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noun [C usually singular ] | sink into an abyss of something / plunge into an abyss of something; on the edge of an abyss It felt like I was standing on an abyss. | 2. The country is sinking/plunging into an abyss of violence and lawlessness. | 3. She found herself on the edge of an abyss. start learning
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przepaść, otchłań, czeluść (HOLE) literary* a very deep hole that seems to have no bottom; (BAD SITUATION) a difficult situation that brings trouble or destruction Poczułem się, jakbym stał nad przepaścią. | 2. Kraj pogrąża się w otchłani przemocy i bezprawia. | 3. Znalazła się na krawędzi przepaści.
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noun [U ] An older car will have poor acceleration. | 2. High winds significantly hampered the plane's acceleration. start learning
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przyspieszenie, przyśpieszenie the increase in something's speed, or its ability to go faster Starsze auto będzie miało słabe przyspieszenie. | 2. Silne wiatry znacznie ograniczały przyspieszenie samolotu.
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noun [S or U ] | acceleration in something; a rapid/sharp/steady acceleration The acceleration in the decline of manufacturing industry began several years ago. | 2. The sharp acceleration of inflation is hitting consumers hard. start learning
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przyspieszenie, przyśpieszenie the increase in the speed at which something happens Przyspieszenie upadku przemysłu wytwórczego rozpoczęło się kilka lat temu. | 2. The sharp acceleration of inflation is hitting consumers hard.
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noun [C ] • MUSIC specialized* Accidentals are a note or pitch that is not part of the key signature that you’re playing in. These notes are marked by using the sharp (♯), flat (♭), or natural (♮) signs. start learning
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(IN MUSIC) specialized* a sign showing that there is a temporary change from the key signature (= the set of musical notes that should normally be played for a particular piece of music)
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noun [C ] | synonyms: achievement, attainment (formal), deed, exploit, feat | greatest accomplishment Getting the two leaders to sign a peace treaty was his greatest accomplishment. | 2. Now for the first time, Iga Swiatek is going to take a moment to reflect and revel in her accomplishments and, of course, eat some good snacks. start learning
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something that is successful, or that is achieved after a lot of work or effort Jego największym osiągnięciem było nakłonienie dwóch przywódców do podpisania traktatu pokojowego. | 2. Teraz po raz pierwszy Iga Świątek poświęci chwilę na refleksję i rozkoszowanie się swoimi dokonaniami oraz oczywiście zje kilka dobrych przekąsek.
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noun [mainly C ] C1 | accusation that; accusation of; make/bring an accusation against someone There have been further accusations of corruption. / 2. The Minister denied the accusation that she had lied. start learning
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a claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong Pojawiły się kolejne oskarżenia o korupcję. / 2. Minister zaprzeczył oskarżeniu, że kłamała.
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accusation noun [mainly C ] C1 The mayor had taken offense to the lyrics of one of the band's songs, which he interpreted as an accusation of corruption. start learning
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a claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong Burmistrz obraził się na tekst jednej z piosenek zespołu, który zinterpretował jako oskarżenie o korupcję.
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accusation noun [mainly C ] C1 The statistics prove that the accusation of racism is wholly false. start learning
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a claim that someone has done something illegal or wrong Statystyki pokazują, że oskarżenie o rasizm jest całkowicie fałszywe.
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noun [U ] Acid rain causes harm to forests. start learning
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rain that contains large amounts of harmful chemicals as a result of burning substances such as coal and oil Kwaśny deszcz szkodzi lasom.
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noun [C ] C1 | buddy (informal), chum (old-fashioned informal), companion, crony (informal disapproving), friend, mate (UK informal), mucker (UK informal), pal (informal) He's just a business acquaintance. | 2. He has few close friends, but numerous acquaintances. start learning
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a person that you have met but do not know well To tylko znajomy biznesowy. | 2. On ma niewielu bliskich przyjaciół, ale mnóstwo znajomych.
