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Question		Answer
The misuse (of something) It is easy to misuse statistics to falsely convince the uninformed start learning		Niewłaściwe użycie (czegoś) to use something incorrectly,
To abuse something 1. Williams abused his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends. 2. People think that emotional abuse isn't as bad as physical abuse, start learning		Nadużywać czegoś / wykorzystywac use something in a way that will cause damage or harm
Quacks Many of those quack doctors were busy selling their own, often more dangerous diet cures. start learning		Znachorzy / szarlatan someone who dishonestly claims to have specialist knowledge in a particular field, usually in medicine.
quackery Most medical practices were based on a fearful quackery, and most of the doctors were butchers or just crazy. start learning		szarlataneria the word for the actions of quacks.
charlatan, snake oil salesman, Are We Turning CBD Into Snake Oil? start learning		szarlatan, osoba świadomie sprzedająca podróbki lub fałszywy towar negative words for someone who lies about their identity, perhaps pretending to be a doctor when in fact they’re not.
Hack start learning		pismak, kiepski pisarz a bad journalist - perhaps someone who writes stories that are sensational but not completely factual. It’s a journalist or writer with no integrity.
evidence-based policy politicians chase headlines over evidence-based policy start learning		polityka oparta na faktach policy which is based on proper scientific evidence.
transparency Transparency has always been a very important issue for the Council. start learning		zrozumiałość (np. języka), przejrzystość (np. informacji), jawność (kłamstwa) he word we use to refer to making information available and open for everyone
Opaque As the liquid cools it becomes cloudy and opaque. start learning		Nieprzezroczysty opposite of transparent, but this is usually just used for things you can’t see through. We don’t usually talk about opaque companies or opaque research.
Translucent start learning		półprzezroczysty (o cieczy), prześwitujący (np. materiał) you can partly see through, like glass that is frosted and lets in light, but you can’t see detail
Reliable Jane is one of the most reliable people in the office and she is a genuine asset to the company. start learning		solidny, niezawodny, wiarygodny, rzetelny, spolegliwy, godny zaufania We use it in everyday English for various things, like to describe people you can rely on.
unreliable This technology is very unreliable. start learning		niesolidny, niepewny, zawodny opposite to reliable
To rely on someone/something I think we need to get a new car. We just can’t rely on this one any more. start learning		Polegać na kimś / czymś phrasal verb associated with the adjective reliable
Bias / biased It’s important to avoid bias in scientific studies because it can cause the results to be misleading. start learning		stronniczość, uprzedzenie, is a preference for or against something. (Political bias, gender bias, racial bias)
Biased The newspaper is a bit biased. They write more positively about the government than the opposition. start learning		Stronniczy Ta gazeta jest nieco stronnicza. Lepiej piszą o rządzie niż o opozycji.
unbiased I rely on your unbiased opinion start learning		bezstronny opposite to biased
Incompetence / incompetent Brexit has been a complete disaster so far largely because of the incompetence of government ministers in their negotiations with the EU. start learning		niekompetencja/niekompetentny This is the lack of skill or ability to do your job properly.
competen / competence Naturally, if you are running a company you want to employ competent people so you can rely on them to do their jobs properly. start learning		kompetencje / kompetencje opposite to inccompetence
Efficacy of medicine Efficacious and efficacy are the words used in the pharmaceutical industry, by medical professionals and doctors when discussing how a drug works under test conditions. start learning		Skuteczność leku Both of these words (effectiveness and efficacy) mean when something works in the way that was intended. Another way to say this is to say that it works well.
effective It wasn't the most effective way to solve this problem start learning		efektywny
To misinterpret Steve badly misinterpreted the statistics of the survey. start learning		Źle zinterpretować misinterpreting data, research, results, information, figures, facts etc, means drawing the wrong conclusions from it.
To scrutinise something If you are an auditor you might scrutinise the financial records of a company to make sure there is no evidence of fraud. start learning		szczegółowo badać (coś), analizować (coś) To scrutinise something means to examine it very carefully in a lot of detail.
Scrutiny his essay could use some professional scrutiny start learning		szczegółowe badanie (np. dokumentu), analiza (czegoś)
be the subject of scrutiny The way in which the courts handle such claims has been the subject of close scrutiny. start learning		być przedmiotem kontroli (=be examined)
Armpits Anti-perspirant deodorant is the stuff that we typically put into our armpits start learning		Pachy spaces under your arms where your arms join your body
To perspire He always perspires when he's lying. start learning		Pocić się
glands When you get sick like that it’s normal to check your throat and neck to see if your glands are swollen start learning		gruczoł, węzeł chłonny A gland is an organ in the body which produces something the body needs, like hormones or sweat.
clogged Clogged nose, Clogged roads, A clogged drain or sink Please do not use the toilet, it's clogged. start learning		zapchany, zatkany Clogged basically means blocked, but it’s when stuff (like dirt) blocks something that usually allows things to flow smoothly. Nie korzystaj z toalety, jest zapchana.
clogged pores start learning		zatkane pory
at first glance At first glance, the place seemed deserted. start learning		na pierwszy rzut oka at first glance means when you first look at something quickly, without taking time to look at the details.
additives start learning		dodatki chemicals added to products to improve their appearance, taste, lifespan etc. Additives are usually considered to be a bad thing.
preservatives It’s full of fruit with no artificial preservatives or colourings. start learning		konserwanty are more specific types of additives which are put into products to preserve them, so they don’t go off, get mouldy, go stale or decompose.
invulnerable Malaria that is invulnerable to drugs is spreading across the world. start learning		niewrażliwy If you are invulnerable to something, it means it can’t harm you and you can’t be affected by it.
vulnerable Tourists are more vulnerable to attack, because they do not know which areas of the city to avoid. start learning		wrażliwy able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked
Concrete evidence The police need concrete evidence of an offence before they can prosecute someone. start learning		Solidny dowód
A concrete example That sounds a bit vague, so here’s a concrete example. start learning		Konkretny przykład
a dummy pill, a placebo The placebo could be powerful because it meets some psychological need for attention and treatment. start learning		ślepa pigułka, placebo the pill that patients are told is real medicine but which actually contains no medicine
startling There has been a startling increase in the numbers of homeless people start learning		zadziwiający, zdumiewający it is surprising and unusual. It makes you go “OH!”
To startle You startled me! I didn't hear you come in. start learning		Zaskoczyć to do something unexpected that surprises and sometimes worries a person or animal:
Likely (to happen) It’s likely to rain tomorrow. start learning		Może się zdarzyć If something is likely, it will probably happen or is expected
chilling Archeologists made a chilling discovery when they uncovered some mass execution graves. start learning		mrożący krew w żyłach This means that it makes you feel frightened, disturbed, scared.
No harm done I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to push you.’ ‘Don’t worry, no harm done.’ start learning		nic sie nie stalo
To do more harm than good If you don’t warm up properly, exercise may do more harm than good. start learning		Wyrządzić więcej szkody niż pożytku
To take something with a pinch of salt t's best to take what he says with a pinch of salt - he's always exaggerating. start learning		traktować coś z przymrużeniem oka This idiom means that you don’t need to believe what the person says.

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