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Question		Answer
booklet start learning		small thin book with a soft cover, often giving information about something
novel start learning		a long written story about imaginary or partly imaginary characters and events
forecast start learning		a prediction of the future
broadcast start learning		transmission
bulletin start learning		a short news broadcast
coverage start learning		news about something on television or radio or in the newspapers
edition start learning		version, specific issue
mass media start learning		Forms of communication, such as newspapers and radio, that reach millions of people.
campaign start learning		A series of actions intended to accomplish a goal
brochure start learning		small, thin book like a magazine, which gives information, often about travel, or a company, etc.
subliminal messages start learning		Words or pictures that are not consciously perceived but may nevertheless influence people's judgments, attitudes, and behaviors
to negate start learning		to deny
glued to start learning		Giving all his attention to
sensationalize start learning		to write or talk about an event in a way that makes it seem as exciting and shocking as possible
on average start learning		not special or unusual; oridinary
increasingly start learning		more and more
fiction start learning		A story that is not true or is made up
illegible start learning		difficult to read
gist start learning		the main point/idea
unprintable start learning		too offensive or shocking to be published
literature start learning		written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit.
shorthand start learning		a quick way of writing that uses symbols to represent letters, words, or phrases, used especially when you write what someone is saying as they are talking
illiterate start learning		unable to read or write
prose start learning		written language in its ordinary form rather than poetry
manuscript start learning		the original copy of a book or article before it is printed
outline start learning		the main shape or edge of something, without any details
reporting start learning		articles in newspapers or on television about particular subjects
circulation start learning		the number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold every day, week, or month (nakład)
out of print start learning		no longer available to buy because new copies are no longer being produced
correspondent start learning		a person employed by a newspaper, a television station, etc. to report on a particular subject or send reports from a foreign country
journalist start learning		a person who writes news stories or articles for a newspaper or magazine or broadcasts them on radio or television
output start learning		the amount of something produced by a person, machine, or industry
publication start learning		a published work
banning start learning		the act of forbidding something
censorship start learning		the banning of printed materials or films due to alarming or offensive ideas
intended start learning		planned or meant
target start learning		a person who is the object of an intentional action
population start learning		all the people living in a particular country, area, or place
public start learning		community
calmly start learning		in a quiet and peaceful manner
blankly start learning		without expression or understanding
spoonful start learning		as much as a spoon can hold
headlong start learning		With great speed or force; reckless
terrifying start learning		very frightening
controversial start learning		causing disagreement or discussion
unacceptable start learning		not acceptable
implication start learning		an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly
interpretation start learning		an explanation or opinion of what something means
subconscious start learning		not fully aware
encouragement start learning		the act of giving hope or support to someone
lifeless start learning		martwy, bez życia
lifelong start learning		dożywotni, na całe życie
long-life start learning		o przedłużonej trwałości
lowlife start learning		podlec, zwyrodnialec
love life start learning		życie miłosne
life lessons start learning		lekcje życia
lust for life start learning		chęć do życia
the love of my life start learning		miłość mojego życia
loss of life start learning		utrata życia, tu: ofiary w ludziach
a new lease of life start learning		nowe życie
lifelong learning start learning		nauka przez całe życie
live a life of luxury start learning		wieść luksusowe życie
live life in the fast lane start learning		wieść życie na pełne wrażeń (często też niebezpieczeństwa)
lay down my life start learning		oddać swoje życie
larger than life start learning		larger than life
leading a double life start learning		prowadzić podwójne życie
when life gives you lemons, make lemonade start learning		widzieć pozytywy w negatywnej sytuacji
shelf life start learning		okres przydatności
after life start learning		życie po śmierci
life force start learning		siła życia
still life start learning		martwa natura
real life start learning		prawdziwe życie
full of life start learning		pełen życia
obituaries start learning		descriptions of the lives of people who have just died
leader/editorial start learning		an article giving the newspaper editor's opinion
classified ads start learning		pages of advertisements in different categories
supplements start learning		separate magazines included with the newspaper
feature start learning		an article or set of articles devoted to a particular topic
agony column start learning		section in a paper or magazine that deal with readers' private emotional problems
agony aunt start learning		person, typically a woman, who answers letters in the agony column
pamphlet start learning		a small book dealing with specific topic, often political
leaflet start learning		single sheet or folded sheets of paper giving information about something
brochure start learning		small, thin book like a magazine, which gives information, often about travel, or a company, etc.
prospectus start learning		small, thin book like a magazine, which gives information about a school, college or university, or a company
flyer start learning		single sheet giving information about some event, special offer, etc., often given out in the street
booklet start learning		small thin book with a soft cover, often giving information about something
manual start learning		book of detailed instructions how to use something
book spine start learning		The part of the book where all the pages are joined together (grzbiet książki)
book jacket start learning		a removable paper cover, usually illustrated, for protecting the binding of a book and usually giving information about the book and the author
subscription start learning		a payment for consecutive issues of a newspaper or magazine for a given period of time
foreword start learning		Before Chapter I, there is a brief foreword in which the author explains why he wrote the book.
magazine issue start learning		edition, publication
binder start learning		holder, folder (segregator)
edition start learning		version, specific issue
quarterly start learning		every three months
ghost writer start learning		a person who writes for another without getting the credit
desktop publishing start learning		published using a home computer to design it
facsimile start learning		an exact copy
to list start learning		To make a record of short pieces of information
expose start learning		to put something out for others to see
draw attention to start learning		to make someone notice something
to give the lowdown on start learning		to present the most important informations about somehting
packed with start learning		filled with/full of
small print start learning		text in a formal agreement that is printed smaller than the rest of the text, sometimes in the hope that it will not be noticed
dumbing down start learning		the act of making something simpler and easier for people to understand, especially in order to make it more popular
fake news start learning		false stories that appear to be news, spread on the internet or using other media, usually created to influence political views or as a joke
going viral start learning		used to describe something that quickly becomes very popular or well known by being published on the internet or sent from person to person by email, phone, etc.
clickbait start learning		articles, photographs, etc. on the internet that are intended to attract attention and encourage people to click on links to particular websites
echo chamber start learning		a situation in which people only hear opinions of one type, or opinions that are similar to their own:
filter bubble start learning		a situation in which someone only hears or sees news and information that supports what they already believe and like, especially a situation created on the internet as a result of algorithms (= sets of rules) that choose the results of someone's searches
listicles start learning		a newspaper, magazine, or online article that is in the form of a list
Fifteen Minutes of Fame start learning		a brief period when someone becomes famous for something unimportant
stifling (to stifle) start learning		to cut off, hold back, or smother (?)
pressure groups start learning		people trying to influence what other people think about a particular issue
to air views start learning		to express opinion
seek publicity start learning		want to reach a wider audience
press conference start learning		meetings to give information to and answer questions from the press
issue a statement/press release start learning		give a formal announcement to the press
sound bite start learning		short memorable sentence or phrase that will be repeated in news bulletins and articles
silly season start learning		time of year, when there is not much happening and trivial stories end up on the front page
tapping useful sources start learning		making use of people or organisations which regularly provide news
monitoring start learning		regularly checking
column inch start learning		space
put their own gloss/spin on a story start learning		present a story in a particular way
muck-raking start learning		collecting scandal (informal and disapproving)
a rag start learning		a newspaper or magazine that is considered to be of bad quality
the gutter press start learning		the type of newspapers that pay more attention to shocking stories about crime and sex than to serious matters
a glossy start learning		expensive magazine printed on good quality paper
a copy start learning		a copy
a deadline start learning		A date or time when a project, report, or assignment must be finished.
goes to press start learning		it starts to be printed
stop press column start learning		a place in a newspaper where very recent pieces of news are printed
hot of the press start learning		a very new newspaper or story
an exclusive start learning		a story that is only to be found in one newspaper
a scoop start learning		a story discovered and published by one newspaper before all the others
hit the headlines start learning		get a lot of publicity from the media
story breaks start learning		becomes public knowledge
receive a lot of coverage start learning		receive a lot of space in the press
libel start learning		written defamation
defamation of character start learning		wrongfully hurting a person's good reputation
back copies start learning		previous issues of newspapers
newspaper cuttings start learning		newspaper cuttings
innovative start learning		original and interesting
unsurpassed start learning		the best there is
leave other cars standing start learning		are much better than other cars
put/leave other candidates in the shade start learning		make candidates seem insignificant
rock-bottom prices start learning		extremely low
slashed start learning		dramatically reduced
bargains galore start learning		a huge number of products on sale at ridiculously low prices
pamper yourself start learning		treat yourself to something luxurious
indulge yourself start learning		allow yourself something enjoyable
sumptuous start learning		costly, rich, magnificent (food and furnishing)
opulent start learning		rich, luxurious; wealthy (lifestyle)
in the lap of luxury start learning		in a very luxurious way
scientifically designed start learning		designed with scientific methods (?)
proven start learning		shown by research
state-of-the-art start learning		using the latest technology
stand out in the crowd start learning		to be noticed
tantalisingly start learning		temptingly
fetching / alluring start learning		attractive
alliteration start learning		repetition of a sound
billboards start learning		very large boards used for advertising
flyers start learning		sheets of printed information advertising something
trailers start learning		brief excerpts from a film, TV or radio programme which are used to advertise it
sky-writing start learning		words written in the sky using smoke from a plane
sandwich board start learning		advertising posters hung at the back and front of a person who then walks around a busy area
to plug start learning		to advertise/promote (a product, etc.)
the Anthropocene start learning		the modern geological era during which humans have dramatically affected the environment
climate change start learning		changes in the world's weather, it is getting warmer as a result of human activity increasing the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
the climate crisis start learning		serious problems that are being caused or likely to be caused by changes in the world's weather
fossil fuels start learning		fuels, such as gas, coal, and oil, that were formed underground from plant and animal remains millions of years ago
carbon/water footprint start learning		Someone's carbon footprint is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their activities produce.
The water footprint measures the amount of water used to produce each of the goods and services we use. start learning		The water footprint measures the amount of water used to produce each of the goods and services we use.
carbon capture start learning		a way of collecting the carbon produced when fuel is burned, so that it is not released into the air
climate engineering start learning		also known as "geoengineering," it is the intentional large-scale intervention in the Earth's climate system to counter climate change
a wind farm/turbine start learning		a group of wind turbines that are used for producing electricity
a solar panel start learning		a device that changes energy from the sun into electricity
wave power start learning		is the capture of energy of wind waves to do useful work - for example, electricity generation, water desalination, or pumping water
tidal power start learning		is harnessed by converting energy from tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity using various methods
a fuel cell start learning		a device that changes the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity
fusion start learning		a technique of joining atoms in a reaction that produces energy
factory farming start learning		a system of farming in which a lot of animals are kept in a small closed area, in order to produce a large amount of meat, eggs, or milk as cheaply as possible
vertical farming start learning		the activity of growing crops in tall buildings with many floors
cultured meat start learning		meat produced by in vitro cell culture of animal cells, instead of from slaughtered animals
organic food start learning		the practice of growing crops without pesticides or chemical fertilizers
slow food start learning		good food that is prepared and cooked carefully
a doomsday scenario start learning		an extremely serious or dangerous situation that could end in death or destruction
living off the grid start learning		livinf without the connection to the public supply of electricity, gas, etc.
de-extinction start learning		process of generating an organism that is either an extinct species or resembles an extinct species
genome sequencing start learning		the process of determining the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time
genetic start learning		belonging or relating to genes received by each animal or plant from its parents
engineering/modification start learning		a change to something, usually to improve it
gene editing start learning		the process of changing genes using scientific methods, in order to cure or prevent disease
gene therapy start learning		the science of changing genes in order to stop or prevent a disease
a designer baby start learning		a baby whose genes have been chosen by its parents and doctors so that it has particular characteristics
cloning start learning		the process of creating an exact copy of a plant or animal by using its cells
an artificial uterus start learning		a device that would allow for extracorporeal pregnancy by growing a fetus outside the body of an organism that would normally carry the fetus to term
a brain transplant start learning		it's a procedure in which the brain of one organism is transplanted into the body of another organism.
printed organs start learning		a computer model is fed into a printer that lays down successive layers of plastics or wax until a 3D object is produced
grown-to-order organs start learning		grown on demand
artificial intelligence start learning		the study of how to produce machines that have some of the qualities that the human mind has, such as the ability to understand language, recognize pictures, solve problems, and learn
facial recognition start learning		technology that makes it possible for a computer to recognize a digital image of someone's face
a deepfake start learning		a video or sound recording that replaces someone's face or voice with that of someone else, in a way that appears real
de-aging start learning		it's a visual effects technique used to make an actor look younger, especially for flashback scenes
augmented reality start learning		images produced by a computer and used together with a view of the real world
the (technology) singularity start learning		a hypothetical point in time at which technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, resulting in unforeseeable changes to human civilization
quantum computing start learning		the use of quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation.
the Cloud start learning		is a model of computer data storage in which the digital data is stored in logical pools, said to be on "the cloud"
net neutrality start learning		the principle that the companies that provide services on the internet should make all information equally available to users, and not make any particular service, website, etc. cheaper or faster to use than any other
big data start learning		very large sets of data that are produced by people using the internet, and that can only be stored, understood, and used with the help of special tools and methods
the internet of things start learning		objects with computing devices in them that are able to connect to each other and exchange data using the internet
a smart home start learning		refers to a convenient home setup where appliances and devices can be automatically controlled remotely from anywhere with an internet connection using a mobile or other networked device
a smart city start learning		an urban area that uses different types of electronic methods and sensors to collect data.
