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Question		Answer
Factors of production start learning		czynniki produkcji, something that is needed in order to make a particular product, for example labour, land, or materials
Externalities start learning		rzecz zewnętrzna, damage caused by a company's activities for which it does not pay, or something positive created by it for which it does not receive payment
Microeconomics start learning		mikroekonomia, the study of the economic problems of businesses and people and the way particular parts of an economy behave
Equilibrium start learning		stan równowagi, a state of balance
Econometrics start learning		ekonometria, the testing of the performance of economies and economic theories using mathematical methods
Macroeconomics start learning		makroekonomia, the study of financial systems at a national level
Aggregate demand start learning		popyt zagregowany, the total demand for goods and services within an economy
Gross National Product start learning		produkt krajowy brutto, the total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year, including profits made in foreign countries
Endogenous start learning		endogenny (źródło wewnątrz), found or coming from within something
Exogenous start learning		egzogenny (zewnętrzny), found or coming from outside something
Fiscal start learning		fiskalny, connected with (public) money
Economic start learning		ekonomiczny, relating to trade, industry, or money
Economical start learning		oszczędny, not using a lot of fuel, money etc.
Aggregate supply start learning		podaż zagregowana, the total supply of goods and services available to a particular market from producers
Cost of living start learning		koszty życia, the amount of money that a person needs to live
economize start learning		oszczędzać, to try to save money by reducing the amount that you are spending
free enterprise start learning		wolny rynek, an economic system in which private businesses compete with each other to sell goods and services in order to make a profit, and in which government control is limited to protecting the public and running the economy
inputs start learning		wkład, something such as energy, money, or information that is put into a system, organization, or machine so that it can operate
protectionism start learning		protekcjonizm, the actions of a government to help its country's trade or industry by taxing goods bought from other countries
balance of payment start learning		bilans płatniczy, summarises the economic transactions of an economy with the rest of the world
economy start learning		ekonomia, the system of trade and industry by which the wealth of a country is made and used
fluctuate start learning		oscylować, to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another
market start learning		rynek, the people who might want to buy something, or a part of the world where something is sold
scarcity start learning		niedobór, a situation in which something is not easy to find or get
capital start learning		kapitał, money and possessions, especially a large amount of money used for producing more wealth or for starting a new business
inflation start learning		inflacja, a general, continuous increase in prices
monetarism start learning		monetaryzm, a system of controlling a country's economy by limiting how much money is in use at a particular time
standard of living start learning		standard życia, the amount of money and comfort people have in a particular society
price control start learning		regulacja cen, a limit set by a government on the price that can be charged by companies for particular products or services
cost price start learning		koszt produkcji, the price that it costs to make a product, without a profit being added
price cut start learning		obniżka ceny, a reduction in the price that is charged for something
price discrimination start learning		dyskryminacja cenowa, the act of selling the same product to different groups of customers at different prices
price elasticity start learning		elastyczność cenowa, a measure of the effect of a price change or a change in the quantity supplied on the demand for a product or service
exercise price start learning		cena wykonania, the price at which someone who has an options contract (= an agreement giving the right to buy and sell shares in the future) can buy or sell the shares, etc. mentioned in it
price fixing start learning		zmowa cenowa, an agreement that is usually not legal, in which companies all sell goods at a particular price in order to keep prices high
price freeze start learning		zamrożenie cen, the situation in which prices, or the price of a particular product, are fixed at a particular level and no increases are allowed
going price start learning		bieżąca cena, what the buyer is willing to pay
historical price start learning		historyczna cena, describes the accounting cost carried in the books and reflecting the cost of the item at the time it was purchased, rather than its current value
price index start learning		wskaźnik cen, a measurement of the changes in the price of goods and services over a period of time
price list start learning		cennik, a list of prices for the goods or services offered by a company
price maintenance start learning		utrzymywanie cen, a system in which the price of goods is controlled by the manufacturer, so that sellers are not allowed to reduce the price for customers
market price start learning		cena rynkowa, a price that is likely to be paid for something
price mechanism start learning		mechanizm cenowy, the relationship between the supply of or demand for a particular product or service, and its price
minimum price start learning		cena minimalna, the lowest price that can legally be set
price range start learning		zakres cenowy, the range of prices at which similar products or services are sold
recommended price start learning		rekomendowana cena, the price that the company that makes a product suggests it should be sold for
price reduction start learning		redukcja cen, the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise
retail price start learning		cena detaliczna, the price that customers pay for goods in stores
price rise start learning		wzrost ceny, the act of increasing the selling price of merchandise
selling price start learning		cena sprzedaży, the price at which something is sold
price sensitivity start learning		wrażliwość cenowa, the situation in which the sales of a product or service go up or down in relation to its price
strike price start learning		cena wykonania, the price at which someone who has an options contract (= agreement giving the right to buy and sell particular shares, etc. in the future) can buy or sell the shares, etc. mentioned in it
price war start learning		wojna cenowa, a situation in which different companies compete with each other by reducing prices
wholesale price start learning		cena hurtowa, the price that a store or business pays for goods that it will then sell to the public
— start learning		-
breakeven point start learning		granica opłacalności, the point at which a business starts to make as much money as it has spent on a particular product, activity, etc
production capacity start learning		zdolność produkcyjna, maximum production or output, which can be produced in business with the help of available resources
distribution costs start learning		koszt dystrybucji, cost incurred by a producer incident to activities connected with placing a finished product in the hands of a customer
sales targets start learning		zakładana wysokość sprzedaży, number of products you need to sell, as well as the targeted average sale price you need to get, to achieve a budgeted profit
market positioning start learning		pozycjonowanie na rynku, the particular group of customers that a company has, or that a product is aimed at, or the type of business that a company does, in relation to other companies or products
