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Question		Answer
! start learning		!
To initiate change start learning		To start or commence a process of transformation or modification.
A change agent start learning		An individual or group that leads or facilitates changes within an organization or system.
Change resistance start learning		The reluctance or opposition to alterations, often encountered when implementing changes.
To implement change start learning		To put into effect or carry out planned modifications or adjustments.
Cultural mindset start learning		The shared attitudes, beliefs, and values that characterize a particular group or society.
To make gradual improvements start learning		To enhance or refine something over time through incremental changes.
Restructuring start learning		The process of reorganizing or rearranging the components or structure of an organization.
Redesigning start learning		The act of modifying or altering the design or structure of something.
A complete overhaul start learning		A thorough and comprehensive reconstruction or renovation.
A turnaround start learning		A significant improvement or reversal of a situation, often applied to businesses or projects.
To be change averse having a preference for maintaining the status quo. start learning		To resist or avoid changes
To adapt to change start learning		To adjust and accommodate oneself to new or altered circumstances.
Reactions to change start learning		Shock, denial, anger, acceptance, move forward. Different emotional responses that individuals may go through when faced with change.
To be resistant to (change) start learning		To oppose or withstand alterations and modifications.
To mourn start learning		To grieve or express sorrow, typically in response to loss or change.
To address the issue/problem start learning		To confront or deal with a problem or challenge.
To think something through start learning		To carefully consider or reflect on a matter before making a decision.
To bring somebody on board start learning		To get someone to support or join a project, idea, or initiative.
To be on board with something start learning		To be in agreement or supportive of a particular idea or plan.
The odds are good start learning		There is a high probability or likelihood of success.
To make money by the scoopful start learning		To earn a significant amount of money.
Complacency had set in start learning		A state of self-satisfaction and unawareness of potential problems or dangers had developed.
Sales slipped start learning		The volume of sales decreased or declined.
He resorted to an overhaul start learning		He chose to undertake a comprehensive and thorough restructuring.
He scrapped TV advertising start learning		He eliminated or abandoned television advertising.
To get the company back on track start learning		To restore a company to a path of success or improvement.
A renewed emphasis on R&D start learning		A revived focus on research and development.
Globalization may have subjected the company to stiffer competition start learning		The company may face more intense competition due to globalization.
Swelling middle class start learning		An increase in the size of the middle-income population.
An emblem start learning		A symbol or representation that signifies something.
Stringent start learning		Strict, precise, or rigorous.
To propagate something start learning		To spread, promote, or transmit something, such as ideas or beliefs.
Posh start learning		Elegant, stylish, or luxurious.
To fend off start learning		To defend against or repel a threat or attack.
Stiff competition start learning		Intense or strong competition.
To stagnate start learning		To remain unchanged or make little progress.
Cost-cutting start learning		The reduction of expenses or expenditures.
To reinforce start learning		To strengthen or support.
To embark on something start learning		To start or undertake a new project or journey.
To counteract a growing number of complaints start learning		To take measures to offset or counter the increase in complaints.
To relocate a company/department start learning		To move a company or a department to a different location.
To reconsider long-held beliefs start learning		To review or rethink deeply ingrained beliefs.
To underestimate the impact of something start learning		To miscalculate or undervalue the effect of something.
To track somebody/something down start learning		To locate or find someone or something.
To backtrack start learning		To retrace one's steps or reverse a decision.
To be on the right track start learning		To be moving in the correct direction or making progress.
To keep track of something start learning		To monitor or stay informed about something.
To lose track of something start learning		To become unaware or lose information about something.
To fast track start learning		To expedite or accelerate a process.
To cover one’s tracks start learning		To conceal or hide evidence of one's actions.
A proven track record start learning		A history of consistent and successful performance.
To be engrossed at work start learning		To be deeply absorbed or immersed in work.
UNIT 4 start learning		JEDNOSTKA 4
CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) start learning		The ethical and social responsibility of a business to contribute positively to society, beyond its economic activities.
Code of conduct start learning		A set of rules or guidelines that outline ethical standards and expected behavior for individuals or organizations.
Bribery start learning		The act of offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting something of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in a position of power.
Bribe start learning		A payment or gift given to someone to influence their actions or decisions.
Kickback start learning		A form of bribery where a portion of the payment made is returned to the payer.
Sweetener start learning		An inducement or bribe offered to someone to influence their behavior.
Backhander start learning		A secret or indirect payment, especially a bribe.
Corruption start learning		Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery.
