Czasowniki = Verbs

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żałować (zrobienia czegoś)/z przykrością (oficjalne wyrażenie żalu lub smutku)/czuć smutek, ubolewać nad czymś
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to regret
I regret my decision. / He said he regrets nothing. / I regretted eating thewhole cake. / I regret to inform you that I am unable to accept your proposal. / We regret that such a meeting has not yet taken place.
rozstrzygać/ustalać, decydować/osadzać się (kurz, szron)/uregulować, rozliczać/załatwić
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to settle
I will let the judge settle this argument. / We have to settle the time limit for the competitors. / Dust settled on the books. / I have to settle my phone bill. / I have to settle this once and for all
swędzieć, świerzbić
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to itch
Itch - swędzenie / Instantly the burning itch was gone.
My ankles itch so much they are driving me insane. - tak mnie swędzą, że doprowadzają mnie do szaleństwa
zanieczyścić, skazić
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contaminate
contamination - zanieczyszczenie, skażenie
Chemicals can contaminate the soil. / We must be careful not to contaminate the environment.
pojawić się, występować, wydarzać się, zdarzać się/
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to occur
The robbery occurred at night we were not at home. / Serious problems like this occur very rarely. / Changes that we didn't expect occurred. / This element occurs naturally in many types of rock.
sugerować, podpowiadać (rozmówcy, aktorowi)/naciskać/powodować, skłaniać, doprowadzać (do czegoś)
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to prompt
Parents usually prompt their children to say thank you. / Can you say a little more? She prompt. / What prompted you to say that? / His affair prompted scandal in the neighbourhood.
mieć wpływ na, oddziaływać na/wzruszać, poruszać (kogoś)/udawać/atakować (o chorobie)
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to affect
The Sun can strongly affect your plants. / I don't affect him, he does what he wants. / The novel affected me. / She affected a disease to avoid school. / The illness affected his sight.
sprawować władzę, rządzić/postanowić, orzekać/wymiatać, rządzić
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to rule
Whe wanted to rule the world. / He ruled long as a wise king. / What has the judge ruled? / Dude, you rule!
oskarżać, zarzucać (posiadając dowody)/obwiniać
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to accuse
accusation - oskarżenie, zarzut / You will not achive anything throwing around baseless accusations.
Residents of our city are occusing the police of brutality. / He was accused of stealing two thousand dollars from the store. / She accuses me of her own failures.
zarzucać, pomawiać, twierdzić (bez dowodów lub gdy dowody nie zostały jeszcze udowodnione)
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to allege
allegation - bezpodstawne twierdzenie, insynuacja, zarzut, oskarżenie / A lot of allegations have been made against this report.
They allege that the company deliberately polluted the river. / It is alleged that the suspect fled the country shortly after the accident.
cytować/powoływać się (na coś)/przytaczać/
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to quote
quotation, quote - cytat / It was only a quotation, said Jack. / What is your favourite quote from this book?
I quoted Shakespeare in this essay. / I was quoted in a local newspaper. / While arguing with me he quoted my own words. / I would like to quote the words my father said to me.
nadzorować, pilnować, kierować
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to supervise
The teacher supervised three classes during the lunch break. / Ask Peter. He is supervising our project.
wymagać, wiązać się z (wysiłkiem, niebezpieczeństwem)/obejmować, dotyczyć, angażować
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to involve
Every military mission involes danger. / This expedition involves a great risk. / The financial reform involves only the rich. / My new job involves more responsibility than the old one.
wskazywać, oznaczać, znamionować/zasygnalizować coś, pokazać
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to indicate
Her test results indicated that she needs to lose weight. / A red sky in the morning indicates windy weather. / Her face indicated that she was mad. / She indicated a woman in a red dress. / He smiled to indicate he was listening to me.
przyznawać, zgadzać się (z czymś)/przyznać się (do zrobienia czegoś złego)/dopuszczać, przyjmować (kogoś do organizacji, szpitala)
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to admit
You must admit he is a strange person. / Her son admitted to painting the wall with crayons. / They admitted him to a secret society. / We admitted her yesterday and sent her to surgery.
przekroczyć, przewyższyć (limit, granicę)
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to exceed
The weight of the letter should not exceed 500 grams. / I am totally convinced that Europe will exceed our expectations. / You exceeded the speed limit. / Don't exceed the time limit or I will have to fail you.
przyciągać (ludzi, zainteresowanie, metalowy obiekt, magnes)/pociągać (pod względem seksualnym)
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to attract
The advertisement attracted me to this film. / They say that opposites attract. / The magnet attracts the metal bolts.
zbierać się, gromadzić/zbierać (informacje)/wnioskować, pojmować, rozumieć
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to gather
Let's go back, the storm clouds are gathering.