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noun [U ] C1 (informal admin) Teachers complain that more of their time is taken up with administration than with teaching. | 2. She has little experience in admin (= in organizing a business, etc.). start learning
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(MANAGING) the arrangements and tasks needed to control the operation of a plan or organization Nauczyciele narzekają, że więcej czasu zajmuje administracja niż nauczanie. | 2. Ma niewielkie doświadczenie w administracji (= w organizowaniu biznesu itp.).
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noun [C ] C2 Kepivance has not been studied in children, adolescents or the elderly. start learning
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a young person who is developing into an adult Nie badano stosowania preparatu Kepivance u dzieci, młodzieży i osób starszych.
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noun [C ] formal | plural aficionados | an aficionado of something a club for model railroad aficionados • an aficionado of French cinema start learning
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miłośnik, wielbiciel, amator someone who is very interested in and enthusiastic about a particular subject klub dla miłośników modeli kolejowych • miłośniczka kina francuskiego
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noun [C usually singular ] • as an afterthought; added to something as an afterthought She only asked me to her party as an afterthought. start learning
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refleksja, dodatek (do wypowiedzi), uzupełnienie (czegoś powiedzianego lub zrobionego wcześniej) an idea, thought, or plan that was not originally intended but is thought of at a later time Zaprosiła mnie na imprezę dopiero po namyśle.
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afterthought noun [C usually singular ] • as an afterthought; added to something as an afterthought Then, as an afterthought, he added "I'll go with you." start learning
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an idea, thought, or plan that was not originally intended but is thought of at a later time Wtedy, po namyśle, on dodał "Pójdę z tobą".
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noun [U ] He arrived home in a state of agitation. | 2. This kind of agitation is dangerous for the patient, for staff and very upsetting for family members. start learning
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pobudzenie, wzburzenie, poruszenie (WORRY) worry and anxiety Wrócił do domu w stanie wzburzenia. | 2. Ten rodzaj pobudzenia jest niebezpieczny dla pacjenta, dla personelu i bardzo niepokojący dla członków rodziny.
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noun [U ] The anti-war agitation is beginning to worry the government. start learning
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(PROTEST) the situation in which people protest or argue, especially in public, in order to achieve a particular type of change Agitacja antywojenna zaczyna niepokoić rząd.
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noun [C ] Treat minor ailments yourself. | 2. a respiratory/stomach ailment | 3. minor ailment start learning
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an illness or health problem Samodzielne leczenie drobnych dolegliwości. | 2. dolegliwość oddechowa/żołądkowa | 3. drobna dolegliwość
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noun [U ] the aimlessness of existence | 2. He worried about his son’s aimlessness and lack of ambition. | 3. I've seen firsthand where wealth and aimlessness can lead. start learning
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the condition of being without clear intentions, purpose, or direction bezcelowość istnienia | 2. Martwił się bezcelowością i brakiem ambicji syna. | 3. I've seen firsthand where wealth and aimlessness can lead.
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the aimlessness of existence aimlessness noun [U ] This disappointed longing for love creates hate; the disappointed longing for peace calls the spirit of discord and violence; the disappointed trust causes insecurity, fear and aimlessness. start learning
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the condition of being without clear intentions, purpose, or direction Ta zakończona rozczarowaniem tęsknota za miłością tworzy nienawiść; zakończona rozczarowaniem tęsknota za pokojem wywołuje ducha niezgody i przemocy; zakończona rozczarowaniem wiara powoduje poczucie braku bezpieczeństwa, strach i bezcelowość.
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noun [C ] MATHEMATICS, COMPUTING Music apps use algorithms to predict the probability that fans of one particular band will like another. start learning
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a set of mathematical instructions or rules that, especially if given to a computer, will help to calculate an answer to a problem Aplikacje muzyczne wykorzystują algorytmy do przewidywania prawdopodobieństwa, że fani jednego konkretnego zespołu polubią inny.