the darknet start learning		a computer network that uses the internet but can only be joined by people who have permission or who have the right software
nomophobia start learning		fear or worry at the idea of being without your mobile phone or unable to use it
FOMO start learning		Fear of Missing Out
infinite scrolling start learning		a web-design technique that loads content continuously as the user scrolls down the page, eliminating the need for pagination
phishing start learning		an attempt to trick someone into giving information over the internet or by email that would allow someone else to take money from them, for example by taking money out of their bank account
cryptocurrency start learning		a digital currency produced by a public network, rather than any government, that uses cryptography to make sure payments are sent and received safely
blockchain start learning		a system used to make a digital record of all the occasions a cryptocurrency is bought or sold, and that is constantly growing as more blocks are added
universal translator start learning		a device common to many science fiction works, especially on television, the translator's purpose is to offer an instant translation of any language
a smart TV start learning		a television on which you can also use the internet
a home assistant start learning		a brand name for a computer program that can be used to control devices in your home such as lights and heating
smart glasses start learning		a pair of glasses that contain computer technology so that, for example, they can be used in a similar way to a smartphone, or you can get information added to what you are seeing as you look through them
planned obsolescence start learning		a situation in which goods are deliberately made or designed so that they do not last for a long period of time
the right to repair start learning		legal concept that allows consumers to repair the products they buy or choose their own service providers instead of going through the manufacturer
Satnav start learning		abbreviation for satellite navigation: a system of computers and satellites, used in vehicles and other places to tell you where something is, where you are, or how to get to a place
self-driving vehicles start learning		a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and moving safely with little or no human input
a flying car start learning		a type of personal air vehicle or roadable aircraft that provides door-to-door transportation by both ground and air
an e-plane start learning		it's a reference plane for linearly polarized waveguides, antennas and other microwave devices
an unmanned aerial vehicle start learning		an aircraft without a human pilot on board
a jetpack start learning		a device worn on the back that uses gas or water to push someone into the air, especially an astronaut
maglev start learning		short for magnetic levitation: an advanced type of transport system in which a train travels on a magnetic track, often at very high speeds
a hyperloop start learning		a sealed tube or system of tubes with low air pressure through which a pod may travel substantially free of air resistance or friction
supersonic transport start learning		a civilian supersonic aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound
teleportation start learning		the act of travelling by an imaginary very fast form of transport that uses special technology or special mental powers, or of causing someone or something to travel in this way
interplanetary/interstellar start learning		between planets/stars
travel start learning		to make a journey, usually over a long distance
suspended animation start learning		a state in which life in a body is temporarily slowed down or stopped
cryogenics start learning		the scientific study of very low temperatures and how to produce them
nanotechnology start learning		an area of science that deals with developing and producing extremely small tools and machines by controlling the arrangement of separate atoms
graphene start learning		a form of carbon consisting of sheets that have the thickness of one atom. The atoms are arranged in a honeycomb pattern
3D printing start learning		the process of printing a solid object from a digital model by printing many separate layers of the object
robotisation start learning		the introduction of robots to carry out industrial tasks
soft robotics start learning		specific subfield of robotics dealing with constructing robots from highly compliant materials, similar to those found in living organisms
technological unemployment start learning		the loss of jobs caused by technological change
lidar start learning		a method for measuring distances by illuminating the target with laser light and measuring the reflection with a sensor
to teeter start learning		move or balance unsteadily; sway back and forth
to tee off start learning		start or launch an event (?)
incurable start learning		not able to be cured
to pave the way start learning		open up opportunities, to make something possible
a downside start learning		a disadvantage of a situation
way faster start learning		quicker
to some extent start learning		partly
to outperform sb start learning		be more successful than.
opinionated start learning		stubborn and often unreasonable in holding to one's own ideas, having a closed mind
biased start learning		bias; showing an unreasonable like or dislike for a person based on personal opinions
to flunk a class start learning		to fail a class
to be fined start learning		to make somebody pay money as an official punishment
to live with a decision start learning		to live with a decision
a slippery slope start learning		a bad situation or habit that, after it has started, is likely to get very much worse
be accountable start learning		being officially responsible for something
dignity start learning		calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you
friend or foe? start learning		A person who is both a friend and enemy
to alter sth start learning		to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change
with hindsight start learning		the ability to understand an event or situation only after it has happened
a waste of space start learning		a person or thing that is not useful or helpful
to go _____ (e.g. "Skynet") start learning		to go _____ (eg "Skynet")
disdainful start learning		showing that someone does not like someone or something and thinks that they do not deserve interest or respect
mere (human beings) start learning		used to emphasize how strongly someone feels about something or how extreme a situation is
just in case start learning		to protect against something bad that could happen
a foible start learning		a strange habit or characteristic that is seen as not important and not harming anyone
to use sth against sb start learning		to use sth against sb
an overlord start learning		a person in a position of power, especially in the past
to worship start learning		to love, respect, and admire someone or something very much, often without noticing the bad qualities of that person or thing
upfront start learning		speaking or behaving in a way that makes intentions and beliefs clear
input start learning		Something put into a system, such as resources, in order to achieve a result.
collaboration start learning		the situation of two or more people working together to create or achieve the same thing
it takes a village start learning		a lot of people (?)
legislation /ˌledʒ.əˈsleɪ.ʃən/ start learning		law-making (a person = legislator, verb = to legislate)
Members of Parliament (MPs) start learning		Elected members of the British or other parliament.
assiduously /əˈsɪdʒ.u.əs.li/ start learning		in a steady and hard-working way (sumiennie)
constituents start learning		people who elected one MP (as a group = constituency)
lobbies start learning		people who try to influence MPs (verb = lobby)
corporations start learning		large companies (adj = corporate)
Institute of Directors start learning		organisation of top business people
ministers start learning		MPs with top responsibilities, e.g. for health, education
civil servant / the Civil Service start learning		people employed in government department
lobbyists start learning		someone who tries to persuade a politician or official group to do something
Chancellor of the Exchequer /eksˈtʃek.ɚ/ start learning		finance minister (UK)
annual budget start learning		yearly financial plan (of tax rates, etc.)
petition start learning		a formal request signed by lots of people
tax concession start learning		a reduction in taxes (verb = concede)
producer, manufacturer start learning		a person or business that makes sth
centralised start learning		concentrated in one central organisation (noun = centralisation)
close-knit start learning		with close ties to each other
well-funded start learning		with plenty of financial support
consumers start learning		People who buy and use goods and services.
scattered start learning		dispersed; spread out or separated widely
fragmented start learning		separate; not centralised
backstairs (pressure, deals) start learning		secret and usually dishonest or illegal; hidden from the public
concealed start learning		hidden
Friends of the Earth start learning		large environmental organisation
Child Poverty Action Group start learning		large organisation helping children
paid-up members start learning		people who have paid their membership fees, i.e. committed members
relentlessly /rɪˈlent.ləs.li/ start learning		in an extreme way that continues without stopping; menacing
deputations start learning		people sent to speak for a group
intimidate start learning		To frighten, especially by threatening someone
counter start learning		to oppose
grievance /ˈɡriː.vəns/ start learning		complaint about unfair treatment
appeal to start learning		request support from
red tape paperwork start learning		formalities official procedure; bureaucracy
parish start learning		A local church community. (parafia albo gmina)
encircle start learning		to surround or form a circle around
commerce start learning		the activities involved in buying and selling things
mass-produced start learning		made in large quantities
constituency start learning		area represented by one MP
petitioner start learning		person signing a formal request
consumption start learning		amount purchased, used or eaten
pressuries start learning		to try to force someone to do something
representative start learning		person standing for the interests of a group
to inluence start learning		to affect
a climax start learning		most important or exciting point
to press for start learning		to argue in favour of (to press for reform, to press for change)
negotiation start learning		The settling of a dispute through discussion
self-sufficiency start learning		The ability of a country or person to support themselves without outside help
immunization start learning		A means of protecting people against some diseases
recycling start learning		Collection of raw materials so that they can be used again
subsidy start learning		Money given by a government to lower the prices of e.g. basic foods
irrigation start learning		A system of distributing water to places which need it for agriculture
charity start learning		An organization which collects money from the public and uses it to help people in need
consumption start learning		the act of using, eating, or drinking something
renewable start learning		able to be created again
rainfall start learning		rain, or the amount of rain that falls
shortages start learning		a situation in which there is not enough of something
ecological start learning		relating to ecology (= the relationship between living things and their environment) or the environment
wildlife start learning		animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions
extinction start learning		a situation in which something no longer exists
deforestation start learning		the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people
endangered start learning		in danger of becoming extinct
intervention start learning		the action of becoming intentionally involved in a difficult situation, in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse
household start learning		a group of people, often a family, who live together
harmful start learning		causing harm
pesticides start learning		a chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants, and other unwanted organisms
production start learning		the process of making or growing goods to be sold
poisonous start learning		very harmful and able to cause illness or death
climatic start learning		relating to general weather conditions
populated start learning		(of a place) having people living there
overrated start learning		not as good as people say
overjoyed start learning		extremely happy
underestimated start learning		to fail to guess or understand the real cost, size, difficulty, etc. of something
oversimplified start learning		unrealistically simple
undernourished start learning		not eating enough food to continue to be in good health
overburdened start learning		having too much to carry, contain, or deal with
underprivileged start learning		without the money, possessions, education, opportunities, etc. that the average person has
overcrowded start learning		containing too many people or things
underlying start learning		real but not immediately obvious
rural start learning		relating to farm areas and life in the country
illiterate start learning		unable to read or write
essential start learning		necessary, basic
wealthy start learning		rich
sparsely start learning		with only a small number or amount of people or things
impoverished start learning		very poor
urban start learning		relating to a city or town
densely start learning		with a lot of things close together
inadequate start learning		not good enough or too low in quality
traditional start learning		a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has existed for a long time
humanitarian start learning		(a person who is) involved in or connected with improving people's lives and reducing suffering
existence start learning		the fact of something or someone existing
resistance start learning		the act of fighting against something that is attacking you, or refusing to accept something
stabilize start learning		If something stabilizes, it becomes fixed or stops changing
devalued start learning		to reduce the rate at which money can be exchanged for foreign money
diplomatic start learning		acting in a way that does not cause offence
ethnic cleansing start learning		Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region
disproportionate start learning		too large or too small in comparison to something else, or not deserving its importance or influence
slavery start learning		the activity of owning other people who are forced to work for or obey you
washed away start learning		carried away by the movement of water
devaluation start learning		the action of reducing the rate at which money can be exchanged for foreign money
erosion start learning		the fact of soil, stone, etc. being gradually damaged and removed by the waves, rain, or wind
buried start learning		to put a body into the ground
covered start learning		put over or on top of
ablaze start learning		burning very strongly
smouldering start learning		burning with little smoke and no flame
drought start learning		a long period when there is little or no rain
evacuate start learning		to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe
shift start learning		to move or change from one position or direction to another, especially slightly
malnutrition start learning		physical weakness and bad health caused by having too little food, or too little of the types of food necessary for good health
undernourishment start learning		the condition of not eating enough food to continue to be in good health
block sth out start learning		stop from passing through
cut off start learning		to disconnect, interrupt, or discontinue something or someone
epidemic start learning		the appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time
plague start learning		an easily spread disease causing a large number of deaths
sea levels start learning		the average height of the sea where it meets the land
pledge start learning		a serious or formal promise
advent start learning		the fact of an event happening, an invention being made, or a person arriving
sponsored start learning		supported financially
proceeds start learning		the amount of money received from a particular event or activity or when something is sold
enterprise start learning		an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, especially one that will earn money
aid start learning		to help
thrash out start learning		discuss in detail in order to find a solution
comprehensive start learning		including many details or aspects of something
a two wave panel survey start learning		the same people are questioned twice - for example before and after voting
fancy footwork start learning		quick or clever actions to deal with a problem
inter-locking things start learning		things that are connected (?)
deliver start learning		provide sth promised (Membership of the EU wasn't delivering)
big picture start learning		the situation as a whole
prosperous start learning		Successful and wealthy
Recession start learning		A slowdown in a nation's economy
to mishandle start learning		manage badly or incompetently
to harden views on sth start learning		to become very unfriendly
austerity start learning		an economic policy by which a government reduces the amount of money it spends by a large amount
grassroots start learning		people at the local level; average voters, not professional politicians
galvanise /ɡæl.və.naɪz/ start learning		to stimulate to action, to motivate to vote
dour start learning		gloomy
overblown start learning		exaggerated
immigration: controlled or uncontrolled start learning		the act of someone coming to live in a different country
polls start learning		the process of voting in an election / the places where people vote in a political election
allegiance /əˈliː.dʒəns/ start learning		loyalty
volatility start learning		suddenly changing or becoming more dangerous
unglued start learning		separated or detached
to come unglued- to experience difficulties and fail start learning		to come unglued- to experience difficulties and fail
policymaking system start learning		the process of developing policies
Populism start learning		politics that represents the interests and opinions of ordinary people
the Tories start learning		Conservative Party
go pear-shaped start learning		(of a plan) to go badly wrong
to skew start learning		to twist, to manipulate
Devolution start learning		the process of taking power from a central authority or government and giving it to smaller and more local regions
academics start learning		a teacher or scholar in a university or other institute of higher education
left behind start learning		abandoned
backdrop start learning		a background, setting
dosłownie: scenery hung at back of stage start learning		literally: scenery hung at back of stage
coup start learning		a sudden illegal, often violent, taking of government power, especially by part of an army
riot start learning		an occasion when a large number of people behave in a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled way in public, often as a protest
discontented start learning		dissatisfied, unhappy
merely /ˈmɪr.li/ start learning		used to emphasize that you mean exactly what you are saying and nothing more
boost start learning		increase
counterpart start learning		a person or thing that has the same purpose as another one in a different place or organization
catch up start learning		get to the same point as someone else
the mainland start learning		for Brtis: the rest of Europe
driving force start learning		someone or something that has the power to make things happen
referendum start learning		a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question
UKIP start learning		UK Independence Party: a political party in the UK whose main policy has been that the United Kingdom should leave the European Union
drill down start learning		to look for something on a computer or website by moving from general information to more detailed information
propaganda start learning		information, ideas, opinions, or images, often only giving one part of an argument, that are broadcast, published, or in some other way spread with the intention of influencing people's opinions
bias start learning		the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment
prejudice /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/ start learning		an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge
robust /roʊˈbʌst/ start learning		(of a person or animal) strong and healthy, or (of an object or system) strong and unlikely to break or fail
constitutional start learning		allowed by or contained in a constitution
implication start learning		an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly
civil war start learning		a war fought by different groups of people living in the same country
demonstration start learning		an occasion when a group of people march or stand together to show that they disagree with or support something or someone
protest start learning		a strong complaint expressing disagreement, disapproval, or opposition
remain start learning		to stay in the same place or in the same condition
Remainer start learning		a person who voted for the United Kingdom to remain in the European Union in the 2016 referendum
Home Office start learning		the UK government department that deals with matters inside the UK that are not the responsibility of other departments, for example justice and the rules for people from other countries entering the UK
vote start learning		a choice that gets counted
election start learning		a time when people vote in order to choose someone for a political or official job
dash for cash start learning		chase for money?