We've gathered here to celebrate together their wedding anniversary. / Why have we gathered here? / Gather all the necessary information and bring it to me. / I gather, you are not interested in flying to New York.
uratować, ocalić/oswobodzić
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to rescue
rescue - ratunek (pomoc w niebezpieczeństwie) / The rescue operation was unsuccessful.
They rescued three people from the burning house. / It was late to rescue her. / We have to rescue the captives! / He's a hero - he rescued all the prisoners.
odzyskać (coś od kogoś), odbierać (bagaż),
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to reclaim
You can reclaim the tax at the airport. / After his release from prison, he tried to reclaim his old life. / baggage reclaim (GB)
przekonać (kogoś, że coś jest prawdą lub sprawić, że to co mówimy jest prawdą)/namówić (kogoś do zrobienia czegoś)
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to convince
Your explanation didn't convince me. / Do you really think that this poor excuse will convince me? / She convinced me to go on a vegetarian diet. / He convinced me to go with him to the party. / I am convinced that I am right.
opierać się/stawiać opór, sprzeciwiać się/stawiać opór, odpierać (atak)
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to resist
You have to resist those cakes and sweets. / Don't resist your mother! / I resisted the reform, I have my own opinions. / The are planning to attack us tonight but we have to resist.
zaprzeczać (zarzutom), wypierać się (czegoś), dementować, negować/odmawiać (wstępu), odrzucać (petycję, apelajcę), wzbraniać (komuś, czegoś)
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to deny
Access denied - odmowa dostępu
They had evidence that she killed him, so she couldn't deny it. / She denied being involved in the tax fraud. / They denied access to the computer files. / I was denied entrance to the library. - odmówiono mi wejścia, wstępu
winić, obwiniać, potępić
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to blame
blame - wina, odpowiedzialność / He took all blame.
I couldn't blame them. / Don't blame yourself. / We both messed up, but she blamed only me. - obaj narobiliśmy bałaganu
wyrażać
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to express
Don't be afraid to express your views. / I would like to express thanks to my mother for her support. / I can't find the words to express my feelings./ The research results are expressed as a percentage. / Should these values be expressed as centimeters?
uszczypnąć/uciskać, uwierać, cisnąć
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to pinch
Somebody pinched his arm. / Those shoes are pinching my feet.
przełożyć, odroczyć, odłożyć, przesunąć
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to postpone
I would like to postpone my appointment. / We will have to postpone this discussion. / The meeting was postponed until next week.
żuć, przeżuwać/gryźć, zagryzać, przegryzać (wargi)
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to chew
chew - gryzienie/guma rozpuszczalna, cukierek do żucia, tytoń do żucia / The chew of toys has helped my son when he was teething - kiedy ząbkował / Do you have a chew?
He was chewing bubble gum. / Stop chewing your lips. / The dog was chewing the bone.
przeszkadzać, przerywać/zasłaniać
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to interrupt
Please don't interrupt me. / We have interrupted him at his dinner. / This tree interrupts the view of the sea. / The skyline is interrupted by the buildings. - linia horyzontu
czołgać się/pełzać/raczkować/wlec się
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to crawl
crawl - żółwie tempoz czołganie się / We missed the show because of his crawl. / I heard your crawl, you have to work on being more silent
The soldiers were crawling in mud. / The caterpillar is crawling on a leaf. / Her son started to crawl. / The car in front of us is crawling and we can't overtake it.
głodować, umierać z głodu
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to starve
starvation - głód, śmierć głodowa / After four days they were close to starvation.
They starved the prisoners to death. / I'm starving, all I have had today is a slice of bread.
zawracać głowę, dręczyć/powodować ból, dokuczać
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to bother
I told you already, stop bothering me! / My son was bothering me all morning, I am so tired. / My broken leg is bothering me. / My knee bothers me.
upamiętnić, uczcić pamięć, obchodzić (uroczystość pamiątkową)
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to commemorate
A special ceremony took place to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the battle. / The city decided to rise a monument to commemorate the fallen heroes.
błąkać się, wałęsać się, włóczyć się
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to roam
roam - wędrówka / His roam took him all night. / How was your roam around the city.