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noun [C ] mainly US (UK usually pocket money) Why do you call it my allowance, and never let me spend it? | 2. He gets a small allowance from his father - just enough to live on until he starts to earn money. start learning
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(MONEY) an amount of money that parents regularly give to their child to spend as they choose Dlaczego nazywasz to moim kieszonkowym i nigdy nie pozwalasz mi tego wydać? | 2. Dostaje od ojca niewielkie kieszonkowe - wystarczające na życie, dopóki nie zacznie zarabiać.
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noun [U ] the allure of (doing) something the allure of working in television | 2. The allure of the stage drew him back to acting. | 3. sexual allure start learning
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attraction, charm, or excitement urok pracy w telewizji | 2. Urok sceny przyciągnął go z powrotem do aktorstwa. | 3. pociąg seksualny
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noun [C ] C1 This tennis tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals. start learning
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a person who takes part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job Ten turniej tenisowy jest otwarty zarówno dla amatorów, jak i profesjonalistów.
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noun [U ] preserve in amber He has a collection of prehistoric insects preserved in amber. start learning
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a hard, transparent, yellowish-brown substance that was formed in ancient times from resin (= a substance produced by trees) and is used in jewelry Posiada kolekcję prehistorycznych owadów zachowanych w bursztynie.
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noun [C or U ] | lie/wait in ambush Seven commandos were wounded in an ambush. start learning
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a sudden and surprising attack on a person or group by one or more people who have been hiding and waiting for them Siedmiu komandosów zostało rannych w zasadzce.
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noun [C or U ] C2 | make amendments (to something); an amendment to something the First/Fifth/Fourteenth amendment (also Amendment); a constitutional amendment | 2. I've made a few last-minute amendments to the article. | 3. An amendment to the bill was agreed to without a vote. start learning
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poprawka, nowelizacja, zmiana [US HISTORY] a change or addition to the US constitution; a change or changes made to the words of a text; a change to a law that is not yet in operation and is still being discussed pierwsza/piąta/czternasta poprawka (do Konstytucji Stanów Zjednoczonych); poprawka konstytucyjna | 2. Wprowadziłem kilka poprawek do artykułu w ostatniej chwili. | 3. Poprawka do ustawy została przyjęta bez głosowania.
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make amends (for something) amends noun [plural ] | make amends for something; make amends by doing something I wanted to make amends for the worry I've caused you. | 2. She tried to make amends by inviting him out to dinner. start learning
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wynagrodzić, zrekompensować (coś), zrehabilitować się (za coś) = to do something good to show that you are sorry about something you have done Chciałem zadośćuczynić za zmartwienie, które spowodowałem. | 2. Próbowała zadośćuczynić, zapraszając go na kolację.
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noun [U or C ] C1 plural ancestries | trace someone's ancestry back to something, trace someone's ancestry back (over) 200, 300, 1000... years He was proud of his Native American ancestry. | 2. His wife was of royal ancestry. | 3. The family has traced its ancestry back to the Norman invaders. start learning
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pochodzenie, ród, przodkowie your ancestors who lived a long time ago, or the origin of your family Był dumny ze swojego indiańskiego pochodzenia. | 2. Jego żona była pochodzenia królewskiego. | 3. Rodzina wywodzi się od najeźdźców normańskich.
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noun [C ] C2 | drop anchor - weigh anchor We dropped anchor (= lowered the anchor into the water) and stopped. | 2. It was time to weigh anchor (= pull up the anchor and sail away). start learning
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(ON A BOAT) a heavy metal object, usually shaped like a cross with curved arms, on a strong rope or chain, that is dropped from a boat into the water to prevent the boat from moving away Rzuciliśmy kotwicę (= opuściliśmy kotwicę do wody) i zatrzymaliśmy się. | 2. Nadszedł czas, aby podnieść kotwicę (= podciągnąć kotwicę i odpłynąć).
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noun [C ] C2 She was my anchor when things were difficult for me. start learning
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(SUPPORT) someone or something that gives support when needed Była moją ostoją, gdy było mi ciężko.
