
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sprawling
zadaszenie
protective roof
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covering
zamiecie
severe snowstorms
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harsh blizzards
stoiska
market stands
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stalls
ogromny
very large
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massive
kopalnie soli
places where salt is extracted
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salt mines
ozdobne klatki schodowe
decorative staircases
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frilly stairwells
okres upadku
time of deterioration
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period of decline
państwo marionetkowe
externally controlled state
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puppet state
misterna ornamentyka
delicate metal decoration
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grand filigrees
fasada
front of a building
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facade
błyszcząca powłoka
shiny surface layer
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glowing veneer
bursztyn
fossilized resin
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amber
stała wystawa
long-term display
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permanent exhibit
ekspozycja
arranged objects for viewing
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display
miejsce wydarzeń
event location
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venue
arcydzieło
outstanding artwork
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masterpiece
przylegający do
next to
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adjacent to
nastawa ołtarzowa
artwork behind an altar
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altarpiece
strzała
projectile from a bow
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arrow
upamiętnić
honor and remember
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commemorate
wydłużony
made longer
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elongated
wzbogacony o
enhanced by adding
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enriched with
pozłacana korona
crown covered with gold
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gilded crown
wnętrze
inside space
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interior
wybuchy
sudden starts of war/fire/disease
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outbreaks
żalosna melodia
mournful sound
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plaintive tune
kaplice boczne
small chapels
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side chapels
witraż
colored glass artwork
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stained glass
znaczne darowizny
major donations
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substantial contributions
świątynia
religious building
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temple
sklepienie
arched ceiling
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vault
prostokątny
shaped like a rectangle
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rectangular
portyki
covered entrances
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porches
wnętrze
inside space
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interior
naos
inner room
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naos / cella
trójkątny
shaped like a triangle
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triangular
kolumny
upright supports
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columns
bóstwo
god or goddess
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deity
ofiary
gifts to a deity
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offerings
wewnątrz
in the interior
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inside
na zewnątrz
external area
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outside
belkowanie
horizontal structure above columns
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entablature
fronton
triangular top of façade
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pediment
rzeźby
carved figures
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sculptures
biały
color
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white
jasny
strong, vivid color
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bright
wyblakły
lost color
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faded
techniki
methods of construction
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techniques
środkowy
center part
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middle
innowacje
new methods
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innovations
słup
upright support
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post
nadproże
horizontal beam over posts
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lintel
fryz
decorative horizontal band
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frieze
tryglify
grooved stone panels
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triglyphs
metopy
square panels
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metopes
kapitel
topmost part of a column
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capital
trzon
long vertical body
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shaft
żłobienia
vertical grooves on a column
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flutes
entazis
slight column swelling
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enthasis
theatron
audience seating
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theatron
orchestra
circular performance area
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orchestra
skene
stage building
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skene
proscenium
acting space
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proscenium
ekkyklema
wheeled platform
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eccyclema
ukuty termin
invented (a term)
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coined
kurator
collection manager
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curator
składający się z
made up of
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comprised of
zmieniony
modified
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altered
podjąć się
begin/attempt
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undertake
rozwikłać
solve
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unravel
wyczyny
achievements
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feats
porywający
captivating
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compelling
otaczać
surround
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enclose
czczony
deeply respected
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revered
misternie wykonany
skillfully made
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crafted
ułożenie
straight positioning
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alignment
bezprecedensowy
never seen before
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unprecedented
próg
boundary
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threshold
niebezpieczny
dangerous
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perilous
uświęcony
protected as sacred
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enshrined
artefakt
man-made historical object
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artifact
przekrój
cut-through view
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cross-section
wyznaczać granicę
mark a boundary
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demarcate
poprzednicy
those who came before
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predecessors
rozszerzać
expand
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extend
kontrakty dostawcze
delivery agreements
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supply contracts
anektować
take territory
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annex
amfiteatry
circular arenas
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amphitheaters
wzmacniać
strengthen
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reinforce
niematerialny
non-physical
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intangible
fizyczne przypomnienie
tangible symbol
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physical reminder
życzliwy
kind, generous
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benevolent
corocznie
once per year
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annually
dziedziczny
passed down
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hereditary
osiągnął
achieved
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attained
implozja
inward collapse
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implosion
obalenie
removal from power
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overthrow
wywodzi się
came from
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derived
obejmował
included fully
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encompassed
pojawienie
becoming visible
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emergence
odbił się
regained strength
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rebounded
osiągnięcia
achievements
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accomplishments
funkcjonalny
practical
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functional
gladiatorski
related to gladiators
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gladiatorial
sklepienia
arched ceilings
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vaults
akwedukty
water channels
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aqueducts
filary
upright supports
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pillars
uformowany
shaped
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moulded
rozpowszechniony
common
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widespread
ekspansjonistyczny
seeking expansion
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expansionist
zaawansowany
complex
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sophisticated
zasady
fundamental rules
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principles
skodyfikowany
officially written
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codified
gałęzie
divisions
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branches
pojęcie
abstract idea
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concept
chroniony
preserved
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enshrined
hierarchia
ranked order
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hierarchy
odpowiedzialny
in charge
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responsible
głęboki
deeply significant
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profound
trwały
lasting
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enduring
dziedzictwo
cultural inheritance
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heritage

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