Why do you roam the streets? / Her eyes roamed through the room.
nękać, dręczyć, napastować, molestować, szykanować (praca, relacje międzyludzkie)
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to harass
harassment - nękanie, molestowanie
Stop harassing me! / He kept harassing her with phone calls. / She left the company because her boss started to harass her. / The government was accused of harassing political activists.
uklęknąć, klęczeć
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to kneel
She knelt and smelled the flower. / The knight knelt before the king.
prześladować, zadręczać, gnębić (kontekst polityczny, religijny, ideologiczny) (opiera się na tożsamości, jesteś inny niż my, musimy Cię wykluczyć/ukarać)
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to persecute
persecution - prześladowanie, napastowanie. / It is important that we protect all religious communities from persecution.
There were forced to flee because the regime continued to persecute them. / Throughout history, various groups have been persecuted for their religious beliefs. / He said he felt persecuted by the constant critism from his colleagues.
warzyć (piwo), sparzyć, parzyć (kawę, herbatę), uknuć (plan, doprowadzić do skandalu), przyrządzić (napar, miksturę)
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to brew
brew - piwo, browar/herbata, esencja/napar, wywar/mikstura/mieszanka (stylów) / I drank 4 brews. / This brew is very strong. / This brew of herbs cured me. / I had to drink a disgusting brew. / Her brew of styles is surprising.
They brew beer in a brewery. / I have a recipe how to brew beer. / I brew a delicious coffee. / They brew a plan together. / These photos brewed the scandal. / My grandma brews good infusions. The witch brewed an awful mixture.
nagradzać, przyznawać nagrodę, wręczać komuś/zasądzać, przyznawać (pieniądze dla kogoś, punkty w grze, rzut karny)
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to award
award - nagroda (rzecz lub pieniądze), zasądzenie (zasądzona kwota pieniędzy), arbitraż / The awards ceremony is on February 20.
He was awarded two Oscars. / The court awarded me 300$ of reparation. / I hope they will award money to those children. / The team was awarded a penalty kick. / The judge didn't award us a point.
rozszczepiać, wyodrębnić, rozdzielać, rozłupywać
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to cleave
The axe cleft the stump in two.
pościć
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to fast
fast - post / The fast began last week and will last for a few more days. / Are you taking part in the fast?
She fasts from time to time. / We fast on Fridays.
ryzykować (coś), narażać
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to hazard
hazard - niebezpieczeństwo, zagrożenie, ryzyko - The most serious hazard in space is radiation.
Never hazard your health for profit. / The troops were forced to hazard a crossing of the river under heavy fire. / I don't know, but I will hazard an opinion: this is the wrong road.
zorganizować, planować, załatwiać/poukładać, układać, aranżować, porządkować/zaaranżować (utwór muzyczny)
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to arrange
Let's arrange a business meeting with him. / We have to arrange the date of this conference. / It was an interior designer who arranged our flat. / He was hired to arrange her composition.
pocieszać, podnieść na duchu/wspierać, dodawać otuchy
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to comfort
comfort - dobre samopoczucie/komfort, wygoda/pociecha, otucha - You have to give students a certain level of comfort. / Our new car allows us to travel in style and in comfort.
I called to comfort her because she was very sad. / I tried to comfort the sad little girl. / He's very stressed before the exam, we have to comfort him. / My relatives always comfort me.
łączyć, mieszać
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to combine
combine, combine harvester - kombajn
Combine flour, milk and butter in a bowl. / Combine all the ingredients in one glass. / We have to combine out effort to do that. / This genre combines elements of horror and comedy.
oceniać, poddawać ocenie, oszacowywać, określać (wartość czegoś), oceniać (prace uczniów), nakładać podatek
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to assess
assessment - ocena, oszacowanie/wycena - Her assessment of the situation is far from objective. / We also need to discuss risk assessment. / I need an assessment of my car. / Did you prepare the assessment of my house?
Can you assess the value of this ring? / I can't assess how many people came to the concert. / My fiancee has already assessed the costs of our wedding. / I need to assess these homeworks by tomorrow. / Our government wants to assess those who are rich.
prowadzić, przeprowadzać (wywiad, eksperyment), dyrygować, przewodzić (ciepło), kierować, zaprowadzać
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to conduct
conduct - zachowanie/prowadzenie - We don't approve of such conduct at our house. / I'm not happy with the conduct of our last meeting.
It's not safe to conduct this experiment outside laboratory conditions. / He conducts the academic choir. / Metals conduct electricity. / Does wood conduct heat? / Can you conduct our guests to their bedrooms?