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noun [C ] C1 | right angle; at an angle an angle of 90 degrees | 2. The boat settled into the mud at a 35° angle/at an angle of 35°. | 3. A square has four right angles. start learning
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kąt (pomiędzy czymś a czymś) (SPACE BETWEEN LINES) the space between two lines or surfaces at the point at which they touch each other, measured in degrees kąt 90 stopni | 2. Łódź osiadła w błocie pod kątem 35°/pod kątem 35°. | 3. Kwadrat ma cztery kąty proste.
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angle noun [C ] C1 The picture was hanging at an angle. | 2. He wore his hat at a jaunty angle. start learning
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= not horizontal or vertical, but sloping in one direction Obraz wisiał pod kątem. | 2. Kapelusz nosił pod zawadiackim kątem.
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noun [C ] C1 | from another/different/my angle; a new/fresh angle on the situation What's his angle? Why is he being so damn generous to me? | 2. Try looking at the problem from another angle/from my angle. | 3. The press was looking for a new/fresh angle on the situation. start learning
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(WAY OF THINKING) a way of considering, judging, or dealing with something O co mu chodzi? Co on taki hojny? | 2. Spróbuj spojrzeć na problem pod innym kątem/pod moim kątem. | 3. Prasa szukała nowego/świeżego spojrzenia na sytuację.
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noun [C ] C1 | from another/different/my angle; a new/fresh angle on the situation Look at this from another angle. | 2. The press was looking for a new/fresh angle on the situation. start learning
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(WAY OF THINKING) a way of considering, judging, or dealing with something Spójrz na to pod innym kątem. | 2. Prasa szukała nowego/świeżego spojrzenia na sytuację.
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noun [C ] Chimpanzees and gorillas are both apes. start learning
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an animal like a large monkey with no tail, that uses its arms to move through trees Szympansy i goryle to małpy człekokształtne.
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noun [U ] mainly US start learning
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clothes of a particular type when they are being sold in a store
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noun [C ] usually plural appetizers (UK usually appetiser) At 6:30 everyone gathered for drinks and appetizers in the lounge. start learning
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zakąska, przystawka (jedzona przed rozpoczęciem posiłku) a small amount of food eaten before a meal; the first part of a meal O 6:30 wszyscy zebrali się w salonie na drinki i przekąski.
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noun [U ] C1 | meet with (loud) applause; (get) a round of applause (for someone) His speech met with (= received) loud applause. | 2. So let's have a round of applause, please, for (= please applaud) a very talented young lady who is going to sing for us. start learning
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the sound of people clapping their hands repeatedly to show enjoyment or approval of something such as a performance or speech Jego przemówienie zebrało głośne brawa. | 2. Więc oklaski, proszę, dla bardzo utalentowanej młodej damy, która zamierza dla nas zaśpiewać.
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noun [C or U ] C2 The design has many applications. | 2. the application of this research in the treatment of cancer start learning
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(USE) a way in which something can be used for a particular purpose Projekt ma wiele zastosowań. | 2. zastosowanie tych badań w leczeniu raka
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archaeologist (US also: archeologist) noun [C ] C1 Simon, you told me the best tool an archaeologist has is an open mind. | 2. This is Indiana Jones, a famous archaeologist. start learning
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someone who studies the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects of people who lived in the past Simon, sam mi mówiłeś, że najlepszym narzędziem jakie może mieć archeolog jest otwarty umysł. | 2. A to jest Indiana Jones, sławny archeolog.
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archaeology (also US archeology) noun [U ] C1 (also US archeology) Daniel is very interested in history and archaeology, and often visits historic sites. | 2. She is an expert on the archaeology of ancient Egypt. start learning
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the study of ancient cultures by looking for and examining their buildings, tools, and other objects Daniel bardzo interesuje się historią i archeologią i często odwiedza zabytki. | 2. Jest ekspertem archeologii starożytnego Egiptu.