Corrupt start learning		Involved in dishonest or illegal activities, especially involving bribery.
Wrongdoing actions that are morally or legally unacceptable. start learning		Unethical or illegal behavior
Insider trading (insider dealing) start learning		Trading securities based on material nonpublic information about the company.
Chinese wall start learning		A barrier or division within a financial or legal firm to prevent conflicts of interest.
Price fixing start learning		An agreement between competitors to set the prices of goods or services, eliminating competition.
Market rigging start learning		Manipulating the market to create a false impression of supply, demand, or price.
Sleaze start learning		Behavior characterized by immoral or unethical actions, often related to corruption or dishonesty.
Fraud start learning		Deceptive practices intended to secure unfair or unlawful gain.
Fraudster start learning		A person or entity engaged in fraudulent activities.
Fraudulent start learning		Involving deceit or dishonesty, typically for financial gain.
Embezzlement start learning		The misappropriation of funds entrusted to someone for personal use.
Counterfeiting start learning		Producing imitation goods, typically with the intent to deceive or defraud.
Forgery start learning		The act of producing fake or false documents or signatures.
Forger start learning		A person who engages in the act of forgery.
Faking (luxury goods) start learning		Producing counterfeit or imitation luxury goods.
A scam start learning		A dishonest scheme or fraud.
Racketeering start learning		Engaging in a dishonest or illegal business scheme.
Protection racket start learning		A criminal activity where individuals or businesses are forced to pay for protection.
Money laundering start learning		The process of concealing the origins of illegally obtained money.
Business ethics start learning		The principles and standards that guide the conduct of individuals and organizations in the business world.
Ethical behavior start learning		Conduct that adheres to moral principles and values.
Industrial espionage start learning		The unauthorized acquisition of confidential information about a company's competitors.
Concealed cameras start learning		Cameras hidden from view for surveillance or monitoring purposes.
Built-in obsolescence start learning		Designing products with a limited lifespan to encourage repeat purchases.
Lobbying start learning		The act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials or legislators.
Whistleblowing start learning		The act of disclosing information about illegal or unethical activities within an organization.
To reveal confidential information start learning		To disclose information that is meant to be kept secret.
Stakeholders vs shareholders start learning		Stakeholders include all parties affected by a company's actions, while shareholders are specifically owners of the company.
Accountability start learning		The responsibility to answer for one's actions or decisions.
Transparency start learning		Openness and clarity in communication and decision-making processes.
Probity & integrity start learning		Honesty, integrity, and adherence to moral principles.
Misconduct start learning		Improper or unethical behavior.
To designate somebody to do something start learning		To assign or appoint someone for a specific task or role.
To oversee CSR start learning		To supervise or manage Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives.
Nepotism start learning		Favoritism shown to family members in business or politics.
Regulatory bodies start learning		Organizations responsible for creating and enforcing rules and regulations.
Corporate governance start learning		The system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled.
Empowerment start learning		Granting authority or power to individuals or groups.
Best practice start learning		The recognized and most effective way of doing something.
Stock options start learning		A form of compensation that gives employees the right to buy company stock at a specified price.
Golden retirement start learning		A retirement plan or package that provides substantial benefits to employees.
To bend the rules start learning		To violate or circumvent established rules.
To be morally beyond reproach start learning		To have an impeccable moral standing.
To advocate something start learning		To publicly support or recommend a cause or idea.
To foster something start learning		To promote the development or growth of something.
To undermine start learning		To weaken or erode the foundation or trust in something.
To comply with start learning		To conform to or adhere to rules, regulations, or standards.
To embody start learning		To represent or express a particular quality or idea.
A custom start learning		A traditional practice or behavior.
Insofar as start learning		To the extent that.
To harm start learning		To cause damage or injury.
Proponents start learning		Supporters or advocates of a particular cause or idea.
To avoid pollution start learning		To prevent or refrain from causing environmental pollution.
To conduct business/classes/research/tests/business operations start learning		To carry out or perform various activities related to business, education, research, or testing.
To make expenditures/money/profits/loss start learning		To spend money, earn profits, or incur losses.
To maximize profits start learning		To optimize or achieve the highest possible financial gain.
To provide employment start learning		To offer job opportunities.
To expose a company to negative publicity start learning		To subject a company to unfavorable public attention.
Listening1 (tapescript p 166) start learning		Refers to an audio recording or transcript associated with a listening exercise on page 166.
To trace the beginnings of CSR to some specific events start learning		To identify the origin or starting point of Corporate Social Responsibility.