asylum start learning		protection or safety, especially that given by a government to people who have been forced to leave their own countries for their safety or because of war
to come out of retirement start learning		to return to work or to one's professional career
candidate start learning		a person who is competing to get a job or elected position
to toe the party line start learning		to do what someone in authority tells you to do although you may not agree with it
smear campaign start learning		a planned attempt to harm the reputation of a person or company by telling lies about them
opinion poll start learning		an occasion when people are asked questions to discover what they think about a subject
majority start learning		the larger number or part of something
latter start learning		the second of two people, things, or groups previously mentioned
manifesto start learning		a written statement of the beliefs, aims, and policies of an organization, especially a political party
diplomatic start learning		tactful when dealing with people
respectable start learning		with a good reputation
courteous start learning		polite
radical start learning		with extreme or very strong views
opressed start learning		being ruled unjustly or cruelly
conventional start learning		behaving just like everyone else
rebellious start learning		against authority and hard control
privileged start learning		having more advantages, opportunities, or rights than most people
notorious start learning		having a bad reputation
progressive start learning		in favour of new ideas
mayor start learning		a person who is elected or chosen to lead the group who governs a town or city
bill start learning		a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed before being voted on
survey start learning		an examination of opinions, behaviour, etc., made by asking people questions
council start learning		a group of people elected or chosen to make decisions or give advice on a particular subject, to represent a particular group of people, or to run a particular organization
reign start learning		the period of time when a king or queen rules a country
authorities start learning		a group of people with official responsibility for a particular area of activity
motion start learning		the act or process of moving, or a particular action or movement
Members of the Cabinet start learning		a small group of the most important people in government, who advise the President or Prime Minister and make important decisions
licensed start learning		officially allowed
illegal start learning		against the law
compulsory start learning		obligatory
barred start learning		blocked, banned
abolished start learning		to do away with
binding start learning		to be obeyed
required start learning		necessary
permitted start learning		allowed
voluntary start learning		willing; unforced
restricted start learning		not allowed
president start learning		the elected head of state.
minister start learning		responsible for a government department
ringleader start learning		the leader of a group of people who are doing something harmful or illegal
ambassador start learning		an important official who works in a foreign country representing his or her own country there, and who is officially accepted in this position by that country
patriot start learning		a person who loves their country and, if necessary, will fight for it
delegate start learning		represents others at a meeting or conference
traitor start learning		A person who betrays his or her country
sovereign start learning		a person who may be the head of state by birth
terrorist start learning		someone who uses violent action, or threats of violent action, for political purposes
chairperson start learning		a person in charge of a meeting, organization, or department
retains start learning		holds on to; keeps
the Houses of Parliament start learning		the UK parliament, consisting of the House of Commons and the House of Lords
general public start learning		ordinary people, especially all the people who are not members of a particular organization or who do not have any special type of knowledge
electorate start learning		all the people who are allowed to vote
chamber start learning		a room used for a special or official purpose, or a group of people who form (part of) a parliament
defied (defy) start learning		to refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc.
to backfire start learning		have the opposite effect to what was intended
to wield power start learning		to have a lot of influence or power over other people
put the record straight start learning		to write or say something in order to make the true facts known
sideboard start learning		a piece of furniture used to store tablecloths and dishes
silverware start learning		tableware made of silver
hard-up start learning		not having enough money to pay for necessities, poor
loot start learning		money and valuable objects that have been stolen
come up with sth start learning		to think of a plan, an idea, or a solution to a problem
collapse start learning		to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support
casualty start learning		a person injured or killed in a serious accident or war
evacuated start learning		removed from an area
meet demands start learning		to provide for someone's need (spełnić wymagania)
sustain start learning		to suffer or experience, especially damage or loss
OR to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time (The judge sustained (= accepted) the lawyer's objection) start learning		OR to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time (The judge sustained (= accepted) the lawyer's objection)
uprooted start learning		torn up by the roots; removed
collide start learning		to crash into
survivors start learning		people who have stayed alive
blaze start learning		A vivid glowing flame; large, strong fire
rapidly start learning		very quickly
tear gas start learning		a gas that makes your eyes sting, used especially by the police to control violent crowds
disperse start learning		to scatter, spread far and wide
mob start learning		a large, angry crowd, especially one that could easily become violent
seal off start learning		to prevent people from entering an area or building, often because it is dangerous
juvenile /ˈdʒuː.və.nəl/ start learning		relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an adult
addiction start learning		an inability to stop doing or using something, especially something harmful
offender start learning		a person who commits a crime
petty crime start learning		a type of crime that is not considered serious when compared with some other crimes
beggar start learning		a poor person who lives by asking others for money or food
a brush with sth start learning		a situation in which you experience something, or almost experience something, especially something unpleasant
transgression start learning		the act or process of breaking a law or moral rule
hardened start learning		used to describe someone who has had a lot of bad experiences and as a result no longer gets upset or shocked; no longer likely to change a bad way of life or feel sorry about it
counselling start learning		the job or process of listening to someone and giving that person advice about their problems
enforce start learning		to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted
deter start learning		to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it
custody start learning		the legal right or duty to care for someone or something, especially a child after its parents have separated or died
detention start learning		a form of punishment in which children are made to stay at school for a short time after classes have ended; the act of officially detaining someone
prison start learning		a building where criminals are forced to live as a punishment
Capital punishment start learning		death penalty
the death penalty start learning		the legal punishment of death for a crime
execution start learning		the legal punishment of killing someone
arrest start learning		If the police arrest someone, they take them away to ask them about a crime that they might have committed
detection start learning		the fact of noticing or discovering something
inquiry /ˈɪŋ.kwɚ.i/ start learning		(the process of asking) a question
hairpiece does not fully cover the head start learning		Small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head toupee.
headdress start learning		a decorative covering for the head
wig start learning		a covering of artificial hair worn on the head to hide a loss of hair or to cover your own hair
charged with assault start learning		officially accused by a court of deliberately causing harm to another person
the accused start learning		a person officially charged with a crime; the person who is on trial in a law court:
presume start learning		to believe something to be true because it is very likely, although you are not certain
faultless start learning		perfect and without any mistakes
innocent start learning		(of a person) not guilty of a particular crime
offence start learning		an illegal act; a crime
charge start learning		(of the police) to make a formal statement saying that someone is accused of a crime
case start learning		a problem, a series of events, or a person being dealt with by police, doctors, lawyers, etc.
racing start learning		the action of competing in a race (= a competition to see who can finish first) or running a race with someone
speeding start learning		driving faster than is allowed in a particular area
built-up area start learning		A built-up area is one where there are a lot of buildings
evidence start learning		one or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true
it suggests start learning		it suggests
UN start learning		UN
proof start learning		a fact or piece of information that shows that something exists or is true
it proves start learning		it proves
UN zwykle start learning		UN usually
jury start learning		a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a law court and to decide if a person is guilty or not guilty, or if a claim has been proved
defence start learning		protection
verdict start learning		an opinion or decision made after judging the facts that are given, especially one made at the end of a trial
come into force start learning		(of laws, rules, or systems) existing and being used
on probation start learning		a period of time when a criminal must behave well and not commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison
ban from start learning		to forbid someone to do something or forbid an action
(go on a) rampage start learning		to go through an area making a lot of noise and causing damage
out of control start learning		if something is out of control, it cannot be dealt with successfully:
habit-forming start learning		A habit-forming activity or drug makes you want to do or take it repeatedly
be robbed OF start learning		to have sth stolen
without due care and attention start learning		careless
neglect start learning		to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility
swindled start learning		cheated
riot start learning		an occasion when a large number of people behave in a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled way in public, often as a protest
(to be) pardoned start learning		officially forgiven and the punishment is stopped
deported start learning		forced to leave a country
illegal alien start learning		A person who enters a country illegally without the proper authorization and documents, or is an alien who once entered a country legally and has since violated the terms of the status in which he entered a country or has overstayed the time
doesn't have the legal right to stay start learning		doesn't have the legal right to stay
(to squat) squatted start learning		lived illegally without paying rent
cheated start learning		acted dishonestly
abolished start learning		brought to an end
swerved start learning		turned suddenly to avoid hitting something
burgle start learning		to steal
loophole in the law start learning		a small mistake in an agreement or law that gives someone the chance to avoid having to do something
mitigating circumstances start learning		factors that decrease the severity of a crime
okoliczności łagodzące start learning		attenuating circumstances
community service start learning		A sentencing alternative that requires offenders to spend at least part of their time working for a community agency
to falsify (evidence) start learning		to change sth or add untrue details to it in order to deceive people
witness start learning		a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident
impunity start learning		freedom from punishment or harm
bigamy start learning		the crime of marrying a person while already legally married to someone else
fine start learning		an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law
misdemeanour /ˌmɪs.dɪˈmiː.nɚ/ start learning		an action that is slightly bad or breaks a rule but is not a crime
prison start learning		a building where criminals are forced to live as a punishment
civil law start learning		the part of the legal system that relates to personal matters, such as marriage and property, rather than crime
crime start learning		illegal activities
forgery start learning		an illegal copy of a document, painting, etc. or the crime of making such illegal copies
offence start learning		an illegal act; a crime
criminal law start learning		the part of the legal system that relates to punishing people who break the law
law start learning		a rule, usually made by a government, that is used to order the way in which a society behaves
penalty start learning		a punishment, or the usual punishment, for doing something that is against a law
term start learning		the fixed period of time that something lasts for
felony start learning		(an example of) serious crime that can be punished by one or more years in prison
life imprisonment start learning		the punishment of being put in prison for a very long time without an arranged time for release or, in the US, until death
treason start learning		(the crime of) showing no loyalty to your country, especially by helping its enemies or trying to defeat its government
thief start learning		a person who steals
pickpocket start learning		someone who steals things from people's pockets
blackmailer start learning		gets money by threatening to disclose personal information
hijacker start learning		someone who takes control of an aircraft or other vehicle during a journey by force
shoplifter start learning		takes things from a shop without paying
murderer start learning		kills people
burglar start learning		a person who illegally enters buildings and steals things
robber start learning		someone who steals
kidnapper start learning		someone who takes a person away illegally by force, usually in order to demand money in exchange for releasing them
spy start learning		a person who secretly collects and reports information about the activities of another country or organization
vandal start learning		a person who intentionally damages property belonging to other people
bigamist start learning		someone who marries a person while already legally married to someone else
commit start learning		to do something illegal or something that is considered wrong
bandit start learning		a thief with a weapon, especially one belonging to a group that attacks people travelling through the countryside
guerrilla start learning		a member of an unofficial military group that is trying to change the government by making sudden, unexpected attacks on the official army forces
observance start learning		the act of obeying a law or following a religious custom
disrespect start learning		lack of respect
hostage start learning		someone who is taken as a prisoner by an enemy in order to force the other people involved to do what the enemy wants
breach start learning		an act of breaking a law, promise, agreement, or relationship
currency regulation start learning		Government rules governing the flow of national or foreign currencies into or out of a country. (?)
commit suicide start learning		a phrase used to mean "to kill yourself", which is now considered offensive because it suggests that doing this is a crime
homicide start learning		(an act of) murder
prosecute start learning		to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a law court, or (of a lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime
persecute start learning		to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their race, religion, or political beliefs, or to annoy someone by refusing to leave them alone
liable start learning		having (legal) responsibility for something or someone
hooligan start learning		a violent person who fights or causes damage in public places
division start learning		a separate part of an army or large organization
portion start learning		a part or share of something larger
element start learning		a part of something
force start learning		physical, especially violent, strength, or power
burst start learning		to break open or apart suddenly, or to make something do this
blare start learning		to make an unpleasantly loud noise
siren start learning		a device for making a loud warning noise
gong start learning		a round piece of metal that is hung in a frame and hit with a stick to produce a sound as a signal, also used as a musical instrument
bell start learning		an electrical device that makes a ringing sound when you press a button or a hollow metal object shaped like a cup that makes a ringing sound when hit by something hard, especially a clapper
alarm start learning		a warning of danger, usually a loud noise or flashing light
bereaved start learning		having a close relation or friend who has recently died
confiscate start learning		to take a possession away from someone when you have the right to do so, usually as a punishment and often for a limited period, after which it is returned to the owner
deprive start learning		to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone
extort start learning		to get something by force or threats, or with difficulty
sober start learning		not drunk or affected by alcohol
steady start learning		happening in a smooth, gradual, and regular way, not suddenly or unexpectedly; constant
sue start learning		to take legal action against a person or organization, especially by making a legal claim for money because of some harm that they have caused you
carry sth out start learning		to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do
bring sth about start learning		to cause something to happen
conspirator start learning		someone who conspires with other people to do something
plot start learning		a secret plan made by several people to do something that is wrong, harmful, or not legal, especially to do damage to a person or a government
catastrophe /kəˈtæs.trə.fi/ start learning		a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction
disaster start learning		(an event that results in) great harm, damage, or death, or serious difficulty
demolition /ˌdem.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ start learning		the act of destroying something such as a building
overthrow start learning		to defeat or remove someone from power, using force
broadcast start learning		to send out a programme on television or radio
scatter start learning		to (cause to) move far apart in different directions
sow start learning		to put seeds in or on the ground so that plants will grow
stray start learning		to travel along a route that was not originally intended, or to move outside a limited area
catch sb red-handed start learning		to find someone in the act of doing something illegal
true-blue start learning		completely loyal to a person or belief
in black and white start learning		in writing
camouflage start learning		something that is meant to hide something, or behaviour that is intended to hide the truth
counterfeit start learning		made to look like the original of something, usually for dishonest or illegal purposes
fake start learning		an object that is made to look real or valuable in order to deceive people
fraudulent start learning		dishonest and illegal
blackmail start learning		the act of getting money from people or forcing them to do something by threatening to tell a secret of theirs or to harm them
bribery start learning		an attempt to make someone do something for you by giving the person money, presents, or something else that they want
compensation start learning		money that is paid to someone in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged or for some problem
reward start learning		an amount of money given to someone who helps the police or who helps to return stolen property to its owner
crew start learning		a group of people who work together, especially all those who work on and operate a ship, aircraft, etc.