Zawierać, wliczać, włączać/ujmować, obejmować (pozwalać komuś być częścią czegoś)
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to include
Everyone was disappointed, myself included. / The price includes shipping costs. / You weren't included in the invitation.
usprawniać proces, poprawiać wydajność zwiększać efektywność
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streamline
This tool helped them to streamline the process of assessing risk.
rozlać, rozlewać/wylewać się/rozsypać/
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to spill
spill - wyciek/gleba, upadek, rozlana ciesz - This oil spill has had a major impact on the economy till now. / That spill made him lose a tooth. / You have to wipe up a spill immediately or else the wood will get damaged.
I spilt tea all over myself. / There is no need to cry over spilt milk. / Some guy spilled my drink. / Old ladies spilled out of the bus. / I have spilled the flour on the table. / Be careful with the sugar, don't spill it.
utrzymywać coś, konserwować, podtrzymywać/utrzymywać (finansowo)/twierdzić, mówić
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to maintain
maintenance - konserwacja, utrzymanie
You must maintain a steady temperature to bake this cake properly. / I can't maintain you forever. / She maintains that she didn't even touch that chocolate.
osadzić, zamieścić/wstawić/wbudować (w system komputerowy)
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to embed
You can embed a Youtube video directly onto your blog. / The engineer decided to embed the sensor in the concrete wall.
przestawić, zmienić układ (czegoś), uporządkować na nowo (coś)/zmieniać, przekładać (czas spotkania, zebranie)
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to rearrange
When the summer starts, they rearrange the train shedule. / The match has been rearranged for next Saturday.
popierać kogoś/lansować, reklamować/zatwierdzać (dokument, fakturę)
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to endorse
I fully endorse everything the chairperson has said. / The president endorsed this candidate. / That famous blogger is endorsing Coca-Cola. / The proposals weren't endorsed by the manager.
udawać
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to pretend
I pretended not to understand her. / Susan pretended to be asleep. / Don't pretend you have not noticed.
wydawać (oświadczenie, rozkaz, pozwolenie, dokumenty)/emitować, wypuszczać (akcje)
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to issue
The school issued a statement to the local press. / The office will be issuing the permits on Tuesday mornings. / The authorities will soon issue a new registration form. / A company issued new stock.
zwężać (oczy)/zwężać się, zacieśniać się/zmniejszać się
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to narrow
I narrowed my eyes when I heard his words. / Be careful and stay close to me, the path is narrowing. / We need to narrow the gap between the classes.
przypominać, być podobnym do czegoś
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resemble
She resembles her mother. / These mountains resemble The Rocky Mountains
rozmieścić, rozlokować (siły zbrojne, odsziały)/wdrożyć, zastosować (informatyka, komputery)
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deploy
Poland is ready to deploy on its territory US troops.
wyprzedzić (osobę, samochód)/przewyższyć, wyprzedzić (sprzedaż, rozwój)/ogarnać, ogarniać
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overtake
The car sped up and quickly overtook him, blocking his way. / Whe should overtake them within the next two miles. / Renewable energy may overtake coal as the main power source. / When I entered the house, fear overtook me.
unieważnić, anulować, uchylać, znosić (często w kontekście prawnym)
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to annul
The court decided to annul the marriage due to fraud. / The government plans to annul the controversial decree passed last year.
unieważniać, anulować (często w kontekście prawnym, handlowym lub dot. formalnych dokumentów
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to void
Any attempt to alter the ticket will void the warranty. / This action will void whole agreement. / The judge can void the contract if illegal activity is proven.
przeciwstawiać się prawu, ignorować nakazy, postępować wbrew
More and more students are defying their teachers and school rules.
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to defy
dusić, dławić (kogoś)/tłumić (protest), hamować (rozwój)
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to strangle
The attacker tried to strangle his victim. / The excessive bureaucracy threatens to strangle innovation. / She managed to strangle a scream and remain silent.
oznaczać, zakładać/sugerować, dawać do zrozumienia/mieścić, kryć się, zawierać
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to imply
You always imply stupid things. / Are you implying that I'm stupid? / His answer implies a joke. / This sentence implies a riddle. - zagadkę
składać się
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to consist
The committee consists of ten members. / The mixture consists of flour, sugar and butter. / The book consists of five main chapters.
przekazywac (rozkaz, wiadomość, podziękowania)/oddawać, przekazywać (emocje, treść)/ przewozić, dostarczać/doprowadzać (energię)
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to convey
Can you convey the message to the boss? / The song conveys my every feeling. / He conveyed the furniture to my house. / The wires in your garden convey electricity.
pochylać się, odchylać, przechylać/chylić się (na wietrze)
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to lean
He leaned towards her. / She leaned towards Jack and said something to him. / The trees leaned in the wind. / I was looking at plants which were leaning in the wind.
pocierać/trzeć, nacierać/wcierać
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to rub
rub - tarcie, pocieranie - A rub of any two objects produces a sound.