A silver lining start learning		A positive aspect or outcome in a seemingly negative situation.
A gas leak start learning		The unintentional release of gas.
To inhale toxic gases start learning		To breathe in harmful or poisonous gases.
To put your company/reputation at risk start learning		To jeopardize the well-being or standing of a company or reputation.
An operational business start learning		A business that is actively functioning.
A settlement start learning		An agreement resolving a dispute.
A compensation payment start learning		A monetary payment to compensate for losses or damages.
A court hearing start learning		A legal proceeding held in court.
The aftermath start learning		The consequences or results of an event.
To go aground start learning		To run a ship onto the shore or into shallow waters.
To make a living start learning		To earn a livelihood.
Text p 41 start learning		Refers to a specific page (page 41) in a text or book.
Triple bottom line start learning		An approach that evaluates a company's performance based on economic, social, and environmental factors.
Do-gooding start learning		Engaging in actions or activities intended to benefit others.
A sideshow start learning		A minor or secondary event or activity.
To glory in something start learning		To take great pride or pleasure in something.
Convoluted start learning		Complicated or intricate.
To struggle start learning		To make a strenuous effort to achieve something.
Corporate philanthropy start learning		The act of businesses donating money or resources to charitable causes.
To allocate money to something start learning		To assign or distribute funds to a specific purpose.
Belatedly start learning		Occurring later than expected or desired.
Codes of conduct start learning		Sets of rules or guidelines defining ethical behavior.
Competitive advantage/edge start learning		A unique advantage that allows a company to outperform its competitors.
Window-dressing start learning		Superficial changes made to improve the appearance of something without addressing underlying issues.
Positively harmful start learning		Causing harm or damage.
Virtue start learning		Moral excellence or righteousness.
Myriad start learning		A large number or variety.
Misbehavior start learning		Improper or unacceptable behavior.
To make the commitment start learning		To pledge or promise to do something.
NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) start learning		Organizations that are independent of government control and operate for social, environmental, or humanitarian purposes.
A driver of growth start learning		Something that stimulates or fuels economic or business expansion.
Oil spill start learning		The accidental release of oil into the environment, often occurring in bodies of water and causing environmental damage.
To come under attack start learning		To be subjected to criticism, opposition, or negative actions.
A blow to the reputation start learning		A negative impact on one's standing or image, typically caused by damaging actions or events.
To get ahead of the game start learning		To be proactive and stay ahead of competitors or challenges.
To take a serious look at something start learning		To carefully and thoroughly examine or consider something.
Sustainable development start learning		Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Citizenship start learning		The status or condition of being a citizen, involving rights, duties, and responsibilities within a community or nation.
Carbon neutral start learning		Achieving a balance between the amount of greenhouse gases emitted and the amount removed from the atmosphere.
To boom start learning		To experience rapid and significant growth or success.
Increasingly start learning		Gradually or progressively growing in frequency or intensity.
To do battle with start learning		To engage in a struggle or fight against something.
To be made up of to be composed of. start learning		To consist of
To be put to good use start learning		To be utilized effectively or for a positive purpose.
To shape opinion start learning		To influence or mold public perception or beliefs.
Whitewashing start learning		Attempting to conceal or gloss over wrongdoing or faults.
Greenwashing start learning		Conveying a false impression of environmental responsibility to deceive the public.
To tout start learning		To promote or publicize aggressively.
To minimize environmental impact start learning		To reduce the negative effects on the environment.
A sliver of something start learning		A small, thin piece or portion of something.
To be done on the heels of something start learning		To follow closely in time or sequence.
A recurrence start learning		The repeated occurrence of an event or phenomenon.
To make the grade start learning		To meet a standard or expectation.
Allegations start learning		Claims or accusations that have not been proven.
To subscribe to something start learning		To support or adopt a particular belief or idea.
To wreak havoc start learning		To cause widespread and severe destruction or chaos.
To be alerted start learning		To be notified or made aware of something.
To recall a product start learning		To withdraw a product from the market due to safety concerns or defects.
Stringent (tests/regulations) start learning		Strict or rigorous in terms of requirements or standards.
Intact (reputation) start learning		Unharmed or undamaged, particularly in relation to one's reputation.
The word on the street is start learning		Common talk or rumors circulating in a community or society.
Rumours start learning		Unverified information or gossip.
Unforeseeable start learning		Impossible to predict or anticipate.
A batch of products start learning		A quantity of products produced or processed together.