gang start learning		a group of young people, especially young men, who spend time together, often fighting with other groups and behaving badly
staff start learning		the group of people who work for an organization
team start learning		people working together as a group in order to achieve something
creep start learning		to move slowly, quietly, and carefully, usually in order to avoid being noticed
stride start learning		to walk with long steps
wander start learning		to walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or direction
arsonist start learning		a person who intentionally starts a fire in order to damage or destroy something, especially a building
assassin start learning		someone who kills a famous or important person, usually for political reasons or in exchange for money
deserter start learning		a person who leaves the armed forces without permission
embezzler start learning		someone who secretly takes money that is in their care or that belongs to an organization or business they work for
forger start learning		someone who falsifies or makes fake copies
fraud start learning		a person who pretends to be what he is not
con man start learning		a person who uses tricks to cheat people, esp. to get their money or possessions
mugger start learning		a person who attacks people in order to steal their money
poacher start learning		someone who catches and kills animals illegally
racketeer start learning		someone who makes money from a dishonest or illegal business activity
smuggler start learning		someone who takes goods or people into or out of a country illegally
terrorist start learning		someone who uses violent action, or threats of violent action, for political purposes
ransack start learning		to search a place or container in a violent and careless way
invade start learning		to enter a country by force with large numbers of soldiers in order to take possession of it
safe deposit box start learning		a strong box in a bank where you can keep money or valuable things
high-pitched start learning		A voice that is high-pitched is higher than usual
eject start learning		to force someone to leave a particular place
emit start learning		to send out a beam, noise, smell, or gas
expel start learning		to send out or away
exclude start learning		to prevent someone or something from entering a place or taking part in an activity
clench start learning		to close or hold something very tightly, often in a determined or angry way
clutch start learning		to take or try to take hold of something tightly, usually in fear, worry, or pain
grab start learning		to take hold of something or someone suddenly and roughly
grip start learning		to hold very tightly
haul start learning		a usually large amount of something that has been stolen or is illegal
floorboard start learning		one of the long, straight pieces of wood used to make a floor
creak start learning		When a door, floorboard, etc. creaks, it makes a long low sound when it moves or is moved
crack start learning		to break something so that it does not separate, but very thin lines appear on its surface, or to become broken in this way
crunch start learning		to crush hard food loudly between the teeth, or to make a sound as if something is being crushed or broken
groan start learning		a deep, long sound showing great pain or unhappiness
flaunt start learning		to show or make obvious something you are proud of in order to get admiration
flout /flaʊt/ start learning		to intentionally not obey a rule, law, or custom
float /floʊt/ start learning		to stay on the surface of a liquid and not sink
intact start learning		complete and in the original state
preserve start learning		to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed
maul start learning		If an animal mauls someone, it attacks that person and injures them with its teeth or claws (= long sharp nails)
violate start learning		to break or act against something, especially a law, agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect
hinder start learning		to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something
tamper start learning		to touch or make changes to something when you should not, especially when this is illegal
snatch start learning		to grab quickly
withdraw start learning		to take or move out or back, or to remove
suspect start learning		a person believed to have committed a crime or done something wrong, or something believed to have caused something bad
account start learning		a written or spoken description of an event
declaration start learning		an announcement, often one that is written and official
deposition start learning		a formal written statement made or used in a law court
statement start learning		something that someone says or writes officially, or an action done to express an opinion
unruly start learning		badly behaved
collection start learning		a lot of things or people
congregation start learning		a group of people who have come together in a religious building for worship and prayer
group start learning		a number of people or things that are put together or considered as a unit
mob start learning		a large, angry crowd, especially one that could easily become violent
discount start learning		to decide that something or someone is not worth considering or giving attention
neglect start learning		to not give enough care or attention to people or things that are your responsibility
omit start learning		to fail to include or do something
overlook start learning		to fail to notice or consider something or someone
foul play start learning		a criminal act that results in serious damage or injury, especially murder
communication start learning		the act of communicating with people
connection start learning		the state of being related to someone or something else
join start learning		to connect or fasten things together
assailant start learning		a person who attacks another person
immovable start learning		fixed and impossible to move
lifeless start learning		showing little energy or interest
motionless start learning		without moving
static start learning		staying in one place without moving, or not changing for a long time
bewilder start learning		to confuse someone
confuse start learning		to mix up someone's mind or ideas, or to make something difficult to understand
merge start learning		to combine or join together, or to cause things to do this
puzzled start learning		confused because you do not understand something
battened start learning		strengthen or fasten (something) with battens (= a long piece of wood)
cordoned start learning		prevent access to or from (an area or building) by surrounding it with police or other guards.
fasten start learning		to (cause something to) become firmly fixed together, or in position, or closed
shuttered start learning		closed permanently
snare start learning		a device for catching small animals and birds, usually with a rope or wire that tightens around the animal
trap start learning		a device or hole for catching animals or people and preventing their escape
certify start learning		to say in a formal or official way, usually in writing, that something is true or correct
identify start learning		to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what that person or thing is
justify start learning		to give or to be a good reason for
verify start learning		to prove that something exists or is true, or to make certain that something is correct
deductive start learning		reaching an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts
disturbing start learning		making you feel worried or upset
suggestive start learning		causing you to think about something
suspicious start learning		making you feel that something illegal is happening or that something is wrong; feeling doubt or a lack of trust
attentive start learning		listening carefully
thorough /ˈθɝː.oʊ/ start learning		detailed and careful
thoughtful start learning		carefully considering things; kind and always thinking about how you can help other people
enquiring start learning		To ask for information
investigate start learning		to examine a crime, problem, statement, etc. carefully, especially to discover the truth
seek start learning		to try to find or get something, especially something that is not a physical object
anonymity start learning		the situation in which someone's name is not given or known
identification start learning		the act of recognizing and naming someone or something
identity start learning		who a person is, or the qualities of a person or group that make them different from others
personality start learning		the type of person you are, shown by the way you behave, feel, and think
combing start learning		searching a place or an area very carefully in order to find something
motive start learning		a reason for doing something
principle start learning		a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works
confine start learning		to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way
possession start learning		the fact that you have or own something
ownership start learning		the state or fact of owning something
raid start learning		a short sudden attack, usually by a small group of people
invasion start learning		the act of entering a place by force, often in large numbers
storm start learning		to attack a place or building by entering suddenly in great numbers
constable start learning		police officer
confinement start learning		the situation in which a person or animal is kept somewhere, usually by force
custody start learning		the legal right or duty to care for someone or something, especially a child after its parents have separated or died
detection start learning		the fact of noticing or discovering something
guardianship start learning		the state or duty of being a guardian
compel start learning		to force someone to do something
enforce start learning		to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted
press start learning		to try hard to persuade someone to do something
press charges start learning		to complain officially about someone in a law court
observer start learning		a person who watches what happens but has no active part in it
onlooker start learning		someone who watches something that is happening in a public place but is not involved in it
spectator start learning		a person who watches an activity, especially a sports event, without taking part
witnesses start learning		a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident
examination start learning		the act of looking at or considering something carefully in order to discover something
concentrate start learning		focus
exhausting start learning		extremely tired
intense start learning		extreme and forceful or (of a feeling) very strong
stand clear start learning		to move a short distance away from something so that you are safe
stand out start learning		to be very noticeable
measures start learning		to judge the quality, effect, importance, or value of something
affective start learning		connected with the emotions
effective start learning		successful or achieving the results that you want
efficient start learning		working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized way
ineffective start learning		not producing the effects or results that are wanted
accused start learning		a person or people who may be guilty of a crime and who are being judged in a court of law
arrest start learning		If the police arrest someone, they take them away to ask them about a crime that they might have committed
charged start learning		to make a formal statement saying that someone is accused of a crime
convicted start learning		having officially been found guilty of a crime in a law court
interrogated start learning		to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence
parole start learning		permission for a prisoner to be released before their period in prison is finished, with the agreement that they will behave well
suspected start learning		believed to be guilty of a crime
try start learning		to examine a person accused of committing a crime in a law court by asking them questions and considering known facts, and then decide if they are guilty
barrister start learning		a type of lawyer in the UK, Australia, and some other countries who can give specialized legal advice and can argue a case in both higher and lower courts
counsel start learning		a lawyer or group of lawyers whose job is to speak for someone in a court of law
judge start learning		a person who is in charge of a trial in a court and decides how a person who is guilty of a crime should be punished, or who makes decisions on legal matters
solicitor start learning		a type of lawyer in Britain and Australia who is trained to prepare cases and give advice on legal subjects and can represent people in lower courts
dispute start learning		an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers or two countries with a common border
settled start learning		stable
arbitration start learning		the process of solving an argument between people by helping them to agree to an acceptable solution
court start learning		a place where trials and other legal cases happen
election start learning		the process of voting to choose a winner
referee start learning		a person or organization that helps to find a fair answer to a disagreement
bear start learning		to hold or support something
possess start learning		to have
reflect start learning		to show, express, or be a sign of something
accuse start learning		to say that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind
ensure start learning		to make something certain to happen
prove start learning		to show that something is true
autopsy start learning		the cutting open and examination of a dead body in order to discover the cause of death
inquiry start learning		(the process of asking) a question
interrogation start learning		a process of asking someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence
covered start learning		protected
erased start learning		removed
hidden start learning		not easy to find
disturbance start learning		violence or trouble
demonstration start learning		an occasion when a group of people march or stand together to show that they disagree with or support something or someone
notice start learning		to bring someone to the attention of the public; information or a warning given about something that is going to happen in the future
summary start learning		a short, clear description that gives the main facts or ideas about something; done suddenly, without discussion or a legal process
deny start learning		to say that something is not true; to not allow someone to have or do something
refuse start learning		to say that you will not do or accept something
resist start learning		to fight against something or someone that is attacking you
testify start learning		give evidence as a witness in a law court.
on behalf start learning		in the interest of
passersby start learning		someone who is going past a particular place
deed start learning		an intentional act, especially a very bad or very good one
innocent start learning		(of a person) not guilty of a particular crime
lovely start learning		pleasant or enjoyable
natural start learning		(of a person or their behaviour) seeming normal and relaxed
pure start learning		behaving in a way that is morally good
discard start learning		to throw something away or get rid of it because you no longer want or need it
dismiss start learning		to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering
resigned start learning		accepting that something you do not like will happen because you cannot change it:
come into force start learning		to come into effect
crucial start learning		extremely important or necessary
forcible start learning		involving the use of physical power or violence
supreme start learning		having the highest rank, level, or importance
valuable start learning		very helpful or important; worth a lot of money
blame start learning		to say or think that a person or thing is responsible for something bad that has happened
cause start learning		the reason why something, especially something bad, happens
evil start learning		morally bad, cruel, or very unpleasant; wicked
fault start learning		a mistake, especially something for which you are to blame
barred start learning		blocked
deported start learning		forced to leave a country
exported start learning		Sent to another country for trade
intern start learning		to put someone in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war
extradition start learning		the act of making someone return for trial to another country or state where they have been accused of doing something illegal
proceedings start learning		a series of events that happen in a planned and controlled way; legal action
trace start learning		a sign that something has happened or existed
oppress start learning		to govern people in an unfair and cruel way and prevent them from having opportunities and freedom
repress start learning		to hold back
suppress start learning		to end something by force
cross-examination start learning		the act of cross-examining (= asking detailed questions of) someone, especially a witness in a trial
content start learning		pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement
glad start learning		happy
satisfied start learning		pleased because you have got what you wanted, or because something has happened in the way that you wanted
condemned start learning		A condemned person is someone who is going to be killed, especially as a punishment for having committed a very serious crime, such as murder
convinced start learning		certain of your beliefs
penalize start learning		to cause someone a disadvantage; to punish
outclass start learning		to be much better than someone or something
outnumber start learning		to be greater in number than someone or something
overcome start learning		to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with something
supersede start learning		to replace something, especially something older or more old-fashioned
the Inns of Court start learning		the four societies in London for students of law, one of which a barrister (= lawyer who argues cases in a law court) must belong to
prospective start learning		(adj) potential, in the future
willing start learning		agreeable and ready to do something
wishful start learning		having to do with wishes and not reality
case start learning		a matter to be decided by a judge in a law court
lawsuit start learning		a problem taken to a law court by an ordinary person or an organization rather than the police in order to obtain a legal decision
trial start learning		the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a law court to judge if a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter
contradict start learning		to speak against; to say the opposite
decline start learning		decrease
take the words out of sb's mouth start learning		to say something that another person was just about to say or was thinking
affirm start learning		to state something as true
alleged start learning		said or thought by some people to be the stated bad or illegal thing, although you have no proof
announce start learning		to make something known or tell people about something officially
justice start learning		fairness in the way people are dealt with
punishment start learning		the act of punishing someone; rough treatment
pass sentence start learning		to say officially, as a judge, what a criminal's official punishment will be
verdict start learning		an opinion or decision made after judging the facts that are given, especially one made at the end of a trial
be in trouble start learning		a situation in which you experience problems, usually because of something you have done wrong or badly
strict start learning		strongly limiting someone's freedom to behave as they wish, or likely to severely punish someone if they do not obey
combine start learning		to (cause to) exist together, or join together to make a single thing or group
invent a story start learning		to make up a story
adjust start learning		to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective, or suitable
coincide start learning		to be the same or similar
reconcile start learning		to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are opposed to each other can agree and exist together
bear sb/sth out start learning		to support the truth of something
defendant start learning		a person in a law case who is accused of having done something illegal
obstacle start learning		something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult
regulation start learning		an official rule or the act of controlling something
restriction start learning		an official limit on something
veto start learning		an official power or right to refuse to accept or allow something
under arrest start learning		to be put in prison
accusation start learning		a statement saying that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind, or the fact of accusing someone
basis start learning		the most important facts, ideas, etc. from which something is developed
foothold start learning		a strong first position from which further progress can be made
framework start learning		a system of rules, ideas, or beliefs that is used to plan or decide something
legal training start learning		education of individuals in the principles, practices, and theory of law (?) (aplikacja prawnicza)
convincingly start learning		in a way that is convincing (= making you believe that something is true or right)
capital punishment start learning		death penalty
corporal punishment start learning		physical punishment
eviction start learning		the act of forcing someone to leave somewhere, especially their home
heavy fine start learning		a large sum of money to pay
internment start learning		the act of putting someone in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war
penal servitude start learning		being made to do specially hard work while in prison
prison sentence start learning		time that is spent in prison
probation start learning		a period of time when a criminal must behave well and not commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison
solitary confinement start learning		a punishment in which someone is kept in a room alone, usually in a prison
suspended sentence start learning		a punishment imposed only if you commit a further crime
austere start learning		very simple, with only the things that are absolutely necessary, especially because of severe limits on money or goods
severe start learning		causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc.' very serious
vigorous start learning		done with power, force or energy
appeal start learning		a request made to a court of law or to someone in authority to change a previous decision
fined start learning		punished by making someone pay money for breaking a rule
ordered start learning		carefully arranged or controlled
penalized start learning		to punish someone for breaking a rule
ringleader start learning		the leader of a group of people who are doing something harmful or illegal
get off with start learning		avoid punishment
associate start learning		to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else
assume start learning		to accept something to be true without question or proof
assimilate start learning		to become part of a group
lenient start learning		not strict; generous
plead start learning		to make an urgent, emotional statement or request for something; to beg
bid start learning		to offer a particular amount of money for something that is for sale and compete against other people to buy it, especially at a public sale of goods or property
absolve start learning		(especially in religion or law) to free someone from guilt, blame, or responsibility for something
acquit start learning		to decide officially in a law court that someone is not guilty of a particular crime
pardoned start learning		forgiven
hardened start learning		no longer likely to change a bad way of life or feel sorry about it
remorse start learning		a feeling of sadness and being sorry for something you have done
penance start learning		an act that shows that you feel sorry about something that you have done, sometimes for religious reasons
pity start learning		a feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone else's unhappiness or difficult situation
reproach start learning		to criticize someone, especially for not being successful or not doing what is expected
a scrap of start learning		a small piece of something
legislature start learning		A group of people who have the power to make laws
panel start learning		a small group of people chosen to give advice, make a decision, or publicly discuss their opinions
juror start learning		a member of a jury
guilty start learning		responsible for breaking a law or doing something wrong
legal dispute start learning		an argument or disagreement between two or more parties to be resolved by the legal system
testimony start learning		(an example of) spoken or written statements that something is true, especially those given in a law court
laymen start learning		someone who is not trained in or does not have a detailed knowledge of a particular subject
courtroom start learning		a room in which trials or other legal cases are held
counsel by jury start learning		a jury decides the facts
jury start learning		a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a law court and to decide if a person is guilty or not guilty, or if a claim has been proved
jury commissioner start learning		The court officer responsible for choosing the panel of persons to serve as potential jurors for a particular court term.
