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Question		Answer
goatherd a mountain goatherd start learning		A person whose job is to look after goats. The mountain goatherd watched his goats climb the rocks.
nibble to nibble a biscuit start learning		To take many small, gentle bites of something. She nervously began to nibble a biscuit during the meeting.
run-in (with) a run-in with the police start learning		A short conflict or argument with a person or group. He had a run-in with the police after the noisy party.
foraging (for food) animals foraging for food start learning		Searching for food in the wild. We saw birds foraging for food in the park.
forest undergrowth start learning		The low plants, bushes, and small trees that grow under big trees in a forest.
caught on (to) the idea caught on start learning		To become popular or to be widely accepted. The new drink quickly caught on in the city.
sustaining (snack) a sustaining snack start learning		Food that gives you energy and keeps you going for some time. He ate a sustaining snack before his long walk.
roasting coffee bean roasting start learning		Heating food The smell of coffee bean roasting filled the small shop.
rode trade routes goods rode trade routes start learning		To travel along trade roads or sea routes used for buying and selling goods. The spice rode trade routes from Asia to Europe.
widespread (popularity) start learning		Existing in many places or among many people. The drink gained widespread popularity across the country.
brewing trouble is brewing start learning		Something (often bad) is slowly starting to develop. You could feel that trouble was brewing in the company.
in earnest to begin in earnest start learning		To start seriously and with real effort. The project began in earnest after they found funding
religious worshippers Worshippers filled the temple on the holiday. start learning		People who pray and show respect to a god or in a religion.
religious chants The monks’ chants echoed in the hall. start learning		Words or short phrases repeated many times in a rhythm, often in prayer or protests.
grinding (the beans) start learning		Crushing something into very small pieces or powder. She started the day by grinding fresh coffee beans.
a bolder flavour start learning		Stronger and more noticeable in taste. Dark chocolate has a bolder flavour than milk chocolate.
beverage Coffee is my favourite hot beverage in the morning. start learning		Any drink, especially a non-alcoholic one.
partake in (something) start learning		To take part or join in an activity. Guests were invited to partake in the traditional ceremony.
intoxicating an intoxicating smell start learning		Very exciting or pleasant, making you feel almost “drunk” with pleasure. The garden was full of an intoxicating smell of flowers.
put (something) on trial start learning		To judge something in a formal way, like in a court.
sprang up cafés sprang up start learning		o appear or grow quickly and suddenly. Many small cafés sprang up around the station.
sip (coffee, tea start learning		To drink something slowly in small amounts. She sat by the window and sipped her hot coffee.
hotbeds of debate start learning		Places where a lot of activity, ideas, or sometimes trouble, is happening. The old cafés became hotbeds of political discussion.
dissect to dissect an idea start learning		To study something very carefully by examining all its parts. In the seminar, they dissected the article line by line.
allegedly allegedly happened start learning		Used when something is claimed to be true, but not proven. The drink allegedly made people more focused.
enslaved workers start learning		Forced to work as slaves, with no freedom. Enslaved workers were used on many plantations.
fueled by (something) fueled by demand start learning		Caused or made stronger by something. Their success was fueled by strong global demand.
exploited exploited workers start learning		Treated unfairly to get as much work or benefit as possible. The workers felt exploited and asked for better pay.
showcased showcased new products start learning		Showed something in a way that makes it look good or important. The café showcased beans from small local farms.
alongside (something) served alongside cake start learning		Next to something or at the same time as something. Coffee was served alongside homemade cake.
incorporated incorporated into daily life start learning		Included something as a part of a larger whole. Coffee breaks were soon incorporated into office culture.
ramped up (production) start learning		Increased something quickly and strongly. The factory ramped up production to meet the new orders.
made inroads into new markets start learning		To begin to be successful in a new area or market. The brand has made inroads into the Asian market.
brewing methods start learning		Ways of making coffee or tea by mixing hot water with the leaves or beans. The barista explained three different brewing methods.
endure hard conditions start learning		To continue and survive through something difficult. The workers had to endure very hard conditions.
thrives thrives in warm climates start learning		Grows, develops, or is successful. This plant thrives in warm, humid air.
resilient resilient plants start learning		Able to recover quickly from problems or difficult conditions. We need resilient plants that can handle climate change.
a cherished tradition start learning		Very loved and important to someone. Drinking coffee together is a cherished morning tradition in my family.
problems that loom over us start learning		To appear as a big, worrying threat in the future. Climate problems loom over the coffee industry.

History of Coffee

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