market share start learning		udział w rynku, the number of things that a company sells compared with the number of things of the same type that other companies sell:
prime cost start learning		koszt własny, the cost of the materials and the workers that are involved when a company makes a particular product or provides a particular service
cost accountant start learning		księgowy ds kosztów, an accountant who examines all the costs involved in a business activity or a production process in order to help managers decide how to make profits or save money
variable costs start learning		koszty zmienne, a cost that changes according to how much of a product is being produced or used
market penetration pricing start learning		strategia cenowa polegająca na utrzymywaniu niskiej ceny produktu, który dopiero co wkroczył na rynek, the practice of offering a product or service at a low price in order to sell more than competitors do, and to persuade customers to keep using it
agent start learning		a person who acts for or represents another
distributor start learning		a person or organization that supplies goods to shops and companies
outlet start learning		punkt sprzedaży, a shop that is one of many owned by a particular company and that sells the goods that the company has produced
broker start learning		a person who buys and sells foreign money, shares in companies, etc., for other people
franchisee start learning		franczyzobiorca, someone who is given or sold a franchise
sales force start learning		personel działu sprzedaży, all the employees of a company whose job is persuading customers to buy their company's products or services
consumer start learning		konsument, a person who buys goods or services for their own use
merchant start learning		handlowiec, a person whose job is to buy and sell products in large amounts, especially by trading with other countries
retailer start learning		sprzedawca detaliczny, a person, shop, or business that sells goods to the public
customer start learning		klient, a person who buys goods or a service
middlemen start learning		pośrednik, a person who buys goods from the company that has produced them and makes a profit by selling them to a shop or a user
wholesaler start learning		hurtownik, someone who buys and sells goods in large amounts to shops and businesses
authorised dealer start learning		autoryzowany diler, a company that has official permission to sell products from a particular brand
industrial start learning		przemysłowy, in or related to industry, or having a lot of industry and factories, etc
sales reps start learning		przedstawiciele handlowi, someone who travels to different places trying to persuade people to buy their company's products or services
chain start learning		łańcuch/sieć, a group of shops, restaurants, hotels, or other businesses owned by the same company
premises start learning		lokal, the land and buildings owned by someone, especially by a company or organization
vending machines start learning		automaty, a machine from which you can buy small things such as cigarettes, drinks, and sweets by putting coins into it
economies of scale start learning		ekonomia skali, the reduction of production costs that is a result of making and selling goods in large quantities, for example, the ability to buy large amounts of materials at reduced prices
commodities start learning		towar, a substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold
balance of trade start learning		bilans handlowy, the difference between the money that a country receives from exports and the money it spends on imports
quotas start learning		limit, a fixed, limited amount or number that is officially allowed
barter start learning		handel wymienny, to exchange goods for other things rather than for money
division of labour start learning		podział pracy, a way of organizing work, especially making things, so that particular types of work are done by particular people
tariffs start learning		cło, a charge or list of charges either for services or on goods entering a country
bill of lading start learning		list przewozowy, a document that shows the details of the products that are being transported by a company
efficiency start learning		wydajność, the good use of time and energy in a way that does not waste any
competitor start learning		konkurent, a person, team, or company that is competing against others
production chain start learning		łańcuch produkcyjny, all the stages of making a product, considered together
job production start learning		produkcja jednostkowa, a manufacturing process in which single products are produced for particular customers
batch production start learning		produkcja seryjna, a manufacturing process in which items or products are produced in batches (= groups)
flow production start learning		produkcja taśmowa, a manufacturing process in which finished products are made from basic materials in one continuous process without interruption
supervision start learning		nadzór, the act of watching a person or activity and making certain that everything is done correctly, safely, etc
commissioned work start learning		praca zlecona, to formally choose someone to do a special piece of work
intermittent start learning		sporadyczny, not happening regularly or continuously; stopping and starting repeatedly or with periods in between
buffer stocks start learning		bufor, a large supply of a commodity (= a crop, metal, fuel, etc.) that is bought and stored when extra is available, and sold when there is not enough, in order to control its price and quantity in the economy
deviations start learning		odchylenia, a difference from what is usual or expected
management control systems start learning		systemy kontroli zarządczej, system which gathers and uses information to evaluate the performance of different organizational resources
ongoing quality control start learning		bieżąca kontrola jakości, set of activities for ensuring quality starting from Raw material to finish Products
lead time start learning		czas realizacji, the time between the design of a product and its production, or between ordering a product and receiving it
critical path start learning		ścieżka krytyczna, the series of tasks that must be done in order and in the right amount of time in order to complete a project on time
dispatching start learning		wysyłanie, to send something, especially goods or a message, somewhere for a particular purpose
industrial park start learning		strefa przemysłowa, a special area on the edge of a town where there are a lot of factories and businesses
standardization start learning		standaryzacja, the process of making things of the same type all have the same basic features
forward scheduling start learning		planowanie do przodu, planning designed to finish a project as soon as possible, starting now and ideally finishing before a set date
process layout start learning		układ procesu, type of facility layout in which the floor plan is arranged with similar processes or machines located together
environmental impact start learning		wpływ na środowisko, the effect that the activities of people and businesses have on the environment
intermittent process start learning		proces przerywany, processes which start at an unfixed time period and end at another unfixed time period
utility start learning		pożytek, a service that is used by the public, such as an electricity or gas supply
quality circle start learning		koło jakości, a small group of workers who meet regularly to discuss methods of working in order to find ways of improving them
product layout start learning		układ produktu, production system where the work stations and equipment are located along the line of production

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