Jack yawned and rubbed his eyes. / She rubbed her nose on my chest. / You should rub your leg with this lotion. / Rub this ointment into your skin. / Can you rub this intonmy back?
zachęcać, mobilizować, przekonywać/dodawać otuchy, wspierać/pobudzać, sprzyjać (złemu zachowaniu
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to encourage
My friends are encouraging me to take part in the competition. / The traffic encouraged many people to use trains. / My role was to support and encourage him. / Lack of control encourages bad behaviour. / Ithink these games encourage violence.
kapać (woda, krew, olej)/ociekać (krwią)
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to drip
The tap in the bathroom is dripping.
wchłaniać/pochłaniać, chłonąć/przyswajać/wsysać
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to absorb
The sponge absorbed all the water. / How much more cake can you absorb? / It's pretty easy for me to absorb knowledge. / I quickly absorbed all the information. / The vacuum cleaner absorbed my earrings
zaproponować/zamierzać/oświadczyć się/wznosić (toast)
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to propose
proposal - propozycja, oferta/oświadczyny/wniosek - What do you think about his proposal? / She accepted his proposal. / My proposal got ejected.
What do you propose to do? / I propose visit him next week. / He got down on his knees and proposed to her. / He proposed a toast to all the ladies in the room.
zdradzić (przyjaciela, żonę, kraj, naród)/ujawnić, dać poznać (emocje, wzruszenie)
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to betray
betrayal - zdrada - He may look at that as an act of betrayal. / I voted against this betrayal of the general interest and democracy.
They got divorced because Tom had betrayed Jane. / Without realizing what he was doing, he betrayed the secret plan. / His strange motions betrayed his nervousness. / The child's eyes betrayed his fear of the dog.
zapiąć (pasy), zamknąć (torebkę na zamek)/zamknąć, zabezpieczyć przez zamknięcie (okno)
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to fasten
Fasten your seatbelts, please.
zdać sobie sprawę, uświadomić sobie/realizować, wykonywać/uzyskać, osiągać
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to realize
She realized her dreams of becoming a vet. / He realized a lot of money working at the company.
popełnić, dopuszczać się/przeznaczyć/skierować do komisji
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to commit
They will arrest you if you commit a crime. / I committed a lot of money and time to raising my children. / This proposal has been committed twice.
podnieść/podwyższać/zbierać/poruszać temat/unosić/wychowywać/hodować, uprawiać
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to raise
He raised his feet off the floor. / Raise a toast. / We want to raise the standard of our hotel. / We are raising money. / Do not raise this topic. / She raised her eyebrows. / She raised her children well. / He raised cattle on his farm.
domagać się, żądać/twierdzić/rościć sobie prawo/pochłaniać, powodować śmierć/przyciągać uwagę/zdobyć tytuł, nagrodę
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to claim
Nobody claimed the money. / My ex-wife claims our house and car. / The war claimed millions of lives. / My article claimed a lot of attention. / He claimed the championship second time in a row.
pośliznąć się/wślizgnąć się, wejść niepostrzeżenie/wtrącić komentarz, uwagę
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to slip
He slipped on a banan peel. / He slipped into a room. / Can I slip a suggestion?
przechowywać, magazynować, składać
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to store
We store our merchandise in a safe place. / Store in a cool place.
kierować, zarządzać/radzić sobie/zdołać, dawać radę/uporać się/gospodarować
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to manage
I manage a team of people. / How do you manage in the big city? / She managed to catch a taxi. / I'm sorry, but I don't know how to manage this task. / Manage your time well and you will be happy.
przedstawiać, obrazować/opisywać
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to depict
The painting depicts Saint Joseph. / Her favourite painting depicts Ophelia. / He vividly depicted the whole event.
naśladować, imitować, odwzorowywać, kopiować
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to imitate
They imitated an American accent very well. / Fans often imitate their idol's style. / She imitated animal sounds.
zachować, chronić/zachowanie, utrzymanie, konserwacja
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to preserve/preservation
Chronić tradycję lub zagrożone gatunki zwierząt / Konserwować żywność / Zachować charakter miasta - We have to preserve our history and traditions. / We want to preserve the character of our town. / We should preserve endangered species of animals.
chwalić, wychwalać (coś lub kogoś)/błogosławić, chwalić (Boga)
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to praise
praise - pochwała, pochwały/chwała - The praise I got from my teacher has helped me. / His praise surprised me, but it was very nice. / I will go to church and give praise to the Lord.