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artificial intelligence (abbreviation AI) noun [U ] C2 (abbreviation AI) To understand "natural language," computers must be equipped with artificial intelligence. | 2. Artificial intelligence research has been going on for decades without making an impact outside a few specialized areas. start learning
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the study and development of computer systems that do jobs that previously needed human intelligence Aby zrozumieć „język naturalny”, komputery muszą być wyposażone w sztuczną inteligencję. | 2. Badania nad sztuczną inteligencją trwają od dziesięcioleci i nie wywierają wpływu poza kilkoma wyspecjalizowanymi obszarami.
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noun [C usually singular ] formal | synonym: ascent the story of a young man’s rapid political ascension start learning
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awans zawodowy / wspinaczka, wzniesienie się (RISE) formal* the process of rising to a position of higher importance, rank, or success; formal* the action of climbing or moving upward historia szybkiego awansu politycznego młodego człowieka
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noun [C usually singular ] RELIGION specialized (also Ascension) The Ascension of Christ is depicted in this stained-glass window. | 2. ascension to heaven start learning
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(TO HEAVEN) RELIGION the process of going up from earth to heaven, especially the process of Jesus Christ going up to heaven after his death and resurrection (= return to life) W tym witrażu przedstawiono Wniebowstąpienie Chrystusa. | 2. wzniesienie się do nieba, wstąpienie do nieba
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noun [C usually singular ] synonyms: climb, rise (MOVEMENT UP) | opposite: descent (POSITION) She made her first successful ascent of Everest last year. | 2. As the plane made its ascent, we saw thick smoke coming from one engine. start learning
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wspinaczka, wspinanie / wzniesienie się (CLIMB) the act of climbing or moving upward W zeszłym roku dokonała pierwszego udanego wejścia na Everest. | 2. Gdy samolot wznosił się, zobaczyliśmy gęsty dym wydobywający się z jednego silnika.
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noun [C ] We struggled up the slippery ascent. start learning
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(SLOPE) a slope, path, or road that goes up something Wspinaliśmy się po śliskim zboczu.
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noun [S ] formal | anscent to | synonyms: climb, rise (MOVEMENT UP) | opposite: descent (POSITION) His ascent to power was rapid and unexpected. start learning
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pięcie się w górę (np. w odniesieniu do kariery) (TO HIGHER POSITION) the fact of starting to become successful Jego dojście do władzy było szybkie i nieoczekiwane.
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noun [C ] Could you bring me an ashtray, please? start learning
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a small dish or container, sometimes decorative, in which people can leave cigarette ash and cigarette butts Czy mógłbyś proszę przynieść mi popielniczkę?
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noun [C or U ] C2 | an assault on someone/something He was charged with sexual assault. | 2. an assault on a police officer | 3. They launched an assault on the capital yesterday. start learning
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a violent attack Został oskarżony o napaść seksualną. | 2. napaść na policjanta | 3. Wczoraj przypuścili szturm na stolicę.
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noun [C ] C1 | association between; association with | a strong association Some studies show a strong association between pesticide use and certain diseases. | 2. The town has many happy childhood associations for me. start learning
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skojarzenie, związek (np. między dwoma wydarzeniami, pomysłami) a connection between two things; a memory or feeling that is connected with a particular place, event, etc. Niektóre badania wykazują silny związek między stosowaniem pestycydów a niektórymi chorobami. | 2. To miasto przywołuje we mnie wiele skojarzeń szczęśliwego dzieciństwa.
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noun [C ] C1 | association between; association with | a close association Smoking has a close association with lung cancer. | 2. The beach has positive associations for me as I used to spend my holidays there. start learning
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skojarzenie, związek (np. między dwoma wydarzeniami, pomysłami) a connection between two things; a memory or feeling that is connected with a particular place, event, etc. Palenie ma ścisły związek z rakiem płuc. | 2. Plaża ma dla mnie pozytywne skojarzenia, bo tam spędzałam wakacje.