selected by lot start learning		method of randomly choosing people
applicable start learning		affecting or relating to a person or thing
beyond a reasonable doubt start learning		The standard of proof used in criminal cases.
impose start learning		to introduce a new law, tax, rule, or punishment
self-confessed start learning		admitting to having a characteristic that is considered to be bad or not acceptable
self-centered start learning		only interested in yourself and your own activities
self-conscious start learning		nervous or uncomfortable because you are worried about what people think about you or your actions
self-contained start learning		not needing or depending on other people
attack start learning		to try to hurt or defeat using violence
onslaught /ˈɑːn.slɑːt/ start learning		a very powerful attack
outcry start learning		a strong expression of anger and disapproval about something, made by a group of people or by the public
recrimination start learning		arguments between people who are blaming each other
keep to the straight and narrow start learning		to live an honest, decent life and not doing immoral or illegal things
resort start learning		the fact that you have to do something because there is no other way of achieving something
recourse start learning		using something or someone as a way of getting help, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation
resource start learning		a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization, or person
retort start learning		to answer someone quickly in an angry or funny way
humane start learning		showing kindness, care, and sympathy towards others, especially those who are suffering
juvenile /ˈdʒuː.və.nəl/ start learning		relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an adult
delinquent start learning		a person, usually young, who behaves in a way that is illegal or not acceptable to most people
sinner start learning		a person who has broken a religious or moral law
villain start learning		a bad person who harms other people or breaks the law
inoffensive start learning		not causing any harm or offence
offensive start learning		causing offence
unoffending start learning		Causing no harm
unsuspicious start learning		trusting
squatter start learning		a person who lives in an empty building without permission
discharge start learning		to allow someone officially to leave somewhere, especially a hospital or a law court
ejection start learning		to force someone to leave a particular place
expulsion start learning		(the act of) forcing someone, or being forced, to leave a school, organization, or country
confess start learning		to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad about
corroborated start learning		to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information
cite start learning		to mention something as proof for a theory or as a reason why something has happened
nominate start learning		to officially suggest someone for an election, job, position, or honour
quote start learning		to repeat the words that someone else has said or written
fabrication start learning		the act of inventing false information in order to deceive someone, or the false information itself
fantasy start learning		a pleasant situation that you enjoy thinking about but is unlikely to happen, or the activity of imagining things like this
a figment of somebody's imagination start learning		something that seems real but is not
figure start learning		to expect or think that something will happen
imagination start learning		something that you think exists or is true, although in fact it is not real or true
abandon start learning		to leave a place, thing, or person for ever
lift start learning		to end a rule or law
relinquish start learning		to give up something such as a responsibility or claim
surrender start learning		to stop fighting and admit defeat
ward of the court start learning		a person, esp a minor or one legally incapable of managing his or her own affairs, placed under the control or protection of a guardian or of a court
progeny start learning		the young or offspring of a person, animal, or plant
protege /ˈprɑː.t̬ə.ʒeɪ/ start learning		a young person who is helped and taught by an older and usually famous person
unambiguous /ˌʌn.æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs/ start learning		expressed in a way that makes it completely clear what is meant
unanimous /juːˈnæn.ə.məs/ start learning		If a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about one particular matter or vote the same way, and if a decision or judgment is unanimous, it is formed or supported by everyone in a group
undivided start learning		existing as a whole, not in separate parts
united start learning		joined together as a group
in the light of start learning		because of
assessment start learning		the act of judging or deciding the amount, value, quality, or importance of something, or the judgment or decision that is made
conclusion start learning		the final part of something
interpretation start learning		an explanation or opinion of what something means
misappropriation start learning		the act of stealing something that you have been trusted to take care of and using it for yourself
mislay / misplace start learning		to lose something temporarily by forgetting where you have put it
mistake start learning		a bad or wrong decision; error
trivial start learning		unimportant
foolish start learning		unwise, stupid, or not showing good judgment
critical start learning		saying that someone or something is bad or wrong
momentous start learning		very important because of effects on future events
significant start learning		important or noticeable
indication start learning		a sign that something exists, is true, or is likely to happen
frown start learning		look of anger
foggy start learning		misty, you can't see very well in this weather
pursuer start learning		someone who is chasing you
moist start learning		damp or slightly wet
messy start learning		untidy or dirty
mild start learning		not very cold or not as cold as usual
avert start learning		to prevent
minimize start learning		to reduce something to the least possible level or amount
indecisive start learning		not good at making decisions
readily start learning		easily
abruptly start learning		in a sudden, unexpected, and sometimes unpleasant way
subtly start learning		in a way that is small and difficult to notice or describe, but important
compelled start learning		forced
beseech start learning		to ask for something in a way that shows you need it very much
insinuate start learning		to suggest indirectly
flatly start learning		without emotion
disgraced start learning		ashamed, embarrassed, mortified
phony start learning		not sincere or not real
tempted start learning		to want something or to want to do something
flee start learning		to run away
abide by start learning		to accept or obey an agreement, decision, or rule
victimless crime start learning		In a victimless crime no one suffers directly, sometimes because the people affected by the crime have agreed to take part in it
miscarriages of justice start learning		a situation in which someone is punished by the law courts for a crime that they have not committed
paid their debt to society start learning		to be punished for committing a crime
riot start learning		an occasion when a large number of people behave in a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled way in public, often as a protest
rally start learning		a public meeting of a large group of people, especially supporters of a particular opinion
impeachment start learning		the act of making a formal statement that a public official might be guilty of a serious offence in connection with his or her job, especially in the US
prior start learning		before a particular time or event
exhort start learning		to strongly encourage or try to persuade someone to do something
to march start learning		an event in which a large number of people walk through a public place to express their support for something, or their disagreement with or disapproval of something
Congress start learning		the elected group of politicians in the US who are responsible for making the law, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives
to certify start learning		to say in a formal or official way, usually in writing, that something is true or correct
democrat start learning		a person who believes in democracy
republican start learning		a person who supports or believes in representative government
Senate start learning		the group of politicians who have the most power to make laws in a government
trial start learning		the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a law court to judge if a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter
win by a landslide start learning		the winning of an election with an extremely large number of votes
incitement start learning		the act of encouraging someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent
the charge sheet start learning		an official document on which a police officer records the details of the crime a person is accused of
lower chamber start learning		one of the two parts that some parliaments are divided into, usually the one with more political power
preceding start learning		existing or happening before someone or something
the Joint Session start learning		When the House and Senate adopt a concurrent resolution to meet together to conduct formal business or to hear an address by the president of the United States
statement start learning		something that someone says or writes officially, or an action done to express an opinion
claim start learning		to say that something is true or is a fact, although you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it
widespread start learning		existing or happening in many places and/or among many people
federal official start learning		An individual who is employed by or represents any department or agency of the US Government
commence start learning		to begin something
the Ellipse start learning		President's Park South
reiterate start learning		to say something again, once or several times
echoing start learning		repeating
declare start learning		to announce something clearly, firmly, publicly, or officially
pace start learning		the speed at which someone or something moves, or with which something happens or changes
concede start learning		to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true
illegitimate start learning		not legal or fair
fight like hell start learning		To use all of one's power or effort to fight against something
wilfully start learning		in a way that is wilful (= intentional, or determined to do as you want)
foreseeable start learning		A foreseeable event or situation is one that can be known about or guessed before it happens.
the Capitol start learning		the building in which the US Congress meets
combat start learning		a fight, especially during a war
senator start learning		a politician who has been elected to a Senate
congressman start learning		a man who belongs to a congress, especially a member of the US House of Representatives
the First Amendment start learning		guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition.
infer start learning		to form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have
imminent start learning		coming or likely to happen very soon
rip things up start learning		to tear something into small pieces
the Supreme Court start learning		the most important law court in the US
counsel start learning		to give advice, especially on social or personal problems
prevail start learning		to get control or influence
remedy start learning		a successful way of curing an illness or dealing with a problem or difficulty
convicted start learning		having officially been found guilty of a crime in a law court
agonisingly start learning		in a way that causes extreme physical or mental pain
entitled start learning		feeling that you have the right to do or have what you want without having to work for it or deserve it, just because of who you are
dismissal start learning		an act by a judge of formally stopping a trial in a court of law
leeway start learning		freedom to act within particular limits
play out start learning		When a situation plays out, it happens and develops
inauguration start learning		the act of officially putting someone into an important position, or the ceremony at which this is done
conspiracy theory start learning		a belief that an event or situation is the result of a secret plan made by powerful people
confound start learning		to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation
deep state start learning		organizations such as military, police, or political groups that are said to work secretly in order to protect particular interests and to rule a country without being elected
day of reckoning start learning		a time when the effect of a past mistake is experienced or when a crime is punished
prominent start learning		very well known and important
elite /iˈliːt/ start learning		the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society
oath start learning		a promise, especially that you will tell the truth in a law court
seep start learning		to move or spread slowly out of a hole or through something
fracturing start learning		dividing an organization or society
right-wing start learning		the political right
irreparably start learning		in a way that is impossible to repair or make right again
extremist /ɪkˈstriː.mɪst/ start learning		someone who has beliefs that most people think are unreasonable and unacceptable
Neo-Nazi start learning		a member of an organization similar to the German Nazi Party.
capitalise start learning		to get as much out of a situation as possible; take advantage of
seek sb/sth out start learning		to look for someone or something, especially for a long time until you find him, her, or it
convert start learning		to (cause something or someone to) change in form or character
distraught start learning		extremely worried, nervous, or upset
sweep start learning		to move, especially quickly and powerfull, influence an area
keep faith start learning		to continue to support something or someone, or to do what you promised to do in a particular thing
reassure start learning		to comfort someone and stop them from worrying
evil deeds start learning		an intentional, very bad act
double down start learning		increase effors or focus
inmate start learning		a person who is kept in a prison or a hospital for people who are mentally ill
compound start learning		an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings
8chan and 8kun start learning		message boards filled with extreme language and views, violence and extreme sexual content on which Q posts
purveyor /pɚˈveɪ.ɚ/ start learning		a person or business that provides goods or services
chunk start learning		a part of something, especially a large part
steadfast start learning		staying the same for a long time and not changing quickly or unexpectedly
dupe start learning		to deceive someone, usually by making that person do something that they did not intend to do
cabal kəˈbɑːl/ start learning		a small group of people who plan secretly to take action, especially political action
outlet start learning		a way in which emotion or energy can be expressed or made use of
conspiratorial start learning		relating to a secret plan to do something bad, illegal, or against someone's wishes
mindset start learning		a person's way of thinking and their opinions
constitutional start learning		allowed by or contained in a constitution
constitutionality start learning		the quality of being allowed by or contained in a constitution
impending start learning		used to refer to an event, usually something unpleasant or unwanted, that is going to happen soon
the House start learning		the members of the organization that makes laws
circuit court start learning		a court that tries cases in different places within the area under its authority
the Constitution start learning		the set of political principles by which a state or organization is governed, especially in relation to the rights of the people it governs
the incumbent president start learning		current president
bogus start learning		false, not real, or not legal
legal expert start learning		a professional in questions to do with the law
former president start learning		previous president
Under the Constitution start learning		accordingly to the Constitution
treason start learning		(the crime of) showing no loyalty to your country, especially by helping its enemies or trying to defeat its government
bribery start learning		an attempt to make someone do something for you by giving the person money, presents, or something else that they want
misdemeanor start learning		a crime considered to be one of the less serious types of crime
precedent start learning		an action, situation, or decision that has already happened and can be used as a reason why a similar action or decision should be performed or made
scholar start learning		a learned person
op-ed /ˌɑːpˈed/ start learning		used to describe a piece of writing that expresses a personal opinion and is usually printed in a newspaper opposite the page on which the editorial is printed
respectively start learning		in a way that relates or belongs to each of the separate people or things you have just mentioned
subsequently start learning		after something else
disqualify start learning		to officially stop someone from being in a competition or doing something because they are not suitable or they have done something wrong
tribe start learning		a group of people, often of related families, who live together, sharing the same language, culture, and history, especially those who do not live in towns or cities
have a bearing on sth start learning		to have an influence on something or a relationship to something
barred start learning		blocked
the primary evidence start learning		The best evidence that the circumstances admit; original or firsthand evidence that affords the greatest certainty of the matter in question
the gavel start learning		a small hammer that an official in charge of a meeting hits against a wooden block or table to get people to be quiet and listen
litigation /ˌlɪt̬.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ start learning		the process of taking a case to a court of law so that a judgment can be made
jurisdiction start learning		the authority of a court or official organization to make decisions and judgments
acquit start learning		to decide officially in a law court that someone is not guilty of a particular crime
abrupt start learning		sudden and unexpected, and often unpleasant
landing card start learning		form with your personal details and date of arrival
customs declaration form start learning		form showing how much money and what goods are you carrying
vaccination certificate start learning		paper proving you have had the necessary health injections
entry restrictions start learning		rules about who can enter a country and for how long
spot check / random check start learning		checks done without warning
sniffer dogs start learning		specially trained dogs who can smell drugs and bombs
clear customs start learning		take your bags through customs
port of entry start learning		the port or airport where you first enter a country
political asylum start learning		permission to stay in another country to avoid political persecution back home
economic migrants start learning		people who try to enter from poorer countries just to get work
traffic offence start learning		breaking the rules of the road and driving
fixed penalty start learning		fixed sum payable for a particular offence
on-the-spot fine start learning		fine payable at the time and place that you commit the offence
parking ticket start learning		paper placed on driver's windscreen fining them for illegal parking
breathalyser start learning		an instrument which you blow into that shows if you have consumed alcohol recently
make a statement start learning		say what happened and sign a copy of it
stop-and-search power start learning		power to stop people and search them in the street
surveillance cameras start learning		cameras that record everything that happens
surveillance /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/ start learning		the careful watching of a person or place, especially by the police or army, because of a crime that has happened or is expected
search warrant start learning		official permission from a judge or magistrate to search your house
magistrate start learning		a person who acts as a judge in a law court that deals with crimes that are less serious
security forces start learning		often a name for the army and police together enforcing the law
plain clothes/undercover police start learning		police who don't wear uniform
paramilitary police start learning		police who are more like soldiers than civilian police officers
drug squad start learning		police specially trained to fight the illegal drug trade
anti-corruption squad start learning		police specially trained to discover and fight bribery
spot check start learning		to check or inspect something in an irregular way
lorries (lorry) start learning		a truck; a large road vehicle that is used for transporting goods
drink-driving start learning		driving after you have drunk some alcohol
to tap sb's phone start learning		to listen to sb's phone calls without them knowing about it
power to stop and search start learning		power to stop people and search them in the street
(to carry out) surveillance operation start learning		the art of monitoring a target or subject's activities through observation and close watch
(to set up) a roadblock start learning		a temporary structure put across a road to stop traffic
photofit picture start learning		computer-generated picture that represents as closely as possible a person's memory of a criminal's face, made by putting together photographs of eyes, nose, hair, etc. from a set showing different types of features
windscreen start learning		windshield (US)
a witness TO sth start learning		świadek
stowaway start learning		a person who hides aboard a ship or plane in the hope of getting free passage
a person who is being trafficed through a border start learning		a person who is being trafficed through a border
plant sth (drugs) on someone start learning		To place and conceal something in or among someone's possessions or clothing without their knowledge or permission.