He has been praised many times for his excellent grades. / She was praised for being an outstanding publicist. / She praised her children for good behaviour. / She praises God for giving her two children.
zanurzyć się, pogrążać, wciągać (fizycznie, lub metaforycznie)
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to immerse
After the tragedy, he immersed himself in work to avoid thinking.
Students learn best when they are fully immersed in the language. / She decided to immerse herself completely in the study of ancient history. / Before cooling, you must immerse the hot metal in water.
zajmować się, wykonywać/radzić sobie (z jakąś sytuacją, osobą, w trudnej sytuacji)/prowadzić, kierować/przenosić, przewozić (towary, zapasy)
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to handle
She's handling the whole HR department. / I know how to handle difficult situations. / I can't handle my son, can you help me? / He is dead but I will handle it. / I can't talk right now, I' handling the car. / Can you handle these boxes to my new house?
ściskać/wyciskać (np. cytrynę)
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to squeeze
He squeezed her hands. / Could you squeeze this lemon?
miażdżyć, kruszyć/zgnieść, wycisnąć
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to crush
The car was crushed by a tree. / Crush the garlic and add it to the sauce.
zgnieść, pognieść (np. kartkę papieru), marszczyć (fizycznie)
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to crumple
He deliberately crumpled the letter before throwing it in the bin. / If you leave that plastic bottle in the sun, it will start to crumple - zacznie się marszczyć/deformować
zginać/składać, złożyć (np. ubrania, mapę, krzesło, łóżko)
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to fold
She folded the receipt in half. / Fold your clothes, please. / If you fold these chairs, we will have more space.
pękać/rozłupać, strzaskać/trzeszczeć/załamać się psychicznie
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to crack
I fell and cracked a bone in my arm. / Squireels can easily crack nuts. / Stop cracking this plastic bottle. / She cracked after her husband's death.
rozciągać się/rozciągnąć, wyciągnąć/rozszerzać, powiększać zakres
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to stretch
Always stretch before you start exercising. / I felt uncomfortable because I couldn't stretch my legs. / I'm stretching the range of my knowledge every day.
szczotkować, czyścić/ strzepywać, zmiatać
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to brush
He is brushing his teeth. / Could you brush my suit? / She brushed the crumbs off the table.
wycierać, ścierać, przecierać
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to wipe
Could you wipe the table? / She stopped crying and wiped her eyes. / I wiped the dishes. / Wash the plates and wipe them.
zgnieść, zgniatać
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to squash
I have stood on my glasses and squashed them. / This hat is squashing my hair.
chrapać
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to snore
Was I snoring? / She snores very loudly.
ziewać
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to yawn
The man yawned and lit a cigarette.
brać udział, być obecny, uczestniczyć/uczęszczać
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to attend
attendance - frekwencja - I noted her attendance at Comission meetings is very low.
Did you attend the lecture yesterday? / How many people attended the meeting? / I was invited to attend a very interesting conference in Rome. / He doesn't attend school regularly. / I attend church every Sunday
uczestniczyć (aktywnie), brać udział
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to participate
participant - uczestnik / Did you participate in the competition? / He participated in my lecture so he passed the exam really well.
cierpieć, doświadczać/znosić, tolerować/borykac się
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to suffer
He often suffers from headaches. / Many companies suffered financially during the last economic crisis. / Mike suffered a lot in his old job. / They suffer from dry, cracked skin on their feet.
pozwalać, zezwalać/pozwalać, umożliwić
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to permit
permit - pozwolenie, przepustka, zezwolenie (konkretny dokument) - We need to have a permit to work here.