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association (with someone/something) noun [C or U ] C1 (coll.: in association with sb/sth) We have had a very long and productive association with the firm. | 2. Manchester Business School, in association with the Chartered Institute of Marketing, offers a top marketing qualification for professionals. start learning
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związek, połączenie, współpraca (z jakąś osobą lub organizacją) the fact of being involved with or connected to someone or something Z firmą mamy bardzo długą i owocną współpracę. | 2. Manchester Business School, we współpracy z Chartered Institute of Marketing, oferuje profesjonalistom najwyższe kwalifikacje marketingowe.
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association (with someone/something) noun [C or U ] C1 | in association with someone/something The police knew all about his associations with organized crime. | 2. This event was organized in association with a local school. start learning
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związek, połączenie, współpraca (z jakąś osobą lub organizacją) the fact of being involved with or connected to someone or something Policja wiedziała wszystko o jego powiązaniach z przestępczością zorganizowaną. | 2. To wydarzenie zostało zorganizowane we współpracy z lokalną szkołą.
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noun [C or U ] They are on trial for committing atrocities against the civilian population. | 2. These people are guilty of acts of appalling atrocity (= cruelty). start learning
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an extremely cruel, violent, or shocking act Są przed sądem za popełnienie okrucieństw wobec ludności cywilnej. | 2. Ci ludzie są winni aktów przerażających okrucieństw.
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noun [U or C ] C1 | attendance at something/somewhere Primary school attendance is mandatory in all countries. | 2. Attendance at lectures is compulsory. start learning
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(REGULARLY) the act of going somewhere such as a church, school, etc regularly Uczęszczanie do szkoły podstawowej jest obowiązkowe we wszystkich państwach. | 2. Obecność na wykładach jest obowiązkowa.
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noun [C or U ] C1 | attendance at something/somewhere; attendance record falling attendance | 2. Attendances at church are falling. start learning
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(NUMBER) the number of people who go to an event, meeting, etc spadająca frekwencja | 2. Spada frekwencja w kościele.
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noun [C ] HR, MANAGEMENT | good/poor attendance record Do not underestimate the importance of having a good attendance record. It is one of the performance indicators that managers look at first. | 2. His attendance record and the quality of his work was an example to us all. start learning
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a record of how often someone has been present somewhere, for example at work Nie lekceważ tego, jak ważny jest dobry wskaźnik frekwencji. Jest to jeden ze wskaźników wydajności, na które menedżerowie najpierw patrzą. | 2. Jego wskaźnik frekwencji oraz jakość pracy stanowiła przykład dla nas wszystkich.
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attendance sheet / attendance list attendance noun [U or C ] C1 start learning
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(BEING PRESENT) the fact of going somewhere such as a church, school, etc. regularly
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noun [C ] | short attention spans Young children have quite short attention spans. start learning
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zakres uwagi, długość koncentracji uwagi the length of time that someone can keep their thoughts and interest fixed on something Małe dzieci mają dość krótki czas skupienia uwagi.
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noun [C ] C1 | US Better find yourself a lawyer! | 2. a defense attorney start learning
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a lawyer Lepiej znajdź sobie prawnika! | 2. obrońca
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noun [C ] C2 | an authority on something She's a world authority on 19th-century Irish history. start learning
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(EXPERT) an expert on a subject Jest światowym autorytetem w historii XIX-wiecznej Irlandii.
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an authority on something authority noun [C ] C2 She is an authority on seventeenth-century English literature. | 2. She's a world authority on 19th-century Irish history. start learning
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autorytet w dziedzinie czegoś = someone who has a lot of knowledge about a particular subject Jest autorytetem w dziedzinie siedemnastowiecznej literatury angielskiej. | 2. Jest światowym autorytetem w historii XIX-wiecznej Irlandii.
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noun [C ] C1 the health authority | 2. the local housing authority | 3. All problems should be reported to the authorities. start learning
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władza (oficjalna grupa ludzi, np. rząd) (OFFICIAL GROUP) an official group or government department with power to control particular public services urząd ds. zdrowia | 2. lokalny urząd mieszkaniowy | 3. Wszystkie problemy powinny zostać zgłoszone do władz.
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