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Meaning as Propositional Calculus start learning
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suggests that understanding sentences involves breaking them down into basic propositions and using logical operations
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start learning
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is the meaning achieved by the words in the sentence, intension assumes the word has an intrinsic meaning
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start learning
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is what the sentence refers to. Is the set of objects in the world to which the word corresponds
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start learning
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These are statements that can be evaluated as true or false
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start learning
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These are utterances that don't just describe a state of affairs but also perform an action
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start learning
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Simple sentences use basic logic, like "and" and "or", to connect ideas, more complex senteces emerge when words like "some", "supposing", and "all" are added. The meaning is determined by how these words connect and the truth values of the statements they make
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Culture-dependent Languages start learning
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languages and meanings are culture-dependent because different cultures may have unique words, grammar structures, and concepts
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start learning
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Certain words may exist in one language to express concepts specific to that culture, lacking direct equivalents in others
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start learning
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Grammar structures can reflect cultural nuances, impacting how ideas are conveyed
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Culture-specific Concepts start learning
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Cultures may have concepts with no direct counterparts in other languages, reflecting distinctive cultural values
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start learning
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These refer to mental frameworks or organized structures of knowledge that help interpret and process information. Schemas involve general knowledge about the world, while scripts are more specific, detailing expected events in particular situations.
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start learning
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phenomenon where a word or morpheme carries additional meaning, often related to its historical or cultural context
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Principle of compositionality start learning
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the meaning of a sentence comes from the meanings of its words and how they are put together
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start learning
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in linguistics the lexicon refers to the vocabulary of a language, and semantics deals with the meaning of words.
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Vocabulary of Language (Lexicon) start learning
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This includes the words in a language, organized in a system with semantic structure. This structure involves relationships between words, both in terms of how they're similar and how they're used together
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start learning
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The sense of a word is the set of relations it has with other words in the same lexical system.
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start learning
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is the connection between words and the things, events, actions or qualities they represent. It's the relationship between words and their real-world "referents". When we say "tree", for instance, reference is the link between the word and actual trees in the world.
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Paradigmatic Relations of Sense start learning
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This involves words that can occur in the same context like color terms that belong to a related set.
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Syntagmatic Relations of Sense start learning
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This relates to the co-occurence of words.
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Connotation (Associative Meaning) start learning
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Connotation refers to the additional, often emotional or cultural, meanings associated with a word beyond its literal definition.
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start learning
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Denotation is the primary, literal meaning or reference of a word. It is the specific, objective meaning that can be found in a dictionary.
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Componential analysis (semantic features) start learning
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"The hamburger ate the man" It breaks down the elemnts of the sentence. Doesn't fit the expected features of an animate, living being
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start learning
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is when a word has two or more related meanings
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start learning
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involves words that share the same form but have different meanings. There are different types
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start learning
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words like "bank" (financial institution) and "bank" (side of a river) are real homonyms because they have the same form but unrelated meanings
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start learning
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Words like "course" and "coarse" sound the same but have different meanings
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start learning
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Words like "wind" (to twist) and "wind" (air movement) are homographs - they look the same but mean different things
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Interlanguage Homonyms (False Friends) start learning
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These are words in different languages that look similar but have different meanings
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start learning
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are words or phrases with similar meanings, capturing various shades of meaning.
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start learning
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These synonyms are entirely interchangeable in all contexts.
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start learning
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Represents words that are identical in both cognitive and emotive senses. Achieving true complete synonymy can be challenging, but it implies no distinction in either meaning or emotional connotation
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start learning
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Close synonyms have similar meanings but may be used in slightly different contexts or convey subtle differences. For instance, "jump" and "leap" both refer to a similar action but might be employed in distinct situations.
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Synonyms differing in intensity start learning
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These synonyms share a common meaning but differ in intensity "break" suggests a more general action, while "smash" implies a forceful and intense breaking.
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start learning
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Certain synonyms are used in specific phrases or contexts.
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start learning
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refer to synonyms across different varieties of a language
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