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Wodorotlenki
Wodorotlenki
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wzór ogólny wodorotlenków
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Mⁿ(OH)ₙᴵ
nazewnictwo wodorotlenków
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wodorotlenki + metal (wartościowość)
... Na + ... H₂O ->
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2Na + 2H₂O -> 2NaOH + H₂↑
Na₂O + H₂O ->
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2NaOH
CaO + H₂O ->
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Ca(OH)₂
... Ca + ... H₂O ->
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Ca + 2H₂O -> Ca(OH)₂ + H₂↑
Ca(OH)₂ (nazwa nasyconego roztworu wodnego)
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woda wapienna
... FeCl₃ + ... NaOH ->
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FeCl₃ + 3NaOH -> Fe(OH)₃↓ + 3NaCl
... Fe³⁺ + ... OH⁻ ->
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Fe³⁻ + 3OH⁻ -> Fe(OH)₃↓
otrzymywanie wodorotlenków rozpuszczalnych w wodzie
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metal aktywny chemicznie (litowce i niektóre berylowce) z wodą lub tlenki metali aktywnych chemicznie z wodą
otrzymywanie wodorotlenków praktycznie nie rozpuszczalnych w wodzie
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reakcja wymiany soli danego metalu (dobrze rozpuszczalnej w wodzie z zasadą)
wodorotlenki (stan skupienia)
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ciało stałe
wodorotlenki (temperatura topnienia)
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wysoka
wodorotlenki (rozpuszczalność)
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zróżnicowana (1 grp - dobrze, 2 grp - rośnie w dół grupy, reszta niemalże nierozpuszczalne)
metal + woda ->
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wodorotlenek(aq) + wodór (1 grp i 2grp bez Be i Mg)
tlenek zasadotwórczy + woda ->
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wodorotlenki 1 i 2 grp bez Be i Mg
metoda otrzymywania wodorotlenków nierozpuszczalnych - strąceniowa
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sól(1) + zasada -> wodorotlenek nierozpuszczalny + sól(2)
... Al₂(SO₄)₃ + ... NaOH ->
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Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 6NaOH -> 2Al(OH)₃
Cr(NO₃)₂ + Ba(OH)₂ ->
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Cr(OH)₂ + Ba(NO₃)₂
wodorotlenki (budowa)
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zawsze jonowa
wodorotlenki zasadowe
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1,2 grupa bez Be, metale bloku D o niskich wartościowościach
Cr(OH)₂ (charakter)
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zasadowy
Mn(OH)₂ (charakter)
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zasadowy
Cr(OH)₃ (charakter)
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amfoteryczny
Co(OH)₂ (charakter)
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zasadowy
Ni(OH)₂ (charakter)
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zasadowy
Ni(OH)₃ (charakter)
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zasadowy (chyba)
Cu(OH)₂ (charakter)
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amfoteryczny
Zn(OH)₂ (charakter)
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amfoteryczny
Al(OH)₃ (charakter)
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amfoteryczny
Sn(OH)₂ (charakter)
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amfoteryczny
Pb(OH)₂ (charakter)
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amfoteryczny
FeO₂ i FeO₃
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FeO₂ bardziej amfoteryczny
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