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Question		Answer
shaped by hammering or careful work; also used to mean “caused” in formal English. start learning		wrought iron → kute żelazo wrought by + noun wrought changes/damage wykonany, kuty; spowodowany The gate was made of wrought iron. The new policy wrought significant changes.
loyal support or commitment to a person, group, country, or cause. start learning		allegiance to + noun pledge allegiance to + noun lojalność, wierność Citizens owe allegiance to their country. The soldiers pledged allegiance to the king.
very powerful, difficult, or impressive, causing respect or fear. start learning		formidable + noun be formidable at/in + noun/gerund groźny, potężny, imponujący She is a formidable opponent. groźną przeciwniczką. He is formidable in negotiations.
to control, direct, or manage a country, organization, or process. start learning		govern + object → govern a country be governed by + noun → be governed by rules rządzić, zarządzać, regulować The president governs the country.

22, cz7