To withdraw a product start learning		To remove a product from circulation or sale.
Listening2 (tapescript p 167) start learning		Refers to an audio recording or transcript associated with a listening exercise on page 167.
Scrutiny start learning		Close examination or inspection.
To be on one’s guard start learning		To be cautious or vigilant.
To be at risk start learning		To be in a situation where harm or danger is possible.
To be untoward start learning		Unfavorable or unexpected.
Alacrity start learning		Quick and cheerful readiness or willingness.
Strategic start learning		Pertaining to the formulation and implementation of a plan of action to achieve a specific goal
Relevant to your business start learning		Connected or applicable to your business operations
A scatter-gun approach start learning		A haphazard or indiscriminate method
To go under (to go out of business) start learning		To cease operating, especially due to financial failure
To be liable to happen start learning		Prone or susceptible to occurring
To anticipate start learning		To foresee or expect something
To evolve start learning		To develop or undergo gradual change
To come under a lot of pressure start learning		To face intense scrutiny or demands
To deliberately ignore CSR start learning		To intentionally disregard Corporate Social Responsibility
‘Gekko unfriendly’ vocabulary start learning		Terms or expressions that may be disapproved of by Gordon Gekko, a fictional character known for unethical business practices
Sustainable materials start learning		Materials that are environmentally friendly and have a minimal impact on ecosystems
Solar panels start learning		Devices that convert sunlight into electricity
Green credentials start learning		A company's environmental accomplishments or commitments
Publicity start learning		Public attention or coverage
To uncover evidence start learning		To reveal or discover proof or information
To pick up on (the story) start learning		To become aware of or resume discussion of a topic
State-of-the-art technology start learning		Cutting-edge or the latest technology
A blueprint start learning		A detailed plan or design
To go on the offensive start learning		To take aggressive action
To play something down start learning		To minimize or downplay the significance of something
To liaise with someone start learning		To establish a connection or coordinate with someone
To run the risk of start learning		To expose oneself to the possibility of experiencing something negative
A smokescreen start learning		A deceptive action or statement intended to distract or disguise the truth
To sidestep an issue start learning		To avoid addressing or confronting an issue directly
To pay lip service to something start learning		To express support for something verbally without genuine commitment
Tokenistic start learning		Relating to actions or gestures that are merely symbolic or superficial
Tokenism start learning		The practice of making only a symbolic effort to include a particular group
To expose the fraud start learning		To reveal or bring attention to fraudulent activities
To impose CSR on someone start learning		To enforce or require Corporate Social Responsibility
To deliver on a promise start learning		To fulfill or keep a commitment
To implement (a CSR program) start learning		To put into effect or carry out a Corporate Social Responsibility program
Offshoring start learning		The practice of moving business operations to another country
Merely just start learning		Only without any additional value
Eco-efficiency start learning		Maximizing resource efficiency while minimizing environmental impact
Corporate philanthropy start learning		The act of businesses donating money or resources to charitable causes
Cause-related marketing start learning		A strategy where a company aligns its brand with a particular social or environmental cause
A good cause start learning		A noble or worthy purpose
To offset negative impact start learning		To counterbalance or neutralize the adverse effects of something
To put a numerical value on something start learning		To assign a quantitative measure to something
To be an expert on something start learning		To have extensive knowledge or skill in a particular area
Community investment start learning		Allocating resources to benefit the community
To be inherently destructive start learning		Having an innate tendency to cause harm or damage
To be genuinely committed to (CSR) start learning		To be sincerely dedicated to Corporate Social Responsibility
To make a commitment to something start learning		To pledge or promise to support or engage in something
To donate to charity start learning		To give money or resources to charitable organizations
High-profile start learning		Receiving a lot of public attention or being well-known
To enhance reputation start learning		To improve or strengthen one's public image
To be easily dismissed start learning		To be casually disregarded or overlooked
External verifiers start learning		Independent entities that assess and confirm the accuracy of information or compliance with standards
To place something at the forefront start learning		To prioritize or emphasize something
In the vicinity of start learning		Near or close to
Code of Conduct start learning		A set of rules or guidelines defining ethical behavior
Memorandum of Understanding start learning		A formal agreement outlining the terms and details of a relationship or partnership
A midwife start learning		A person trained to assist women in childbirth
An outreach start learning		An effort to provide services or support to a community or group outside the organization
Explicit statements start learning		Clear and specific declarations
To coin a word start learning		To create and introduce a new word or phrase.

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