the death penalty start learning		the legal punishment of death for a crime
humane start learning		showing kindness, care, and sympathy towards others, especially those who are suffering
to botch sth start learning		to spoil something by doing it badly
prolonged start learning		continuing for a long time
condemn sb to (do) sth start learning		to say what the punishment of someone who has committed a serious crime will be
lethal injection start learning		an injection of a drug that kills someone, especially as a punishment for committing a crime
disturbing start learning		making you feel worried or upset
to struggle to do sth start learning		to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do something
death chamber / execution chamber start learning		a room or chamber in which capital punishment is carried out
to liken sth to sth start learning		to say that someone is similar to or has the same qualities as someone else
to snore start learning		to breathe in a very noisy way while you are sleeping
experimental start learning		relating to tests, especially scientific ones
using or based on new ideas start learning		using or based on new ideas
to file an appeal start learning		to officially record a request made to a court of law or to someone in authority to change a previous decision
to file start learning		to officially record something, especially in a law court
appeal start learning		a request made to a court of law or to someone in authority to change a previous decision
emergency appeal start learning		emergency appeal
an attorney (US) start learning		a lawyer
an inmate start learning		a person who is kept in a prison or a hospital for people who are mentally ill
a stay (of execution) start learning		an order by a court to temporarily stop an action or an earlier court decision being carried out
to writhe start learning		to make large twisting movements with the body
a gurney start learning		a light bed on wheels, used to move patients in a hospital
to scramble to do sth start learning		to hurry or try very hard to get sth, often competing with other people
to put a stop to sth start learning		to stop an unpleasant, unwanted activity or habit from continuing
to pass away start learning		to die
excruciating start learning		extremely painful
a pool of blood start learning		a small area of blood
a deterrent /dɪˈter.ənt/ start learning		something that deters people from doing something
to languish start learning		to exist in an unpleasant or unwanted situation, often for a long time
stooped to someone's level start learning		to behave as badly as someone who has treated one wrongly
sentence start learning		a punishment given by a judge in court to a person or organization after they have been found guilty of doing something wrong
stooped start learning		with the the top half of the body bent forward and down
heinous start learning		very bad and shocking
abolish start learning		to end an activity or custom officially
to tap someone's phone start learning		to tap means to listen to phone calls without the people involved knowing
on death row start learning		in prison and waiting to be killed as a punishment for a crime
to retract a confession start learning		to take back a confession or to admit that a statement was false
(to be) on the fence start learning		not able to decide something
hanging start learning		the act of killing someone, especially as a punishment for a serious crime, by dropping that person with a rope tied around their neck
firing squad start learning		Group of soldiers set to kill a prisoner as a punishment
stoning start learning		to kill someone as a punishment by throwing stones at them
to be crucified start learning		to be killed by tying or fastening with nails to a cross and left there to die
decapitation start learning		beheading
burn at the stake start learning		to be tied to a wooden pole and burnt to death as a punishment
coctail start learning		a mixture of different things, often an unexpected, dangerous, or exciting one
A misscarriage of justice start learning		a situation in which someone is punished by the law courts for a crime that they have not committed
fitting penalty start learning		appropriate, proper, suitable punishment
covering letter start learning		a letter that you send with something, to explain what you are sending or to give extra information
career path start learning		the way that you progress in your work, either in one job or in a series of jobs
promotion prospects start learning		chances of getting a promotion
claim form start learning		an official document that you use to request an amount of money from an organization, when you think you are owed it
reimburse start learning		to pay back money to someone who has spent it for you or lost it because of you
travel expenses start learning		money that your employer pays you because you are spending that amount on travel that is necessary for your work
working conditions start learning		the environment of the workplace
job description start learning		a list of the responsibilities that you have and the duties that you are expected to perform in your work
favourable start learning		showing that you like or approve of someone or something; positive
trial period start learning		a period of time during which someone or something is tested
sick pay start learning		money given by an employer to someone who cannot work because of illness
pension scheme start learning		a system for saving money for your retirement
graduate start learning		a person who has a first degree from a university or college
extra time start learning		a period of time in a sports game in which play continues if neither team has won in the usual time allowed for the game
supplementary start learning		additional
overtime start learning		(time spent working) after the usual time needed or expected in a job
double time start learning		twice the usual rate of pay for a job
sheer start learning		used to emphasize how very great, important, or powerful a quality or feeling is; nothing except
labour start learning		practical work, especially when it involves hard physical effort
industry start learning		the companies and activities involved in the process of producing goods for sale, especially in a factory or special area
forefront start learning		the most noticeable or important position
main start learning		larger, more important, or having more influence than others of the same type
principal start learning		first in order of importance
leading start learning		very important or most important
odds start learning		the probability that a particular thing will or will not happen
opportunity start learning		a chance to do something
likelihood start learning		the chance that something will happen
vocation start learning		a type of work that you feel you are suited to doing and to which you should give all your time and energy, or the feeling that a type of work suits you in this way
vacancy start learning		a job that no one is doing and is therefore available for someone new to do
employment start learning		the fact of someone being paid to work for a company or organization
steady start learning		constant
takeover start learning		a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares
resignation start learning		the act of telling your employer that you are leaving your job
notification start learning		the act of telling someone officially about something, or a document, etc. that does this
retirement start learning		the act of leaving your job and stopping working, usually because you are old
dismissal start learning		the situation in which an employer officially makes someone leave their job
productivity start learning		the rate at which a company or country makes goods
substantial start learning		large in size, value, or importance
investment start learning		the action or process of investing money for profit or material result.
qualification start learning		an official record showing that you have finished a training course or have the necessary skills
expertise start learning		a high level of knowledge or skill
industrial action start learning		an occasion when workers do something that is intended to force an employer to agree to something, especially by stopping work
dispute start learning		an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between, for example, workers and employers
representative start learning		someone who speaks or does something officially for another person or group of people
economize start learning		to try to save money by reducing the amount that you are spending
streamlined start learning		improved or made simpler
clarified start learning		made clear
executive start learning		someone in a high position, especially in business, who makes decisions and puts them into action
foreman start learning		a skilled person with experience who is in charge of and watches over a group of workers
manufacturer start learning		a company that produces goods in large numbers
trainee start learning		a person who is learning and practising the skills of a particular job
agent start learning		a person who acts for or represents another
industrialist start learning		an owner or an employee in a high position in industry
labourer start learning		a person who does unskilled physical work, especially outside
dealer start learning		a person who trades in something
headhunt start learning		to persuade someone to leave their job by offering that person another job with more pay and a higher position
tether start learning		a rope or chain used to tie, especially an animal, to a post or other fixed place, usually so that it can move freely within a small area
the sack start learning		a situation in which someone is removed from their job
grindstone start learning		a large, round stone that is turned by a machine and is used to make tools sharper or sharp edges smooth
golden handshake start learning		a usually large payment made to people when they leave their job
on the go start learning		very busy
overlook start learning		to fail to notice or consider something or someone
keep someone on their toes start learning		to cause or force someone to be alert and ready for anything that might happen
complacent /kəmˈpleɪ.sənt/ start learning		feeling so satisfied with your own abilities or situation that you feel you do not need to try any harder
right up your street/alley start learning		to be the type of thing that you are interested in or that you enjoy doing
glass ceiling start learning		a point after which you cannot go any further, usually in improving your position at work
living wage start learning		money you earn from your job that is enough to pay for the things you need to live, such as food and a home
minimum wage start learning		the smallest amount of money that employers are legally allowed to pay someone who works for them
whistleblower start learning		a person who tells someone in authority about something illegal that is happening, especially in a government department or a company
cope with start learning		to deal successfully with a difficult situation or job
vanishing start learning		beginning to disappear
cease to exist start learning		stop existing forever, to stop happening or continuing
economical start learning		not costing or spending much money
economics start learning		the study of the way that goods and services are produced and sold and the way money is managed
(unc.) start learning		(unc.)
economic start learning		relating to the economy of a particular country or region
economy start learning		the system by which a country's trade, industry, and money are organized (countable)
familiar start learning		well known to you, or easily recognized by you
replaced by start learning		to take the place of something that was there before
linked start learning		if people, things, or events are linked, they are related to each other in some way
key in sth start learning		to enter information into a computer or other device using a keyboard or buttons:
dig deep start learning		to manage to find a lot of money for something
handprint start learning		a mark left by someone's hand
instance start learning		a particular situation, event, or fact, especially an example of something that happens generally
attached start learning		joined or fixed to something
pocket money start learning		money that parents regularly give to their children
capacity start learning		the amount of something that can be put in a container, or the number of people that a place has room for
capability start learning		the ability to do something
sheer start learning		used for emphasizing the amount or degree of something
complete start learning		used for emphasizing that someone or something has a particular quality
He's a complete idiot! start learning		He's a complete idiot!
spending power start learning		the degree to which people have money to buy products and services
downright start learning		completely or extremely: used for emphasizing how bad someone or something is
She was downright rude! start learning		She was downright rude!
rattling start learning		a sound similar to a series of quickly repeated knocks
haggle start learning		to argue in order to agree on the price of something
have a nest-egg start learning		to have some savings
expenditure start learning		An amount of money spent.
to be in debt start learning		to owe money to someone
thrifty start learning		careful about how you spend money so that you do not waste any
to be paid on commission start learning		an extra amount of money that you earn in your job every time you sell a product or get a new customer
We lend money start learning		We let people borrow from us
wage start learning		an amount of money that you earn for working, usually according to how many hours or days you work each week or month
salary start learning		a fixed amount of money that you earn each month or year from your job
current account start learning		a bank account that you can take money out of whenever you want using a cheque or a cash card. The American word is checking account.
household bills start learning		bills such as gas or water
savings account start learning		a bank account that earns interest
(earn) interest start learning		money that you receive from an institution such as a bank when you keep money in an account there
rate start learning		an amount of money that is paid or charged
down payment start learning		a first payment that you make when you are buying something and are going to pay the rest later
(monthly) instalments start learning		one of several payments that an amount is divided into, so that you do not have to pay the whole amount at one time
stock market start learning		the activities connected with buying and selling shares in companies
= stock exchange start learning		= stock exchange
business venture start learning		a new business or business activity, especially one that involves risk
fall through start learning		fail to happen
raise capital start learning		get money to put into a business
tax return start learning		form used to file income taxes
(a form that some people must fill in to give information about how much they have earned in a year) start learning		(a form that some people must fill in to give information about how much they have earned in a year)
self-employed start learning		working for yourself
grant start learning		an amount of money that the government or an organization gives you for a specific purpose and does not ask you to pay back. (Money that you have to pay back is called a loan)
scholarship start learning		COUNTABLE an amount of money that an organization gives to someone so that they can study at a particular school or university
subsidy start learning		an amount of money that the government or another organization pays to help to reduce the cost of a product or service
fetch start learning		to be sold for a particular amount of money, especially at an auction
take out start learning		to get something officially, especially from an insurance company, bank, or law court
withdraw start learning		to take money from a bank account
receipts start learning		the total amount of money that a business or organization receives in a particular period of time
takings start learning		all the money that a business gets from selling things
prosperous start learning		rich and successful
fortunate start learning		lucky
wealthy start learning		very rich
costly start learning		expensive, especially too expensive
priceless start learning		too valuable to be measured by price
valueless start learning		without worth
worthless start learning		without value; not worth anything
settle start learning		to pay all the money that you owe to a particular person or company
fall in value start learning		depreciate
come into a fortune start learning		to get some money unexpectedly, usually by inheritance
invest start learning		to use your money with the aim of making a profit from it, for example by buying property or buying shares in a company
made redundant start learning		to lose your job because the company has no longer work available for you
qualified for early retirement start learning		...
booming business start learning		experiencing a period of economic success, with a lot of trade and business activity
to be declared bankrupt start learning		bankrupt has officially admitted that they have no money and cannot pay what they owe
account start learning		an arrangement in which a bank looks after your money. You can deposit (=put in) or withdraw (=take out) money when you need to
acordingly start learning		in a way that is suitable or right for the situation
make a wise investment start learning		to invest your money in a good way
competitive (loan) start learning		offering goods or services at cheaper prices than other companies
mortgage /ˈmɔː(r)ɡɪdʒ/ start learning		a legal agreement in which you borrow money from a bank in order to buy a house. You pay back your ... by making monthly payments
on the market start learning		available for sale
(maintain account) in credit start learning		to have more money in an account than the amount that you have taken out
financial advice start learning		Information, advice, and assistance with a wide range of financial topics.
