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Question		Answer
internetworking start learning		interconnecting different types of networks to build a larger, global network
IP start learning		Internet Protocol, invented to deal with interconnection of disparate networks
switches start learning		devices that interconnect links of the same type
bridges start learning		switches interconnecting Ethernet segments
gateways/routers start learning		interconnect disparate networks and links
approaches for routing start learning		Datagram, Virtual circuit, Source routing approach
Datagram/Connectionless approach start learning		include in very packet just enough information to enable any switch to decide how to get it to its destination
Virtual Circuit/Connection-oriented approach start learning		setting up a virtual connection from the source host to the destination host before any data is sent
Source routing approach start learning		all the information about network topology that is required to switch a packet across the network is provided by the source host
Forwarding/Routing table start learning		switch consults with such table to decide how to forward a packet (what path should it choose)
Learning bridge start learning		does not forward all frames it receives. It builds a MAC address table to intelligently forward data only to the destination port by learning which device is connected to which port
Spanning Tree Algorithm start learning		subset of the actual network topology that has no loops and that reaches all the devices in the network, solves problem with loops
Boradcast start learning		switch forwards a frame with a destination broadcast address out on each active port (except the one on which the frame was received)
Multicast start learning		each host decide for itself whether or not to accept the incoming message
VLAN start learning		Virtual LANs, allow a single extended LAN to be partitioned into several seemingly separate LANs
Network & Internetwork start learning		Network was understanded as either a directly connected or a switched network. Internetwork is interconnected collection of such networks
Service Model start learning		defines the framework for how network layers or providers offer functions to users
forwarding start learning		receiving a packet, looking up its destination address in a table and sending the packet in a direction determined by that table
rotuing start learning		process by which forwarding tables are built
periodic update start learning		node automatically sends an update message to its neighbour nodes so that the other nodes know that this node is still running
triggered update start learning		whenever a node notices a link failure or receives an update from one of its neighbors that causes it to change one of the routes in its routing table, it forward this update to its neighbours
distance vector start learning		node constructs a one-dimensional array containing the ‘distances’ to all other nodes in the network and share that vector with its neighbors
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) start learning		routers 'learn’ how to forward packets to various networks
Link State start learning		each node knows how to reach its directly connected neighbors and if we make sure that all of this knowledge is shared to every node then every node will have complete map of network
Reliable Flooding start learning		node send its link-state information out on all of its directly connected links
Software Defined Networks (SDN) start learning		separates the control plane (decision-making) from the data plane (actual forwarding of packets), software-based controller decides about that

Computer Networks 3

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