I will just copy that, if you permit me. / He is not permitted to watch TV after 10pm. / You should permit him to do what he loves. / We will not permit you to go to the party.
mrugać/mrugnąć (szybko zapalać się i gasnąć)
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to blink
Blink twice if you feel you are in danger/ The red light was blinking on my laptop.
wpływać na coś, mieć wpływ na coś, oddziaływać na coś
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to impact
Poor nutrition will negatively impact your health. / Facebook impacts the whole world.
dedykować/przeznaczyć, ofiarować (pieniądze)/otwierać uroczyście
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to dedicate
She dedicated her book to her father. / I dedicated this song to my girlfriend. / I will dedicate half the money to cancer treatment research. / They dedicated that new hospital last week.
oświadczyć, oznajmić, ogłaszać/wygłosić (co się myśli)/wypowiadać (wojnę)/wykazywać (dochody)
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to declare
This country declared independence in 2002. / She declared her opinion and everyone was shocked. / GB declared war on Germany in 1939. / I declared my income to get a loan.
zmagać się, borykać się/szarpać się/użerać się
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to struggle
They struggled with poverty for years. / She has to struggle with her illness alone because she has no family. / The thief struggled with the police officer. / I struggled with Tom but he was stronger than me.
szeptać
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to whisper
whisper - szept, plotka - It was no louder than a whisper. / I heard whispers that Jack and Kate broke up.
He whispered some words into her ear. / "Come with me", Tom whispered.
plotkować
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to gossip
gossip - plotka, plotkarz - Tell me all the latest gossip. / She spreads gossip about my husband. / My best friend is a terrible gossip.
She loves to gossip. / She often gossips about Annie behind her back. /
kłócić się, sprzeczać/uzasadnić, argumentować, twierdzić/dowodzić czegoś, utrzymywać
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to argue
argument - kłótnia - They have just had another argument.
argument - kłótnia / They argue all the time. / How can you argue your proposition? / This scientist argues that the theory of evolution is false.
przeklinać/przysięgać/zaprzysięgać
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to swear
Stop swearing! There are children around us. / People swear when they are nervous or angry. / I swear that's the truth! / He swore he wouldn't tell anyone. / We have to swear a witness.
być świadkiem (przestępstwa, ataku, zmian)/ doświadczać/poświadczyć/dawać świadectwo wiary
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to witness
Yesterday I witnessed a car accident. /We witnessed a great development od technology over the last 10 years. / Have you witnessed the financial crisis? / She witnessed our credibility and let us in. / I witness my faith by going to church
ostrzegać, upominać, uprzedzać
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to warn
warning - ostrzeżenie, przestroga, upomnienie - This is my last warning. Next time you're going to write a test. / He started to shoot without warning.
warning - ostrzeżenie, przestroga, upomnienie / I warn you, it will hurt. / You should warn him that the trip will be dangerous.
krzyczeć, wrzeszczeć (wydawać hałaśliwy dźwięk)/wyć
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to scream
scream - krzyk, wrzask/wycie, huk (samolotu) - The scream of the plane woke up our son.
She screamed at the sight of the spider. / The police siren screamed so loud that it woke me up.
krzyczeć(mówić bardzo głośno)/postawić kolejkę
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to shout
shout - krzyk, okrzyk/tura, kolej (na kupienie drinka) - I have heard a loud shout. / It's your shout now, I've bought the last one.
He was shouting at her. / Why are you shouting. / She shouted another round. / I've heard a loud shout.
spadać (ceny), obniżać (produkcję), zmniejszać się (zainteresowanie)/odmawiać, odrzucać (prośbę, ofertę)/zanikać (mięśnie), ubywać (sił), podupadać (zdrowie)/chylić się ku końcowi/obniżać się (teren)
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to decline
The salesman income has rapidly declined. / People's interest in the artist's music declined. / The Prime Minister declined to answer about his life. / His muscles tottaly declined. / After the tape scandal the government was declining. /
określać, ustalać (fakty, przyczyny)/determinować, wyznaczać, rozstrzygać
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to determine
We haven't determined this yet. / The lie-detector will determine if he's telling the truth. / We are unable to determine his position. / Don't let that fail determine the rest of your life. / We have determined the date of our wedding.
uzyskiwać, otrzymywać (pozwolenie)
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to obtain
We have obtained what we wanted. / How can I obtain permission to use copyrighted material?
przejść na emeryturę/opuszczać, odchodzić/wycofywać się
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to retire
There are so many things I plan to do when I retire. / He retired from Formula 1 after a serious accident. / The army retired to the forest.
zatrzymywać (gdzieś tymczasowo), trzymać (w areszcie)/opóźniać, zatrzymywać kogoś
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to detain
He has been detained by security because of his suspicious behaviour at the airport. / He was detained by a snow storm.