free of charge start learning		without payment
stocks start learning		money that people invest in the government, producing a fixed rate of interest
share start learning		one of the equal parts of a company that you can buy as a way of investing money
currency start learning		the system of money used in a particular country
enterprise start learning		an organization, especially a business, or a difficult and important plan, especially one that will earn money
free enterprise start learning		an economic system in which private businesses compete with each other to sell goods and services in order to make a profit, and in which government control is limited to protecting the public and running the economy
firmly start learning		used for saying that an idea, feeling etc is fixed and unlikely to change
asking price start learning		the price that someone wants for something they are selling
pension fund start learning		money that employees of a company pay regularly to be invested to provide them with a pension when they are older
insurance claim start learning		formal request to the insurance company for reimbursement for a loss or accident
sales figures start learning		a report of the income a company generates through sales of products or services
raise a loan start learning		to take OUT a loan
credit rating start learning		financial information about someone that a bank or shop uses for deciding whether to lend them money or to give them credit
take over start learning		to take control of something
independent financial adviser start learning		a person who gives advice about and sells investments, insurance and other financial products but who does not work for a bank or insurance company
concerning start learning		about a particular subject
inconvenience start learning		an annoying problem or situation, especially one that forces you to make an extra effort to do something
endeavour /ɪnˈdevə(r)/ start learning		an effort to do something, especially something new or difficult
time slot start learning		a time when something can happen or is planned to happen, especially when it is one of several possible times
invoice start learning		a document giving details of goods or services that someone has bought and must pay for
delayed start learning		later than is planned or expected
dispatch start learning		to send someone or something somewhere
maintain start learning		to make something stay the same
goodwill gesture start learning		a feeling of wanting to be friendly and helpful to someone
deducting start learning		to take an amount or number from a total
cheque start learning		a piece of printed paper that you can use instead of money to pay for things.
enclosed start learning		sent in an envelope with a letter
appreciate start learning		to be grateful for something
acknowledgement start learning		a letter telling you that someone has received something you sent them
freepost start learning		a system in the UK by which businesses pay the charges for letters that their customers send to them
consult sb about sth start learning		...
volatile explosive start learning		highly unstable unpredictable
subsidy start learning		an amount of money that the government or another organization pays to help to reduce the cost of a product or service
allowance start learning		an amount of money that someone receives regularly, in order to pay for the things they need
fine start learning		an amount of money that you have to pay because you have broken the law
grant start learning		an amount of money that the government or an organization gives you for a specific purpose and does not ask you to pay back.
pension start learning		money that someone regularly receives after they have stopped working because of their age, paid either by their company or by the government
exceed start learning		to go or be beyond the limit or expectations
target start learning		aim, goal
bonus start learning		extra money that you are paid in addition to your usual salary
donation start learning		money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people
gratuity start learning		a small amount of money that you give to someone to thank them for doing something for you
premium start learning		an amount of money that you pay regularly for an insurance policy
income tax start learning		tax on earnings
annual income start learning		The total amount of income an individual earns in a year from working, interest income, dividends, gifts, and so forth.
expenditure start learning		money spent by a government, organization, or person
expense /ɪkˈspens/ start learning		an amount of money that you spend in order to buy or do something
price start learning		The amount of money exchanged for a good or service
penalty start learning		a punishment for breaking a rule or law
ransom start learning		the amount of money that someone wants to be paid before they will let a person who they are keeping prisoner go free
reward start learning		prize
aid start learning		money, food, or other help that an organization or government gives to a country or area where people need it, for example because of a war or flood
loan start learning		an amount of money that a person, business, or country borrows, especially from a bank
supplement start learning		to add extra money to the amount that you normally earn
implement start learning		to make something such as an idea, plan, system, or law start to work and be used
commission start learning		an amount of money that you earn in your job every time you sell a product or get a new customer
provision start learning		the act of providing something that someone needs
fee start learning		money that you pay to a professional person or institution for their work
income start learning		money that someone gets from working or from investing money
bear to start learning		tolerate
give in start learning		to stop competing or arguing and accept that you cannot win
let out start learning		to allow a person or animal to leave a place
part with start learning		to give something to someone although you would prefer to keep it
pay off start learning		if something that you do pays off, it brings you some benefit
bulk start learning		something that is very large, wide, and solid
gross /ɡrəʊs/ start learning		a gross amount of money is the total amount before taxes or costs have been taken out
mass start learning		a large quantity or number
wholesale /ˈhoʊl.seɪl/ start learning		relating to the business of selling large quantities of goods, especially to people who are going to sell them in a shop / hutrownia
net income start learning		income that is left after tax has been paid)
alter start learning		to change or modify
to cash start learning		to exchange a cheque for its value in notes and coins
a postal order (UK), a money order(US) start learning		an official piece of paper with an amount of money written on it that you can send or give to someone who can then exchange it for the same amount of money at a post office
penniless start learning		without money; poor
well deserved start learning		that someone completely deserves to have because of the way they have behaved or the qualities they have
well off start learning		rich, wealthy
spare sth for start learning		available to be shared, or given to someone, because it is additional to what you need for yourself
provide start learning		to give someone something that they want or need
exemption start learning		permission to ignore something such as a rule, obligation, or payment
concern start learning		to worry
impose start learning		to introduce something such as a new law or new system, and force people to accept it
regard start learning		to think of someone or something in a particular way
benefit start learning		advantage
winning start learning		used about things that make someone attractive or successful
permit start learning		an official document that gives you permission to do something
estimates start learning		an amount that you guess or calculate using the information available
receipts start learning		a document that you get from someone showing that you have given them money or goods
salary start learning		A fixed amount of money paid to an employee, usually worker of the higher rank
wage start learning		An amount of money paid to an employee at a specific rate per hour worked.
alimony start learning		payments made regularly to an ex-spouse after divorce
upkeep start learning		maintenance
duty start learning		import tax
interest start learning		money that a person or institution such as a bank charges you for lending you money
fare start learning		the money that you pay for a journey
to deposit start learning		to put money into an account
government bonds start learning		a document given to someone who invests money in a government or company, promising to pay back the money with interest
saving account start learning		a bank account that earns interest
beads start learning		little round jewelery for necklaces and bracelets
cattle start learning		cows and bulls kept by farmers for their milk or meat.
exchange rate start learning		the value of the money of one country when you change it into the money of another country
a deposit start learning		a first payment that you make when you agree to buy something expensive such as a car or house. The rest of the money that you pay later is called the balance
dividend start learning		a share of the profits of a company, paid once or twice a year to the people who own the company's shares
legacy start learning		an amount of money or property left to someone in a will
overdraft start learning		an agreement with your bank that allows you to spend money when you have no money left in your account
royalties start learning		a payment that someone such as a writer or musician gets each time their work is sold or performed
shareholder start learning		an owner of shares in a company
going rate start learning		the usual amount of money that people are paying for something
tax relief start learning		The payment of less tax
assistance start learning		help or support
clasp start learning		to hold someone or something tightly with your hand
grasp start learning		hold firmly
seize start learning		to gain control in a situation
tackle start learning		to make an organized and determined attempt to deal with a problem, often a social problem such as crime or unemployment
inheritance start learning		property or money that you receive from someone when they die
dowry start learning		money and property that, in some cultures, a woman's family gives to her husband when they get married
heirloom /ˈer.luːm/ start learning		a valuable or special possession that has belonged to a family for many years
heritage start learning		legacy or tradition
assets start learning		something such as money or property that a person or company owns
abundance start learning		a very large quantity of something
overflow start learning		an extra amount of people or things that do not fit into a particular space
surplus /ˈsɝː.pləs/ start learning		more of something than is necessary
contribution start learning		a regular payment that you make when you are working that helps to pay for your pension or for benefits for people who are unemployed or ill
tribute start learning		to say or do something that shows you respect and admire someone a lot
subscription start learning		an agreement to pay an amount of money so that you will receive something such as a magazine or a service.
unscrupulous start learning		having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair
fall prey to start learning		become a victim of
sacrifice start learning		something given up for the sake of another
scapegoat start learning		someone who is blamed for something that is not their fault, especially because someone else wants to avoid being blamed
windfall start learning		an amount of money that you get when you are not expecting it, especially a large amount
striking start learning		attracting your interest or attention because of some unusual feature
stringent start learning		stringent rules or conditions are strict and make you achieve high standards
substantial start learning		of considerable importance, size, or worth
palpable start learning		obvious or very easily noticed
tangible start learning		important and noticeable; something that is tangible is something that you can touch
split the difference start learning		to do, give, or take an amount of something that is between two other amounts, often as a way of reaching an agreement
mint start learning		to make a coin from metal
mould start learning		to give something a particular shape or form
dole queue start learning		the number of people who do not have a job and who are receiving money from the government
liable for start learning		legally responsible for
hurl start learning		to throw something using a lot of force
lob start learning		to throw something so that it goes high into the air
toss start learning		to throw something somewhere gently or in a slightly careless way
wide of the mark start learning		incorrect
broad start learning		very wide
distant start learning		far away
Western World start learning		Any part of the world to the west of one's own region; applied specifically to the Americas and the Caribbean, or to Europe, as opposed to the Middle East and Orient.
deviation start learning		the action of doing something that is different from the usual or common way of behaving
differentiation start learning		the act of showing or finding difference between things that are compared
distance start learning		the amount of space between two places
per annum start learning		by the year; annually
annex start learning		1. to take possession of an area of land or a country and add it to a larger area, usually by force
2. an addition to a building, or another building, used with an existing building start learning		2. an addition to a building, or another building, used with an existing building
3. an addition to a document or report start learning		3. an addition to a document or report
increment start learning		one of a series of increases
prize start learning		something valuable, such as an amount of money, that is given to someone who succeeds in a competition or game or that is given to someone as a reward for doing very good work
subsidise start learning		to pay part of the cost of something
contribute start learning		to give something, especially money, in order to provide or achieve something together with other people
endow start learning		to give a large amount of money to pay for creating a college, hospital, etc. or to provide an income for it
deduction start learning		the process of reaching a decision or answer by thinking about the known facts, or the decision that is reached
discount start learning		a reduction in the usual price
rebate start learning		an amount of money that is returned to you, especially by the government, for example when you have paid too much tax
share price start learning		the price of a particular company's shares
the Stock Exchange start learning		a place where shares in companies are bought and sold, or the organization of people whose job is to do this buying or selling
plunge start learning		to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something
recover start learning		to become successful or normal again after being damaged or having problems
regain start learning		to reach or return to a place, especially after difficulty or danger
restore start learning		to return something or someone to an earlier good condition or position
retrieve start learning		to find and bring back something
bankrupt start learning		unable to pay what you owe, and having had control of your financial matters given, by a law court, to a person who sells your property to pay your debts; having no money
charge start learning		to ask an amount of money for something, especially a service or activity
liability start learning		debts
promise start learning		to tell someone that you will certainly do something
capital start learning		money and possessions, especially a large amount of money used for producing more wealth or for starting a new business
bound up start learning		closely connected or involved
knotted start learning		joined by having been tied together in a knot, or containing a knot or knots
lock up start learning		an agreement or period of time during which someone cannot get back the money they have invested
tie up something start learning		to limit someone's or something's movement or use
tax refund start learning		money you recieve when you overpaid your taxes
creditor start learning		a person or company that is owed money by another person or company
child support (BrE) child maintenance (AmE) start learning		money that you pay to your ex-wife or ex-husband to help your children after you are divorced
to be overdrown start learning		if you are overdrawn, or if your bank account is overdrawn, you owe your bank money that you have spent when there was no money in your account
to hoard money start learning		to have a large amount
tax evasion start learning		the use of illegal methods to pay less tax or to pay no tax at all
subsidiary start learning		a company that is owned by a larger company
demographic timebomb start learning		a predicted shortage of school-leavers and consequently of available workers, caused by an earlier drop in the birth rate, resulting in an older workforce
egalitarian start learning		supporting a social system in which everyone has equal status and the same money and opportunities
to draw money out start learning		to take your money form your bank account
obtain start learning		to get
deficit start learning		A deficiency or lack of something
deterioration start learning		the process of becoming worse than before
devaluation start learning		an official reduction in the value of a country's money
specimen signature start learning		a copy of your name written by yourself that a bank or other organization keeps so that they can be sure that your name on a cheque or other document was also written by you:
cater start learning		to provide food and drinks at an event
subtract start learning		to take away a small part of something
branch start learning		part of organisation
quarter start learning		a part of a town where you find particular buildings, activities, or people
the Chinese quarter of the city start learning		the Chinese quarter of the city
assure start learning		to tell someone that something will definitely happen or is definitely true, especially in order to remove doubt about it
ensure start learning		to make something certain to happen
insure start learning		to protect yourself against risk by regularly paying a special company that will provide a fixed amount of money if you are killed or injured or if your home or possessions are damaged, destroyed, or stolen
extract start learning		to remove a substance from another substance
encased start learning		to cover or enclose something completely:
The medal was encased in clear plastic. start learning		The medal was encased in clear plastic.
a form of identification start learning		a document that can prove your identity
safekeeping start learning		the act of protecting something
lender/creditor start learning		an organization or person that lends money.
borrower/debtor [ˈdetə(r)] start learning		person who borrows money or uses credit
sliding scale start learning		a system of making payments or paying taxes where the amount that you pay changes according to a fixed set of rates
gauge start learning		to make a judgment or guess about a situation, action, or person based on the information that you have
I failed to gaug start learning		I failed to gaug
enquiries start learning		a question intended to get information about someone or something
arouse start learning		to cause an emotion or attitude
elicit start learning		to make someone react in the way that you want
extort start learning		to illegally get money or information from someone by using force or threats
financial backing start learning		support in the form of money
cash flow start learning		the difference between cash coming in and cash going out of a business
cashing up start learning		to count and check all the money that a shop has received in a day
petty cash start learning		a small amount of money in coins or notes that a business or organization keeps available to pay for small things
overdue start learning		a payment that is overdue should have been paid before now
indebted start learning		owing money
unbalanced start learning		mentally ill
counterfeit start learning		illegal copies made in order to trick people
mimic start learning		o copy someone's voice, behaviour, or appearance, especially in order to make people laugh or to make someone feel annoyed or embarrassed
mock start learning		not real but intended to look or seem real
takes your fancy start learning		you like it, or you want to have or do it
to beat sb up start learning		to hurt someone badly by hitting or kicking them repeatedly
to toil start learning		to work hard (especially physically)
a beam start learning		a long, thick piece of wood, metal, or concrete, especially used to support weight in a building or other structure
to put your life on the line start learning		To put oneself in harm's way to achieve something, especially at the risk of losing one's life. (Sometimes used hyperbolically.)
