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Web application, video/audio streaming, real-time video/audio streaming
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Point-to-point link, Multiple-access link
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Circuit switching network, Packet switching network
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Circuit switching network start learning
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establishes a dedicated circuit across a sequence of links and then allows the source node to send a stream of bits
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send discrete blocks of data to each other. A block of data is called packet/message. Switched networks typically use a strategy called store-and-forward
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node responsible for storing and forwarding packets
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switch that is connected to two or more networks
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process of determining, by the switch, how to forward the message to its destination
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sharing of a system resource among multiple users
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Synchronous time-division multiplexing, divide time into equal parts and allow each data flow to be sent over during this period
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frequency division multiplexing, transmit each data flow over the link at a different frequency
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data frames are forwarded to the nodes based on their request
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connects one process to another, allows for communication between processes
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ensures that every message sent by one side is received by the other side and that only one copy of each message is delivered
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support: one-way and two-way traffic. The message stream channel doesn't have to guarantee that all messages are delivered, however, it needs to ensure that those messages arrive in the same order in which they were sent
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Physical, Data, Network, Transmission, Session, Presentation, Appliaction layers
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handlers the transmission of raw bits over a communication channel
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collects a stream of bits into a larger aggregate called a frame
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handles routing among nodes within a packet-switched network
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implements a process-to-process channel of communication
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provides name space that is used to tie together the transport streams
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decide on format of data exchanged between peers
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include HTTP enabling web browsers to request pages from web servers
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communication service used to exchange messages. Protocol must have service and peer interface
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Application Programming Interface- interface provided by the OS allowing for executing protocols
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point where a local application process attaches to the network
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ratio of bits per second that can be transmitted on the link
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describe how long does it takes a message to travel from one end of network to the other one
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Delay X Bandwidth product start learning
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inform us about number of bits that must be transmitted before the first bit arrives to the receiver
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