odnosić się do czegoś, nawiązywać do czegoś/kierować kogoś do czegoś, odsyłać gdzieś
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to refer
The new policy only refers to employees hired after January 1st. / When I said "the expert" I was referring to Ms. Smith. / My doctor decided to refer me to a specialist. / I will refer you to a blood test.
rozpoznawać (coś, kogoś)/uznawać, rozpoznawać ważność czegoś (w świetle prawa)/docenić, uznawać (wysiłek, osiągnięcia)
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to recognize
She didn't recognize any of the names. / I only hoped she would recognise me. / The court recognized our right to protest. / I recognize your effort. / Don't worry, your achievements will be recognised.
uciekać, umykać
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to flee
It will be hard for them to flee this time. / People flee from war.
wykluczać, pomijać/nie obejmować/wykluczać, wyłączać, zawieszać (ucznia)/zamykać dostęp (do słońca, tlenu)
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to exclude
He excluded me from the trip. / The price exludes accommodation. / John was excluded because of his bad behaviour. / They excluded the sunlight in this room by planting that big tree.
przechylać (szklankę), przekrzywiać (głowę)/przychylić się (do czegoś), skłaniać się (do czegoś)/atakować lancą
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to tilt
tilt - nachylenie, przechylenie (szklanki), przekrzywienie (głowy)/przychylanie się/atak słowny, napad (ostra krytyka) - His speech resulted in an unexpected tilt from press.
Tilt your head a bit to the left. / She wanted him to tilt to her cause. / He tilted his opponent, knocking him off the horse.
składać apelację, apelować, odwoływać się, składać odwołanie/zwracać się, uciekać się (do kogoś w jakimś celu)/ oddziaływać na coś, wpływać
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to appeal
The businessman found the decision unjust and appealed to the Supreme Court. / He appealed to a higher court instance. / I appeal to your conscience to stop beating her! / They banned beer advertisement, because they might wrongly appeal to teenagers.
zmieniać, modyfikować/przerabiać (ubranie)/kastrować, sterylizować (zwierzę)
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to alter
Why would you want to alter your appearance? / One of the pictures has been altered. / He altered his lifestyle when he found out he was sick. / I altered my dress.
spowodować, wywołać
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to cause
The heavy rain caused a flood. / The fever was caused by a virus.
nosić, dźwigać/przewozić/doprowadzać, odprowadzać/przenosić, nieść z sobą (nurt wody, wiatr, torębkę, pieniądze, zagrożenie, ryzyko), być odpowiedzialnym
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to carry
Flu carries a lot of potential complications. / I carry for this whole company.
Many police officers carry guns. / This bus can carry a hundred passengers. / The sewage is carried out of the city through pipes. / The river carried the boat to the sea. / She always carries her bag with herself.
schylać się, schylać/zginać/zakręcać, wić się
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to bend
bend - zakręt, łuk/zgięcie/skłon - Watch out, there is a sharp bend ahead of us. / I have a bruise in the bend of my elbow. / I couldn't even make a bend after all these exercises.
Can you bend and pick up the trash? / She bent her head and looked at her feet. / The grass bends in the wind. / If you can't bend your arm it means it's broken. / The road was dangerously bending.
zakazywać, zabraniać/uniemożliwiać
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to prohibit
prohibition - zakaz - The president proclaimed the prohibition of trading at weekends.
The state may not prohibit relationships because of religion or sexual orientation. / Asthma prohibited me from being a teacher.
ogłaszać, obwieszczać, oznajmiać/świadczyć o (czymś)
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to proclaim
They proclaimed their independence many years ago. / He was proclaimed a king. / This piece of evidence proclaims that he's innocent. / He's guilty and his actions proclaim that.
stać/znieść, wytrzymać (coś)/postawić, ustawić/być usytuowanym, umiejscowionym/tolerować, akceptować/mieć wysokość/obowiązywać/osiągac poziom
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to stand
The water in the river stood the emergency level.
Stand still for a moment. / I can't stand you! / She stood the vase on the table. / The hotel stands ona hill. / I barely stand this person in my house. / The building stands 200m. / The law stands for everybody.
zapobiegać, uniemożliwiać
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to prevent
Taking vitamins prevents various diseases. / We have prevented a big disaster. / They couldn't do anything to prevent the problem.
śmierdzieć, cuchnąć/być beznadziejnym, być do dupy
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to stink
Your feet stink! / Something must have died behing the wall, it has stunk for days. / I'm sorry but this movie stinks.

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