to catch fire start learning		to start burning
cut start learning		throat- competing in a strong and unfair way, without considering any harm caused to others (np. business)
at the sharp end start learning		the part of an activity, such as a job, where the most problems are likely to be found
a slut start learning		a woman who has sexual relationships with a lot of men without any emotional involvement or UK: a woman who is usually untidy and lazy
to meet a deadline start learning		to finish work on time, by the agreed date.
to churn sth out start learning		to produce large amounts of something quickly, usually something of low quality- substandard; of inferior quality
the high street start learning		a street where the most important shops and businesses in a town are
a death trap start learning		something that is very dangerous and could cause death
to give way to sth start learning		to be replaced by something, especially because it is better, cheaper, easier, etc
torchlight start learning		light given by torches
to regain consciousness start learning		to become conscious again: to wake up
a pillar start learning		a strong column made of stone, metal, or wood that supports part of a building
an official start learning		a person who has a position of responsibility in an organization
to assure sb start learning		to tell someone confidently that something is true, especially so that they do not worry
to be riddled with sth start learning		to be fulled of; If a plan or system, etc. is riddled with bad features, such as mistakes, it is full of them
a garment start learning		a piece of clothing
a succession of start learning		a number of similar events or people that happen, exist, etc. after each other
in succession start learning		happening one after another
to cast a shadow over start learning		to spoil a good situation with something unpleasant
to clean up one's act start learning		to change the way you behave, so that you stop doing bad or dishonest things
in the space of + time period start learning		before the end of (a stated time): in (a stated time) or less
apparel start learning		clothes, esp. of a special type; np: women's
by no means start learning		not in any way
to back sth start learning		to give support to someone or something
to crumble start learning		to break, or cause something to break, into small piece
notoriously start learning		/noʊˈtɔːr.i.əs.li/ in a way that is famous for something bad
to stand up for one's rights start learning		to defend one's rights; to defend or support a particular idea or a person who is being criticized or attacked
to conceal sth start learning		to prevent something from being seen or known about
put up with start learning		to accept or continue to accept an unpleasant situation or experience, or someone who behaves unpleasantly
culpable start learning		deserving to be blamed or considered responsible for something bad
infringed start learning		broken (about human rights)
ad lib start learning		said without any preparation or practice
swap start learning		to give something and be given something else instead
flexible start learning		can work in different ways, at different times, or in different places when it is necessary
dependable start learning		you can have confidence in him, her, or it
hardworking start learning		always putting a lot of effort and care into your work
creative start learning		producing or using original and unusual ideas
resourceful start learning		skilled at solving problems and making decisions on your own
methodical (also systematic?) start learning		do things in a very ordered, careful way
proactive start learning		(taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it happens)
ambitious start learning		having a strong desire for success, achievement, power, or wealth)
motivated start learning		very enthusiastic or determined because you really want to do something
results-oriented (also goal-oriented?) start learning		works hard to achieve good results in the tasks that they have been given
organised start learning		People who plan things well and don't waste time
disciplined start learning		behaving in a very controlled way
tenacious start learning		unwilling to accept defeat or stop doing or having something
independent start learning		not influenced or controlled in any way by other people, events, or things
open-minded start learning		willing to consider ideas and opinions that are new or different to your own
passionate about... start learning		having very strong feelings or emotions
determined start learning		wanting to do something very much and not allowing anyone or any difficulties to stop you
persistent start learning		continues doing something or tries to do something in a determined but often unreasonable way
focused start learning		giving a lot of attention to one particular thing
a team-player start learning		someone who is good at working closely with other people
meticulous start learning		giving or showing careful attention to every detail
empathetic start learning		having the ability to imagine how someone else feels
patient start learning		the ability to wait, or to continue doing something despite difficulties, or to suffer without complaining or becoming annoyed
thorough start learning		paying close attention to detail
conscientious start learning		putting a lot of effort into your work
gregarious start learning		liking to be with other people
introvert start learning		someone who is shy, quiet, and prefers to spend time alone rather than often being with other people
a problem solver start learning		finding solutions to problems
a people person start learning		someone who is friendly and enjoys meeting and talking to people
sociable start learning		like to meet and spend time with other people
a born leader start learning		someone with an innate capacity to effectively manage and lead groups of people to achieve collective goals
a go-getter start learning		someone who is very energetic, determined to be successful, and able to deal with new or difficult situations easily
relish start learning		to like or enjoy something
thrive start learning		to grow, develop, or be successful
shrinking habitats start learning		places where animals live and breed which are decreasing in size
endangered species start learning		types of animals/plants which are in danger of no longer existing
global warming start learning		steady rise in average world temperatures
climate change start learning		changes in the weather/climate
carbon dioxide emissions start learning		carbon dioxide gas from factories, cars, etc.
fossil fuels start learning		coal, oil, etc.
greenhouse effect start learning		warming of the Earth's surface caused by pollution
exerts severe pressure on start learning		formal: puts pressure on
finite resources start learning		limited resources
ecological balance start learning		balance of natural relationships in the environment
deforestation start learning		destruction/clearing of forests
demographic projections start learning		forecasts about the population
the worst case scenario start learning		the worst possibilities for the future
pristine environment start learning		perfectly clean/untouched/unspoilt area
green credentials start learning		reputation for positive support of the environment
prophets of doom and gloom start learning		people who always make the most depressing or pessimistic predictions about the future
sustainable development start learning		development of industry, etc. wich does not threaten the environment or social and economic stability
piecemeal conservation start learning		carrying out conservation one bit at a time, with no overall plan
amphibian start learning		able to live both on land and in water
climate start learning		the general weather conditions usually found in a particular place
demography start learning		the study of changes in the number of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in a particular area during a period of time
projection start learning		a calculation or guess about the future based on information that you have
sustainability start learning		the quality of causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time
reptile start learning		an animal that produces eggs and uses the heat of the sun to keep its blood warm
mammals start learning		any animal of which the female feeds her young on milk from her own body. Most mammals give birth to live young, not eggs
dire start learning		saying that something very bad is going to happen
imminent /ˈɪmɪnənt/ start learning		likely to happen very soon
nigh /naɪ/ start learning		to be going to happen soon
assert start learning		to state firmly that something is true
insofar as start learning		to the degree that
time-honoured start learning		done in the same way for a very long time
prophet of doom /ˈprɑː.fɪt/ start learning		someone who always expects bad things to happen
a bit of a draught /dræft/ start learning		a current of unpleasantly cold air blowing through a room
to get caught in a downpour start learning		to get caught in a large amount of rain that falls quickly
to stalk one's prey start learning		prey - an animal that is hunted and killed for food by another animal
to become extinct start learning		to die out
defunct /dɪˈfʌŋkt/ start learning		not existing or working any more
to peel an apple start learning		to remove the skin of a fruit
tame start learning		(especially of animals) not wild or dangerous, either naturally or because of training or long involvement with humans
resource start learning		a useful or valuable possession or quality of a country, organization, or person
source start learning		the place something comes from or starts at, or the cause of something
issue start learning		a subject that people discuss or argue about, especially relating to society, politics etc
well start learning		a deep hole in the ground from which you can get water, oil, or gas
off-shore start learning		away from or at a distance from the coast
breed start learning		a particular type of animal or plant
race start learning		one of the main groups to which people are often considered to belong, based on physical characteristics that they are perceived to share such as skin colour, eye shape, etc.
hoof start learning		the hard part on the bottom of the feet of animals such as horses, sheep, and deer (kopyto)
stable start learning		building in which horses are kept
saddle start learning		a leather seat on a horse:
sting stung stung start learning		v: if an insect or an animal stings you, it hurts you by sticking a sharp part of its body into your skin n: a small but painful injury caused when an insect or animal makes a small hole in the skin
hive start learning		a container in which bees live and make honey
buzz start learning		the sound that insects make while flying
cub start learning		a young bear, lion, fox, wolf, or other wild animal
whine start learning		if something whines, it makes a high loud sound
lead start learning		to take someone somewhere, by going with them n: a piece of rope, chain, etc. tied to an animal, especially to a dog at its collar when taking it for a walk:
kennel start learning		a small, usually wooden, shelter for a dog to sleep in outside
flock start learning		a group of sheep, goats, or birds
tusks start learning		one of the two very long pointed teeth on an animal such as an elephant
trunk start learning		an elephant's long nose
ivory /ˈaɪvəri/ start learning		the yellowish-white bone that an elephant's tusks are made of
nocturnal start learning		active at night
captivity start learning		a situation in which wild animals are kept in a place such as a park or zoo instead of living in their natural environment
endangered species /ɪnˌdeɪndʒə(r)d ˈspiːʃiːz/ start learning		a type of animal or plant that may soon become extinct (=disappear from the world)
environmentalist start learning		someone who wants to protect the environment
fierce /fɪə(r)s/ start learning		very angry, or ready to attack
mothering instincts start learning		natural tendency to behave like a mother
abundant start learning		existing or available in large quantities
maturity start learning		the qualities and behaviour that you would expect of a sensible adult
handful start learning		a very small number of people or things
epitomize /ɪˈpɪtəmaɪz/ start learning		to be the best possible example of a particular type of person or thing
diversity /daɪˈvɜː(r)səti/ start learning		the fact that very different people or things exist within a group or place
glacier start learning		glacier
UK /ˈɡlæsiə(r)/ start learning		UK / ˈɡlæsiə (r) /
USA /ˈɡleɪ.si.ɚ/ start learning		a large mass of ice that moves slowly
vital (evidence) /ˈvaɪt(ə)l/ start learning		very important, necessary, or essential
lump /lʌmp/ start learning		1. a small hard part on or under your skin that is caused by illness or injury
2. someone lazy start learning		2. someone lazy
wildebeest /ˈvɪldəˌbiːst/ start learning		an African wild animal that is a type of antelope with curved horns
falconer start learning		A hawk trainer
blossom start learning		a flower on a tree, or all the flowers on a tree
soil start learning		the substance on the surface of the Earth in which plants grow
horizon start learning		/həˈraɪz(ə)n/
litter start learning		a group of baby cats, dogs, or other animals that are born at the same time
young start learning		a group of young animals who belong to the same family
torrential start learning		torrential rain falls fast in large amounts
pip start learning		a small seed in a piece of fruit
stone start learning		a large hard seed inside a piece of fruit
nut start learning		a dry fruit that grows inside a hard shell on some types of tree and bush. Many kinds of nut can be eaten
climate change start learning		changes in the world's weather, in particular the fact that it is believed to be getting warmer as a result of human activity increasing the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
carbon footprint start learning		Someone's carbon footprint is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their activities produce.
merely start learning		used to emphasize that something is not large, important, or effective when compared to something else
a worst start learning		case scenario- the most unpleasant or serious thing that could happen in a situation
an ice cap start learning		a thick layer of ice that permanently covers an area of land
a wildfire start learning		a fire that is burning strongly and out of control on an area of grass or bushes in the countryside
a drought start learning		a long period when there is little or no rain, /draʊt/
Literally simply or just start learning		using the real or original meaning of a word or phrase used to emphasize what you are saying
out of this world start learning		extremely good or impressive
a taskforce start learning		a group of people who are brought together to do a particular job, or a large military group who have a military aim to achieve
to counteract start learning		to reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect
Eligible start learning		having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions; An eligible person is not married and is thought to be a suitable future marriage partner, especially because they are rich and attractive
knock-on effect start learning		When an event or situation has a knock-on effect, it causes other events or situations, but not directly
a trillion start learning		the number 1,000,000,000,000
to diffuse sth start learning		to (cause something to) spread in many directions
to divert start learning		to cause something or someone to change direction
to send sb aquiver start learning		to get sb excited
to get credit for sth start learning		to get the glory, praise, approval
to scatter start learning		to (cause to) move far apart in different directions
sulphate (siarczan) start learning		a chemical formed from sulphur, oxygen, and another element
high-latitude start learning		the position north or south of the equator measured from 0° to 90° (wysoka szerokość geograficzna)
dense start learning		having parts that are close together so that it is difficult to go or see through; thick
to offset sth start learning		to balance one effect against an opposing effect, so that there is no great difference as a result
if one thing offsets another thing, it has the opposite effect and so creates a more balanced situation start learning		if one thing offsets another thing, it has the opposite effect and so creates a more balanced situation
needless to say start learning		as you would expect; added to, or used to introduce, a remark giving information that is expected and not surprising:
a watchdog start learning		a person or organization responsible for making certain that companies obey particular standards and do not act illegally
a moratorium start learning		a stopping of an activity for an agreed amount of time
to blast sth start learning		to destroy or explode sth with explosives
to knock sth off course start learning		If you are headed in a particular direction in a small boat and something forcibly pushes you off your course ("path"), such as a strong wind and big waves—you've been knocked off course
Credible start learning		able to be believed or trusted
to come up start learning		to spend less, do less, or use less of something
to cut back start learning		to do less of something, or use something in smaller amounts, especially money; to spend less
Integrity start learning		honesty; the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change
a thermostat start learning		a device that keeps a building, engine, etc. within a limited temperature range by automatically switching the supply of heat on and off
a convert start learning		/ˈkɑːn.vɝːt/ someone who changes their beliefs, habits, or way of living
when pigs fly start learning		something that will never happen, impossible, highly unlikely to happen
an advocate start learning		/ˈæd.və.keɪt/ someone who publicly supports something
a back-up plan start learning		another plan prepared in case the initial one fails
vast start learning		huge
hubris start learning		/ˈhjuː.brɪs/ a way of talking or behaving that is too proud
to rise to a challenge start learning		take on a difficult task
to discourage start learning		to make someone feel less confident, enthusiastic, and positive about something, or less willing to do something
real start learning		world-happening in the world or in someone's life rather than in a book, in the imagination, on the internet, etc.
tethered start learning		/ˈteð.ɚd/ tied to a post or fixed to the ground with a rope or chain
a hose start learning		a long plastic or rubber pipe, used to direct water onto fires, gardens, etc
altitude start learning		height above the sea level
to ice over start learning		becoming covered with a layer of ice

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